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{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox legislation
<!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! -->
| name = Civil Unions law
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
| legislature = ]
{{Same-sex unions|unions}}
| image =
| long_title = Regulation of civil unions between people of the same sex and of cohabitations
| enacted_by = ]
| enacted_by2 = ]
| signed_by = ]
| date_signed = 20 May 2016
| date_commenced = 5 June 2016
| introduced_by = ]
| introduced_by2 =
| passed = 25 February 2016
| passed_for = 173
| passed_against = 71
| passed2 = 11 May 2016
| passed2_for = 372
| passed2_against = 51
| status = current
| citation = Law No. 76 of 2016
| summary = Introduces civil unions for same-sex couples and legally recognizes cohabitations for all couples
| amends = ]
}}


] has recognised ]s since 5 June 2016, providing same-sex couples with most of the legal protections, benefits and rights of ]. A bill to this effect was approved by the ] on 25 February 2016 and by the ] on 11 May. It was signed into law by ] ] on 20 May,<ref name="buzzfeed">{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/lesterfeder/italian-senate-adopts-civil-union-bill|title=Italian Senate Adopts Civil Union Bill|work=]|date=25 February 2016|access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/2016/05/11/civil-unions-become-law_19e92919-e154-446b-9ec7-f712319fa41b.html|title=Civil unions become law|publisher=]|date=11 May 2016|access-date=11 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36269605|title=Italian MPs back same-sex unions in vote for Renzi - BBC News|work=BBC News|date=11 May 2016|language=en-GB|access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="ansa">{{cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2016/05/20/mattarella-signs-civil-unions-law-2_a0d181c1-1ed6-42d8-873c-a810ba59497c.html|title=Mattarella signs civil-unions law|work=ANSA|date=20 May 2016|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> published in the '']'' the next day and took effect on 5 June 2016.<ref name="gazzettaufficiale.it">{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2016-05-21&atto.codiceRedazionale=16G00082&elenco30giorni=true|title=LEGGE 20 maggio 2016, n. 76|publisher=Gazzetta Ufficiale|date=21 May 2016|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> The law does not grant same-sex couples ] or access to ]. Before this, several ] had supported a national law on civil unions and some municipalities passed laws providing for civil unions, though the rights conferred by these unions varied from place to place.
{{Same-sex unions}}
] has recognised same-sex ]s ({{lang-it|unione civile}}){{efn|{{lang-fr|union civile}};<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/05/11/l-italie-adopte-l-union-civile-homosexuelle_1451931|title=L'Italie adopte l'union civile homosexuelle|work=Libération|date=11 May 2016|language=fr}}</ref> {{lang-de|eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft}};<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centaurus.org/de/eingetragene-lebensgemeinschaften-es-ist-soweit/|title=Eingetragene Lebensgemeinschaften: Es ist soweit!|work=Centaurus|date=31 July 2016|last=Unterkircher|first=Andreas|language=de}}</ref> {{lang-sc|unione civile}}; {{lang-lld|uniun zivila}}; {{lang-sl|civilna zveza}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.delo.si/svet/evropa/escp-od-italije-zahteva-legalizacijo-istospolnih-zvez.html|title=ESČP od Italije zahteva legalizacijo istospolnih zvez|work=Delo|date=21 July 2015|language=sl}}</ref>}} since 5 June 2016, providing ] with most of the legal protections enjoyed by opposite-sex ]. A bill to allow such unions, as well as gender-neutral registered partnerships, was approved by the ] on 25 February 2016 and the ] on 11 May and signed into law by the ] on 20 May of the same year.<ref name="buzzfeed">{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/lesterfeder/italian-senate-adopts-civil-union-bill|title=Italian Senate Adopts Civil Union Bill|work=]|date=25 February 2016|access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/2016/05/11/civil-unions-become-law_19e92919-e154-446b-9ec7-f712319fa41b.html|title=Civil unions become law|publisher=]|date=11 May 2016|access-date=11 May 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36269605|title=Italian MPs back same-sex unions in vote for Renzi - BBC News|work=BBC News|date=11 May 2016|language=en-GB|access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="ansa">{{cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2016/05/20/mattarella-signs-civil-unions-law-2_a0d181c1-1ed6-42d8-873c-a810ba59497c.html|title=Mattarella signs civil-unions law|work=ANSA|date=20 May 2016|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> The law was published in the ] the next day and took effect on 5 June 2016.<ref name="gazzettaufficiale.it">{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2016-05-21&atto.codiceRedazionale=16G00082&elenco30giorni=true|title=LEGGE 20 maggio 2016, n. 76|publisher=Gazzetta Ufficiale|date=21 May 2016|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> Before this, several ] had supported a national law on civil unions and some municipalities passed laws providing for civil unions, though the rights conferred by these civil unions varied from place to place.


Italy remains one of the last countries in ] not to have legalized ]. Polling suggests that a majority of ] support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage.<ref name="pew"/>
==History==
In 1986, the Inter-parliamentary Women's Communist group and ] (]'s main gay rights organization) for the first time raised the issue of civil unions within the ]. This was led by Ersilia Salvato in the ] and by Romano Bianchi and Angela Bottari in the ] who together attempted to introduce the idea of legislation. In 1988, following lobbying by Arcigay, lawyer and ] parliamentarian Alma Cappiello Agate introduced the first bill in Parliament (PdL N. 2340, ''Directive on the de facto family'', 12 February 1988), calling for the acknowledgement of cohabitation between "persons". The bill failed, but Cappiello's proposal received wide coverage in the press (where some journalists spoke about second-class marriage), and acknowledged for the first time the possibility of ] unions.


==Civil unions==
During the 1990s, a succession of civil union bills was regularly introduced and rejected in Parliament, bolstered by discussion in the ] on equal rights for homosexuals on marriage and adoption.
===Background===
In 1986, the Inter-Parliamentary Women's Communist group ({{lang|it|Interparlamentare donne Comuniste}}) and ], Italy's largest LGBT rights organization, raised the issue of ]s in the ] for the first time. This was led by Ersilia Salvato in the ] and by Romano Bianchi and ] in the ] who together attempted to introduce draft legislation. In 1988, following lobbying by Arcigay, lawyer and ] parliamentarian Alma Cappiello Agate introduced the first such bill to Parliament, calling for the acknowledgement of ] between "persons". The bill failed, but Cappiello's proposal received wide coverage in the press. During the 1990s, a succession of civil union bills was regularly introduced and rejected in Parliament, bolstered by discussion in the ] on equal rights for gays and lesbians. During the ] from 1996 to 2001, at least ten bills were presented to Parliament, notably by Salvato, ], ], ], and ]; however, none of them made it to a discussion on the floor of the Chamber of Deputies or the Senate.


In September 2003, the European Parliament approved a new resolution on human rights against ] on the basis of ]. Each member state had to confirm it would work to abolish any form of discrimination. During the ], proposals for civil unions with support from across party lines were submitted to Parliament. On 8 July 2002, ], an MP for the ], submitted for the first time a bill to legalise same-sex marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg14/lavori/stampati/pdf/14PDL0032500.pdf|title=Disposizioni in materia di istituzione del Registro delle unioni civili di coppie dello stesso sesso o di sesso diverso e di possibilità per le persone dello stesso sesso di accedere all'istituto del matrimonio|website=camera.it|language=it|date=8 July 2002}}</ref> However, the French ] (PACS) model was given particular resonance by the union of Alessio De Giorgi and Christian Pierre Panicucci on 21 October 2002 at the ] in ]. On the same day, Grillini introduced a bill to the Chamber of Deputies to establish civil solidarity pacts in Italy. It ultimately failed, but was supported by 161 centre-left MPs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg14/lavori/stampati/pdf/14PDL0050850.pdf|title=Disciplina del patto civile di solidarietà e delle unioni di fatto|website=camera.it|language=it|date=21 October 2002}}</ref> PACS remained a centrepiece in the public discourse on the rights of same-sex couples in Italy. This changed in 2005 when ] received wide coverage in Italy and triggered extensive political discussions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arcigay.it/en/archivio/2005/07/diritti-omosessuali-famiglia-perche-e-importante-il-pacs/#.Y2PSHXbMKUk|title=Diritti, omosessuali, famiglia: perché è importante il PACS|website=arcigay.it|language=it|date=12 July 2005}}</ref>
During the Parliament's ], at least ten bills were presented (by ], Luigi Manconi, Gloria Buffo, Ersilia Salvato, Graziano Cioni, Antonio Soda, ], Antonio Lisi, Anna Maria De Luca, and Mauro Paissan), none of which made it to a discussion on the floor of the House.


===Failed attempts in 2006–2008===
In September 2003, the ] approved a new resolution on human rights against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. Each member state had to confirm it would work to abolish any form of discrimination, legislative or ]. During the ], a few proposals for civil unions with support across party lines were submitted to Parliament. On 8 July 2002 Franco Grillini, an MP for the ], submitted for the first time a bill legalising same-sex marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg14/lavori/stampati/pdf/14PDL0032500.pdf|title=Disposizioni in materia di istituzione del Registro delle unioni civili di coppie dello stesso sesso o di sesso diverso e di possibilità per le persone dello stesso sesso di accedere all'istituto del matrimonio|website=camera.it|language=it|date=8 July 2002}}</ref> However, the French model of ] was given particular resonance by the union of Alessio De Giorgi and Christian Pierre Panicucci on 21 October 2002 at the French embassy in Rome. On the same day MP Grillini tabled a bill to the ] introducing so-called ]; it ultimately failed but had been supported by 161 centre-left MPs<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg14/lavori/stampati/pdf/14PDL0050850.pdf|title=Disciplina del patto civile di solidarietà e delle unioni di fatto|website=camera.it|language=it|date=21 October 2002}}</ref> and PACS remained a centrepiece for the public discourse on same-sex couples' rights in Italy. This changed in 2005 when ] received wide coverage in Italy and triggered extensive political discussions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arcigay.it/en/archivio/2005/07/diritti-omosessuali-famiglia-perche-e-importante-il-pacs/#.Y2PSHXbMKUk|title=Diritti, omosessuali, famiglia: perché è importante il PACS|website=arcigay.it|language=it|date=12 July 2005}}</ref>
During the ], ], leader of ], promised to introduce legislation recognising cohabiting same-sex couples if elected.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=Italians clash on gay 'marriage'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4612802.stm|work=]|date=14 January 2006|access-date=2007-08-08}}</ref> Prodi's centre-left coalition subsequently won a majority of seats in Parliament and was able to form the ]. In February 2007, the government introduced a draft bill to recognise ]s under the name {{lang|it|]}} (DiCo; "Rights and duties of stable cohabitants"). The bill faced considerable opposition from the ],<ref>{{cite news|title=Head of Italy's bishops speaks against same-sex unions|url=http://www.gmax.co.za/look07/01/26-italy.html|publisher=GMax.co.za|date=28 February 2007|access-date=2007-08-08}}</ref> and in the Senate from the majority of the right-wing opposition, but also from certain elements within Prodi's fractious coalition. Delays meant the bill could not reach the floor for a conclusive vote.


A demonstration was held in Rome on 10 March 2007 in support of the legislation. Thousands of activists waved alarm clocks in the air, signalling it was "high time" for such a law. Some government officials, including ] ] and Minister for Social Solidarity ], took part in the demonstration and were later criticized by Prodi for their participation.<ref>{{cite news|title = Miles de personas exigen a Prodi en Roma que regule las parejas de hecho| work=]| date = 10 March 2007| url = http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/Miles/personas/exigen/Prodi/Roma/regule/parejas/hecho/elpepusoc/20070310elpepusoc_3/Tes| access-date = 2007-08-08|language=es}}</ref> Two days later, the ] (CEI) staged a counter-demonstration, also in Rome. Police sources claimed that about 800,000 people participated in the demonstration, including some Catholic government ministers such as ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |title='Family Day' draws 1 million supporters of family, traditional marriage |url=http://origin.ewtn.com/news/blog.asp?blogposts_ID=214&blog_ID=1 |date=May 14, 2007 |publisher=]}}</ref> On 16 June, the annual Rome ] hit a record attendance of about 1,000,000 demonstrators. The parade had a strong political flavour, as LGBT associations meant it to be a response to the opposition demonstrations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gay Pride, Roma invasa: 'Siamo un milione' |url=http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2007/06_Giugno/16/gay_pride_roma.shtml |date=2007-06-17|work=]|language=it}}</ref>
===2006–08: failed attempt to legalise domestic partnerships (DICO)===
During the ], the then leader of the opposition, ], promised to give legal rights to de facto couples if elected.<ref name="BBC" /> Prodi's left-of-centre coalition subsequently won a majority in Parliament and was able to form the ]. In February 2007 the government tabled a draft bill to recognise ]s under the name '']'' (DICO; English: ''Rights and duties of stable cohabitants''). The bill faced considerable opposition from the ],<ref>{{cite news|title=Head of Italy's bishops speaks against same-sex unions|url=http://www.gmax.co.za/look07/01/26-italy.html|publisher=GMax.co.za|date=28 February 2007|access-date=2007-08-08}}</ref> and in the ] from the majority of the right-wing opposition and even from certain elements within Prodi's own fractious coalition. Delays meant the bill could not reach the floor for a conclusive vote.


The DiCo bill was merged with other civil union proposals in late 2007 and the Senate's Judiciary Committee began discussing a new draft bill known as "Contract for Social Unions" ({{lang|it|Contratto di Unione Solidale}}). Nevertheless, in February 2008, an ] was called, thus dissolving Parliament. All pending legislation died in committee. Two Italian filmmakers, ] and ], directed the award-winning documentary ''Suddenly, Last Winter'' ({{lang|it|Improvvisamente l'inverno scorso}}) on the DiCo bill.<ref>{{usurped|1=}} (special mention of the Panorama Jury at the 58th Berlin International Filmfestival, best documentary Idemfestival Córdoba, best documentary Bozner Filmtage, best documentary ], Tel Aviv)</ref>
A demonstration was held in ] on 10 March 2007 in support of the legislation and in order to avoid it being forfeited by Prodi. Thousands of activists waved alarm clocks in the air, signalling it was high time for such a law. Some government officials (such as the Minister for Equal Opportunities, ], and the Minister for Social Solidarity, Paolo Ferrero) took part in the demonstration and were later criticized by Prodi for their participation.<ref>{{cite news|title = Miles de personas exigen a Prodi en Roma que regule las parejas de hecho| work=]| date = 10 March 2007| url = http://www.elpais.com/articulo/sociedad/Miles/personas/exigen/Prodi/Roma/regule/parejas/hecho/elpepusoc/20070310elpepusoc_3/Tes| access-date = 2007-08-08|language=es}}</ref> Two days later, the Conference of Italian Bishops (CEI) staged a counter-demonstration, also in Rome. Police sources claim that about 800,000 people went to the demonstration, including some Catholic government ministers such as ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |title="Family Day" draws 1 million supporters of family, traditional marriage |url=http://origin.ewtn.com/news/blog.asp?blogposts_ID=214&blog_ID=1 |date=May 14, 2007 |publisher=]}}</ref> On 16 June, the annual Rome ] hit a record attendance of about 1,000,000 demonstrators. The ] had a strong political flavour, as LGBT associations meant it to be a response to the opposition demonstrations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gay Pride, Roma invasa: "Siamo un milione" |url=http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2007/06_Giugno/16/gay_pride_roma.shtml |date=2007-06-17|work=]|language=it}}</ref>


===Developments in 2008–2015===
Later in the year, the DICO bill was merged with other civil union proposals and the Senate's Judiciary Committee discussed a new draft known as ''Contratto di Unione Solidale'' (''Contract for Social Unions''). Nevertheless, in February 2008, an early election was called, thus dissolving the incumbent Parliament, and all pending legislation died in committee.
There was no majority in Parliament in favour of the legal recognition of same-sex unions following the 2008 general election. Although the governing majority, ] and ], of the ] under ], was elected without promising any improvement for the rights of same-sex couples, some party members, including Minister for Innovation and Public Administration ], along with Socialist MPs ] and ], acted independently and submitted civil union legislation to the Parliament in September 2008.<ref>{{cite news|title=Unioni Civili: 'DiDoRe' di Brunetta-Rotondi divide PdL |agency=] |date=17 September 2008 |url=http://www.ansa.it/opencms/export/site/notizie/rubriche/approfondimenti/visualizza_new.html_763238007.html |access-date=2008-11-28 |language=it |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022023126/http://www.ansa.it/opencms/export/site/notizie/rubriche/approfondimenti/visualizza_new.html_763238007.html |archive-date=October 22, 2008 }}</ref> The proposed ], which was called {{lang|it|Diritti e Doveri di Reciprocità dei conviventi}} (DiDoRe; "Mutual rights and duties for cohabiting partners"), was unsuccessful. If it had been adopted, it would have only been akin to ], as it did not provide for a public registry system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/16/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/testi/32503_testi.htm|title=Atto Camera n. 1756|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> Following Berlusconi's resignation in 2011, a new ] under ] was formed, but it also did not advance any legislation on same-sex relationships.


===Local civil union registries===
Two Italian filmmakers, ] and Luca Ragazzi, followed the whole discussion of the DICO law and made an award-winning documentary ''Suddenly, Last Winter'' (''Improvvisamente l'inverno scorso'').<ref> (special mention of the Panorama Jury at the 58th Berlin International Filmfestival, best documentary Idemfestival Córdoba, best documentary Bozner Filmtage, best documentary ], Tel Aviv)</ref>
], February 2006]]
In July 2012, ] ] promised to introduce a formal registry for same-sex unions in ], which would be designed to afford some legal protections to cohabiting same-sex couples. However, these protections would not be equivalent to marriage rights. A spokesman for the ] responded by arguing there was a "risk that giving equal status to families based on marriage with those founded on civil unions will legitimise ]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/07/23/milan-catholic-church-in-polygamy-warning-over-gay-civil-union-register/|title=Milan: Catholic Church in polygamy warning over gay civil union register|work=PinkNews|date=23 July 2012 |access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> The ] approved the registry on 27 July 2012 in a 29–7 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wantedinmilan.com/news/milan-opens-register-for-civil-partnerships.html|title=Milan opens register for civil partnerships|work=Wanted in Milan|date=9 September 2012}}</ref> The ] approved a similar registry in January 2015, in a 32–10 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2015/01/29/rome-city-council-approves-same-sex-civil-unions/|title=Rome city council approves register of same-sex civil unions|work=Pink News|date=January 29, 2015}}</ref> The registry came into effect on 21 May 2015. Twenty couples registered their unions at Rome City Hall that day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gazzettadelsud.it/speciali/english/2015/05/21/rome-celebrates-first-gay-civil-unions-58da562c-03d8-425c-89a5-4d4286f9e044/|title=Rome celebrates first gay civil unions|website=Gazzetta del Sud|date=21 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326124009/https://gazzettadelsud.it/speciali/english/2015/05/21/rome-celebrates-first-gay-civil-unions-58da562c-03d8-425c-89a5-4d4286f9e044/|archive-date=26 March 2019}}</ref>


In January 2013, a hospital in ] began using new parent bracelets using the gender-neutral term "parent" rather than "mother" or "father".<ref>{{cite web |title=Hospital in Padua first to recognize gay parents |url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/hospital-padua-first-recognize-gay-parents030113 |date=January 3, 2013 |publisher=Gay Star News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518124228/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/hospital-padua-first-recognize-gay-parents030113|archive-date=18 May 2013}}</ref> In August 2013, a Venice city councillor proposed to replace the terms "mother" and "father" in local documents with the terms "parent 1" and "parent 2". The project ignited a debate in which ] ] intervened and praised the bid. The motion was later not pursued. A similar motion was approved in ], replacing the terms "mother" and "father" with "parent" and "other parent" in local school documents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2013/09/17/news/genitori_madre_padre-66725959/|title='Padre' e 'madre' via dai moduli del Comune, Casini va all'attacco: 'Una farsa dannosa' |language=it |location=Bologna |date=September 17, 2013|website=La Repubblica}}</ref>
===2008–2015: new developments at judicial and local level===
After the general elections of ], there was no majority in Parliament in favour of legal recognition for same-sex unions. Although the governing majority (] - ]) of the ] Government was elected without promising any improvement for same-sex couples' rights, some party MPs (such as the Minister for Innovation and Public Administration, ], along with Lucio Barani and Francesco De Luca) attempted to act independently and submitted legislation to the Parliament.<ref>{{cite news|title=Unioni Civili: 'DiDoRe' di Brunetta-Rotondi divide PdL |agency=] |date=17 September 2008 |url=http://www.ansa.it/opencms/export/site/notizie/rubriche/approfondimenti/visualizza_new.html_763238007.html |access-date=2008-11-28 |language=it |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022023126/http://www.ansa.it/opencms/export/site/notizie/rubriche/approfondimenti/visualizza_new.html_763238007.html |archive-date=October 22, 2008 }}</ref> A proposed private member's bill called DiDoRe (''Diritti e Doveri di Reciprocità dei conviventi'', English: ''Mutual rights and duties for cohabiting partners'') was introduced, but was unsuccessful. If it had been adopted, it would only have been akin to "unregistered cohabitation", as it did not provide for a public registry system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/16/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/testi/32503_testi.htm|title=Atto Camera n. 1756|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> Following the demise of the Berlusconi IV Cabinet in 2011, the new ] did not enact either any legislation recognising same-sex relationships.


On 4 March 2015, the ] voted by 50 votes to 5 in favour of the creation of a regional civil union registry that allows couples of any sex to access regional government benefits. The law was strongly supported by ] ]. ] and ] are the only two regions with such legislation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudpress.it/ars-approva-ddl-sulle-unioni-civili-50-i-favorevoli-ma-non-mancano-le-polemiche/|title=Ars approva ddl sulle unioni civili: 50 i favorevoli, ma non mancano le polemiche|work=SUD Giornalismo d'Inchiesta|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> By early 2016, more than 320 ] had introduced civil union registries providing same-sex couples with formal recognition and equal access to municipal services as other cohabiting or married opposite-sex couples, the first being ] in 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipink.org/index.php/Elenco_dei_comuni_che_hanno_approvato_il_registro_delle_unioni_civili|title=Elenco dei comuni che hanno approvato il registro delle unioni civili |language=it |website=Wikipink }}</ref> Due to the limited number of services managed at the local level in Italy, these registries mostly have a symbolic value and are not legally binding for third parties. Major cities offering civil union registries include Rome, Milan, Bologna, Padua, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].
In these years, however, a number of significant developments came from the Italian judicial system and local politics.


===Passage of legislation in 2016===
====Landmark judicial rulings====
{{Infobox legislation
]
| name = Civil Union Law
In 2009, a same-sex couple from ] sued the local administration for denying them a marriage licence. The case was referred by the Tribunal of Venice to the ] concerned at a possible conflict between the Civil Code (which does not allow for same-sex marriage) and articles 3 of the ] (which forbids any kind of discrimination), and article 29 (which states an ambiguous gender-neutral definition of marriage).
| legislature = ]
| image =
| long_title = Regulation of civil unions between people of the same sex and of cohabitations
| enacted_by = ]
| enacted_by2 = ]
| signed_by = ]
| date_signed = 20 May 2016
| date_commenced = 5 June 2016
| introduced_by = ]
| introduced_by2 =
| passed = 25 February 2016
| passed_for = 173
| passed_against = 71
| passed2 = 11 May 2016
| passed2_for = 372
| passed2_against = 51
| passed2_abstention = 99
| status = current
| citation = Law No. 76 of 2016
| summary = Introduces civil unions for same-sex couples and legally recognizes cohabitations for all couples
| amends = ]
}}


In July 2012, the ] (PD) approved a party platform supporting the legal recognition of same-sex unions. The secular wing of the party tried to pass a motion in favour of same-sex marriage, but this did not gather enough support from party members.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2012/07/14/news/pd_una_nuova_carta_dei_diritti_dignit_legale_e_sociale_ai_gay-39053592/|title=Pd, tensione sui diritti dei gay 38 voti contrari al documento Bindi|date=July 14, 2012|website=La Repubblica}}</ref> ], leader of the ], criticised the decision and spoke out in favour of marriage for same-sex couples.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.beppegrillo.it/2012/07/nozze_gay.html|title=Nozze gay}}</ref>
On 14 April 2010 the Constitutional Court delivered a landmark decision (ruling 138/2010), establishing that the statutory ban on same-sex marriage was not in breach of the Constitution.<ref>{{cite news| title = La corte costituzionale si pronuncerà sul matrimonio gay| publisher = gaynews.it| date = 20 April 2009| url = http://www.gaynews.it/view.php?ID=81354| access-date = 2009-05-06| language = it| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722034636/http://www.gaynews.it/view.php?ID=81354| archive-date = 22 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://corrieredelveneto.corriere.it/veneto/notizie/cronaca/2010/14-aprile-2010/matrimoni-gay-divieto-codice-respinti-ricorsi-venezia-trento--1602834059773.shtml|title=Matrimoni gay, bocciati i ricorsi La Consulta: "Materia del legislatore" - Corriere del Veneto|website=corrieredelveneto.corriere.it}}</ref> However, the Court also affirmed that same-sex couples deserve legal recognition since they are 'social formations' constitutionally protected under article 2 of the Constitution. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/documenti/download/doc/recent_judgments/S2010138_en.pdf|title=Constitutional Court ruling n. 138/2010|website=cortecostituzionale.it|language=en}}</ref> The task of drafting legislation to this purpose was deemed by the Court to be the Parliament's sole prerogative.


Following the ], the ] was formed by members from the Democratic Party, The People of Freedom (PdL) and ] (SC). Only the Democratic Party and ] (SEL) had pledged their support for same-sex union recognition during the political campaign. On 14 May 2013, the Italian Parliament extended healthcare benefits to MPs' same-sex partners. This rule had already been in effect for heterosexual partners for several decades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/05/14/italy-benefits-approved-for-same-sex-partners-of-mps/|title=Italy: Benefits approved for same-sex partners of MPs|work=PinkNews|date=14 May 2013|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> The same month, an Italian judge registered a ] contracted by two Italian men. The registration occurred in Milan and the couple was registered in the local civil union registry approved in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.giornalettismo.com/archives/930529/milano-riconosce-le-prime-nozze-gay/|title=Milano riconosce le prime "nozze gay"}}</ref> The Minister of Equal Opportunities, Sport and Youth Policies, ] (PD), later announced she would introduce a parliamentary bill to recognise same-sex unions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2013/05/10/news/idem_gay-58460502/|title=La sfida di Josefa: "Basta coppie di serie Bserve una legge per le unioni gay"|date=May 10, 2013|website=La Repubblica}}</ref> In June, the Senate's Justice Committee began examining several bills concerning the recognition of same-sex couples. Three bills would have allowed same-sex couples to marry, while three other bills would allow cohabiting couples to register their partnerships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/39306.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 15|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/39506.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 204|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/40322.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 393|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/testi/39495_testi.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 197|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/39865.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 239|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/40058.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 314|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref>
In January 2011, the ] reversed a lower decision which stated that an EU citizen married to an Italian citizen of the same sex was not permitted to stay in Italy, because they were not a family according to Italian law. The High Court ruled that the lower judge should have applied the ] on the right of the citizens of the union to move and reside freely within the ].


On 15 December 2013, the newly-elected ], ], announced that the party would work on the recognition of same-sex relationships. While campaigning during the party primary elections, Renzi referred to the German ] as a model for legislation in Italy. German partnerships were only open to same-sex couples, and by 2013 their scope had expanded to be almost equivalent to ], except in name and full adoption rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/daassociare/2013/03/19/Pd-verso-Speranza-Zanda-capigruppo-Camera-Senato_8425205.html|title=Letta e l'ultimo giorno da premier, ho coscienza a posto - Speciali - ANSA.it|website=www.ansa.it}}</ref> After ]'s resignation in February 2014, Renzi was appointed prime minister and formed a new ] on 22 February 2014. Leading Italian politicians, including the mayors of ], Milan and ], ], Giuliano Pisapia and ], pressed for such legislation to be urgently passed.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">''Agence France Presse'', 7 June 2014, </ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 December 2013|title=Renzi: "Legge elettorale e riforme costituzionali si fanno con tutti"|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2013/12/17/news/renzi-73848934/|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> In Autumn 2014, the government tabled a bill for debate in Parliament.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 October 2014|title=Renzi: "Legge elettorale e riforme costituzionali si fanno con tutti"|url=https://www.lastampa.it/politica/2014/10/20/news/unioni-civili-renzi-avanti-sul-modello-tedesco-la-proposta-e-pronta-al-senato-da-gennaio-1.35603957/|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> The bill was reviewed by the Senate's Justice Committee but was delayed several times due to ]ing from the ]. The bill would have guaranteed same-sex couples almost all of the rights and benefits reserved for marriage, including the ability to adopt a partner's child (i.e. ]). It was supported by a large majority in Parliament: the Democratic Party, the Five Star Movement, some members of ], and Left Ecology Freedom. Some MPs opposed stepchild adoption, while others called for same-sex marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beppegrillo.it/2012/07/nozze_gay.html|title=Blog di Beppe Grillo - Nozze gay|date=15 July 2012|work=Blog di Beppe Grillo|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>
In 2012 the courts considered the case of a same-sex couple made up of an Italian man who married an ]an citizen in ].<ref>{{cite news|title = Uruguayano sposato con italiano ottiene permesso di soggiorno | publisher =www.repubblica.it| date = 26 March 2012| url = http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/03/26/news/permesso_soggiorno_uruguayano_sposato_italiano-32223979/?ref=HREC1-4| access-date = 2012-03-26|language=it}}</ref> In a landmark ruling, the ] stated on 15 March that "same-sex couples have the same right to a family life as married straight couples", adding that "the judiciary shall grant them the same legal rights as enjoyed under marriage on a case-by-case rule". Even though the Court's judgments are not binding outside the case decided, lower courts find those judgments persuasive. Whereas the Parliament remains free to introduce same-sex unions or not, the verdict paved the way for such unions to be equivalent to marriage in all but name and for judges to recognize individual rights to cohabiting couples.<ref>{{cite news|title = Cassazione: "I gay hanno diritto a trattamento familiare come le coppie sposate" | publisher =www.ilfattoquotidiano.it| date = 15 March 2012| url = http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2012/03/15/cassazione-hanno-diritto-trattamento-omogeneo-quello-delle-coppie-sposate/197526/| access-date = 2012-03-15|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Italy court rules gays have right to 'family life' | agency =AFP| date = 15 March 2012| url = https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5haRblFrXLozHXkNT9bX9cjcCTCYg?docId=CNG.f2d2e5542bd021d9031210c63dfe1778.81| access-date = 2012-03-16}}</ref> Marriages performed abroad going forward would allow the non-EU national partner to obtain an Italian permanent residence permit.


On 10 June 2015, the ] passed a motion formally supporting the introduction of civil unions for same-sex couples. All major parties presented different motions, but all were rejected except for the motion proposed by the Democratic Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/06/10/diritti-gay-camera-approva-mozione-pd-legge-unioni-civili-impegno-del-governo/1765935/|title=Diritti gay, Camera approva mozione Pd: 'Legge unioni civili, impegno del governo' - Il Fatto Quotidiano|author=F. Q.|work=Il Fatto Quotidiano|date=10 June 2015|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> On 21 July 2015, the ] ruled in the case of '']'' that Italy violated ] of the ] by not recognising same-sex couples' right to family life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-156265|title=Oliari and others v. Italy |website=HUDOC |publisher=European Court of Human Rights |date=21 July 2015}}</ref> On 6 October 2015, a proposal merging several previous bills and establishing same-sex civil unions ({{langx|it|unione civile}}, {{IPA|it|uˈnjoːne tʃiˈviːle|pron}}){{efn|In some ]:
On 9 February 2015 the ] interpreted the 2010 judgement of the ] as meaning that it would be Parliament's choice whether or not to admit same-sex marriage, civil unions or civil partnerships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2015/02/12/italy-high-court-rejects-sex-marriage/|title=Italy high court rejects same-sex marriage|work=Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights|date=12 February 2015|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

* {{langx|aae|unjunë çivile|label=]}}, {{IPA|aae|uˈnjunɯ tʃiˈvile|pron}}
On 21 July 2015 the ], in the case '']'', ruled that Italy violated the European Convention on Human Rights by not recognising same-sex couples' right to family life.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-156265|title=HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights}}</ref>
* {{langx|ca|unió civil|label=]}}, {{IPA|ca-IT|uniˈo siˈvil|pron}}

* {{langx|cim|léban-partnaschafft}}
====Local civil union registries and other local initiatives====
* {{langx|sdn|unione civile|label=]}}, {{IPA|sdn|uˈnjone tʃiˈvile|pron}}
], February 2006. The cartoon reads: "What if I get ill?".]]
* {{langx|hr|label=]|građanska zajednica}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ambsarajevo.esteri.it/bs/servizi-consolari-e-visti/servizi-per-il-cittadino-italiano/stato-civile/|title=Gradjanski Status|language=hr|work=ambsarajevo.esteri.it}}</ref> {{IPA|hr|ɡrâdʑanskaː zâ.jednitsa|pron}}
In July 2012 Giuliano Pisapia, mayor of ], Italy's second-largest city, promised to introduce a formal register of same-sex civil unions at city level, which would be designed to afford some legal protections to same-sex couples who cohabit, but these would not be equivalent to marriage rights. A spokesman for the ] responded by arguing there was a "risk that giving equal status to families based on marriage with those founded on civil unions will legitimise polygamy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/07/23/milan-catholic-church-in-polygamy-warning-over-gay-civil-union-register/|title=Milan: Catholic Church in polygamy warning over gay civil union register|work=PinkNews|date=23 July 2012 |access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>
* {{langx|egl|label=]|ugnòṅ sivìl}}, {{IPA|egl|uˈɲɔːŋ siˈvil|pron}}
On 27 July 2012 the Town Council approved the register in a 29-7 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.agi.it/english-version/italy/elenco-notizie/201207270930-cro-ren1012-milan_civil_unions_register_ok_d_pisapia_setting_an_example/|title=Forconi: Ferro 'gela' Calvani "La marcia su Roma' non si fara'"}}</ref>
* {{langx|frp|label=]|unión sevila}}, {{IPA|frp|yˈɲɔ̃ sɛˈvila|pron}}

* {{langx|fr|union civile}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2016/05/11/l-italie-adopte-l-union-civile-homosexuelle_1451931|title=L'Italie adopte l'union civile homosexuelle|work=Libération|date=11 May 2016|language=fr}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|ynjɔ̃ sivil|pron}}
In January 2013 a hospital in ] recognized same-sex parents for the first time in Italy. The hospital replaced the words "mother" and "father" with the gender-neutral word "parent".<ref>{{cite web |title=Hospital in Padua first to recognize gay parents |url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/hospital-padua-first-recognize-gay-parents030113 |date=January 3, 2013 |publisher=Gaystarnews}}</ref> In August 2013, a Venice city councillor proposed to replace the word "mother" and "father" in local documents (on local school premises) with the words "parent 1" and "parent 2" (''genitore 1'' and ''genitore 2''). The project ignited a debate in which the Minister of Integration, ], intervened and praised the bid. The motion was later not pursued. The Venice proposal then arrived in Bologna, where the executive body of the city proposed an alternative resolution, replacing "mother" and "father" with "parent" and "other parent" (''genitore'' and ''altro genitore'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2013/09/17/news/genitori_madre_padre-66725959/|title="Padre" e "madre" via dai moduli del Comune, Casini va all'attacco: "Una farsa dannosa" - Bologna - Repubblica.it|date=September 17, 2013|website=Bologna - La Repubblica}}</ref>
* {{langx|fur|union civîl}}, {{IPA|fur|uˈnjoŋ tʃiˈviːl|pron}}

* {{langx|de|eingetragene Lebenspartnerschaft}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centaurus.org/de/eingetragene-lebensgemeinschaften-es-ist-soweit/|title=Eingetragene Lebensgemeinschaften: Es ist soweit!|work=Centaurus|date=31 July 2016|last=Unterkircher|first=Andreas|language=de}}</ref> {{IPA|de-AT|ˈaɪ̯nɡɛˌtraːɡɛnɛ ˈleːbm̩sˌpartnɐʃaft|pron}}
In January 2015, the ] approved, in a 32-10 vote, a civil union registry, allowing same-sex and opposite-sex civil unions to be registered in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2015/01/29/rome-city-council-approves-same-sex-civil-unions/|title=Rome city council approves register of same-sex civil unions|date=January 29, 2015}}</ref> The registry came into effect on 21 May 2015. That day, 20 couples, 14 of them same-sex and six of them opposite-sex, got married at Rome's City Hall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gazzettadelsud.it/speciali/english/2015/05/21/rome-celebrates-first-gay-civil-unions-58da562c-03d8-425c-89a5-4d4286f9e044/|title=Rome celebrates first gay civil unions|website=Gazzetta del Sud}}</ref>
* {{langx|el-IT|label=]|αστική ένωση}}, {{transliteration|el|astikí énosi}}, {{IPA|el|astiˈci ˈenosi|pron}}

* {{langx|lld|union zivila}}, {{IPA|lld|uˈnjoŋ tsiˈvila|pron}}
On 4 March 2015, the ] voted by 50 votes to 5 (with 15 abstaining) in favour of the creation of a regional civil union register that allows couples of any sex to access all regional government benefits. The law was strongly supported by ], the first openly gay ]. ] and ] are the only two regions with such legislation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudpress.it/ars-approva-ddl-sulle-unioni-civili-50-i-favorevoli-ma-non-mancano-le-polemiche/|title=Ars approva ddl sulle unioni civili: 50 i favorevoli, ma non mancano le polemiche|work=SUD Giornalismo d'Inchiesta|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>
* {{langx|lij|union çivile}}, {{IPA|lij|yˈnjuŋ siˈviːle|pron}}

* {{langx|lmo|union civila}}, {{IPA|lmo|yˈɲũː tʃiˈʋiːla|pron}}
By early 2016, more than 320 municipalities and cities throughout Italy had introduced civil union registries (''registro delle unioni civili'') providing same-sex couples with formal recognition and equal access to municipal services as other cohabiting or married opposite-sex couples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikipink.org/index.php/Elenco_dei_comuni_che_hanno_approvato_il_registro_delle_unioni_civili|title=Elenco dei comuni che hanno approvato il registro delle unioni civili - Wikipink - L'enciclopedia LGBT italiana|website=www.wikipink.org}}</ref> Due to the limited number of services managed at local level in Italy, these registries mostly had a symbolic value and were not legally binding for third parties. Major cities offering civil union registries include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].
* {{langx|mhn|lemspartnerschòft|label=]}}

* {{langx|nap|aunione civile}}, {{IPA|nap|awˈnjoːnə ʃiˈviːlə|pron}}
===Civil unions===
* {{langx|oc|union civila}}, {{IPA|oc|yˈnju siˈvilɔ, -ˈβilɔ|pron}}
* {{langx|pms|union sivila}}, {{IPA|pms|yˈnjʊŋ siˈvila|pron}}
In July 2012 the ] approved its platform on civil rights, including legal recognition of same-sex unions. The secular wing of the party tried to pass a motion in favour of ], but did not gather enough support from the party committee for civil rights.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2012/07/14/news/pd_una_nuova_carta_dei_diritti_dignit_legale_e_sociale_ai_gay-39053592/|title=Pd, tensione sui diritti dei gay 38 voti contrari al documento Bindi|date=July 14, 2012|website=La Repubblica}}</ref> The following day, the leader of the ], ], criticised the decision and spoke out in favour of marriage for same-sex couples.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.beppegrillo.it/2012/07/nozze_gay.html|title=Nozze gay}}</ref>
* {{langx|sc|unione tzivile}}, {{IPA|sc|uˈnjɔnɛ tsiˈvilɛ|pron}}

* {{langx|scn|unioni civili}}, {{IPA|scn|ʊˈnjɔːnɪ ʃɪˈviːlɪ|pron}}
Following the ], on 28 April 2013 the ], a grand coalition cabinet, was formed by some members from ], ] and ]. Only the Democratic Party and ] pledged support to same-sex relationship recognition during the political campaign. On 14 May 2013 the Italian Parliament extended healthcare benefits to MPs' same-sex partners. This rule had already been in effect for heterosexual partners for decades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/05/14/italy-benefits-approved-for-same-sex-partners-of-mps/|title=Italy: Benefits approved for same-sex partners of MPs|work=PinkNews|date=14 May 2013|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> The same month, an Italian judge registered an English civil partnership contracted by two Italian men. The registration occurred in ] and the couple was registered in the local civil union register approved in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.giornalettismo.com/archives/930529/milano-riconosce-le-prime-nozze-gay/|title=Milano riconosce le prime "nozze gay"}}</ref> The Equalities Minister, ] (PD), then announced she would introduce a parliamentary bill which would recognise same-sex unions and cohabitants rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2013/05/10/news/idem_gay-58460502/|title=La sfida di Josefa: "Basta coppie di serie Bserve una legge per le unioni gay"|date=May 10, 2013|website=La Repubblica}}</ref> In June, the Justice Commission of the Italian ] started to examine several bills concerning the recognition of same-sex couples. Three bills (S.15, S.204 and S.393) were planned to allow same-sex couples to marry and the other three (S.197, S.239 and S.314) would allow them (and opposite-sex couples) to register their partnership as cohabitants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/39306.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 15|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/39506.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 204|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/40322.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 393|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/testi/39495_testi.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 197|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/39865.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 239|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Ddliter/40058.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 314|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref>
* {{langx|sl|partnerska zveza}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.delo.si/svet/evropa/escp-od-italije-zahteva-legalizacijo-istospolnih-zvez.html|title=ESČP od Italije zahteva legalizacijo istospolnih zvez|work=Delo|date=21 July 2015|language=sl}}</ref> {{IPA|sl|ˈpàːɾtnɛɾska ˈzʋéːza|pron}}

* {{langx|vec|union çiviłe}}, {{IPA|vec|uˈnjoŋ θiˈviɰe|pron}}
====Passage of legislation under the Renzi Government====
{{div col end}}}} and gender-neutral cohabitation agreements was submitted to the ] by ], MP for the ruling Democratic Party. The bill underwent its ] in the Senate on 14 October 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/46051.htm|title=Parlamento Italiano - Disegno di legge S. 2081 - 17ª Legislatura}}</ref> Although Silvio Berlusconi, the leader of the opposition Forza Italia party, supported the bill and stepchild adoption, many MPs from his party criticised or opposed the bill. Stepchild adoption was the most contentious issue across party lines and was vehemently opposed by the New Centre-Right, a Christian Democratic party part of the governing coalition and whose votes were necessary to reach a majority in the Senate, where the government's ].<ref>{{cite news|date=6 January 2014|title=Italian minister says surrogacy should be treated like a sex crime|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/italy-surrogacy-idUSL8N14Q2N320160106|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> After having failed to garner support in Parliament from enough opposition MPs, the government asked for a confidence vote on an amended version of the bill which did not contain the contentious provisions on stepchild adoption.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 February 2016|title=Italian senate passes watered-down bill recognising same-sex civil unions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/feb/25/italy-passes-watered-down-bill-recognising-same-sex-civil-unions
{{Same-sex marriage map Europe|align=right}}
On 15 December 2013 the newly elected secretary of the Democratic Party, ], announced that the party would work on the recognition of same-sex relationships. While campaigning during the party primary elections, Renzi referred to the ] that were available in Germany between 2001 and 2017 as a model for new legislation to be introduced in Italy. German partnerships were open to same-sex couples only and by 2013 their scope had expanded coming to be equivalent to marriage except in name and in terms of full adoption rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/daassociare/2013/03/19/Pd-verso-Speranza-Zanda-capigruppo-Camera-Senato_8425205.html|title=Letta e l'ultimo giorno da premier, ho coscienza a posto - Speciali - ANSA.it|website=www.ansa.it}}</ref> After the Letta government resigned, Renzi was appointed ] on 22 February 2014. Leading Italian politicians such as ], the Mayor of Rome, ] of Milan, and ] of Bologna, pressed for such legislation to be urgently passed.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">''Agence France Presse'', 7 June 2014, </ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 December 2013|title=Renzi: "Legge elettorale e riforme costituzionali si fanno con tutti"|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2013/12/17/news/renzi-73848934/|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref>

In Autumn 2014 the government tabled a bill for debate in Parliament, but initially refused to make the vote on it a matter of confidence.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 October 2014|title=Renzi: "Legge elettorale e riforme costituzionali si fanno con tutti"|url=https://www.lastampa.it/politica/2014/10/20/news/unioni-civili-renzi-avanti-sul-modello-tedesco-la-proposta-e-pronta-al-senato-da-gennaio-1.35603957/|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> The bill was reviewed by the Senate's Justice Committee and it was delayed several times due to the ] filibustering. The bill would have guaranteed almost the same benefits reserved for marriage, but it would have been available to same-sex couples only. Furthermore, stepchild ] was included while joint adoption was not. It was supported by a large majority: the ], the ], half of {{Lang|it|]|italic=no}}, and ]. Some MPs opposed stepchild adoption, while others demanded same-sex marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beppegrillo.it/2012/07/nozze_gay.html|title=Blog di Beppe Grillo - Nozze gay|date=15 July 2012|work=Blog di Beppe Grillo|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>

On 10 June 2015, the ], the lower house of the Italian Parliament, passed a motion formally supporting the introduction civil unions for same-sex couples. All major parties presented different motions, and all were rejected except for that of the Democratic Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2015/06/10/diritti-gay-camera-approva-mozione-pd-legge-unioni-civili-impegno-del-governo/1765935/|title=Diritti gay, Camera approva mozione Pd: 'Legge unioni civili, impegno del governo' - Il Fatto Quotidiano|author=F. Q.|work=Il Fatto Quotidiano|date=10 June 2015|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>

On 6 October 2015 a proposal merging several previous bills and establishing same-sex civil unions and gender-neutral cohabitation agreements was submitted to the ] by ], MP for the ruling ]. The bill underwent its first reading in the ] on 14 October 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/46051.htm|title=Parlamento Italiano - Disegno di legge S. 2081 - 17ª Legislatura}}</ref> Although ], leader of the opposition party {{Lang|it|]|italic=no}}, declared his support for both the recognition of same-sex couples and stepchild adoption, many MPs from his party criticised or opposed the bill. Stepchild adoption was soon considered the most contentious issue across party lines and it was vehemently opposed by ], a small Christian Democrat party which was part of the ] and whose votes were necessary to reach a majority in the Senate, where the Government's ].<ref>{{cite news|date=6 January 2014|title=Italian minister says surrogacy should be treated like a sex crime|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/italy-surrogacy-idUSL8N14Q2N320160106|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> After having failed to garner support in Parliament from enough opposition MPs, the government asked for a confidence vote on an amended version of the bill which did not contain the contentious provisions on stepchild adoption.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 February 2016|title=Italian senate passes watered-down bill recognising same-sex civil unions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/feb/25/italy-passes-watered-down-bill-recognising-same-sex-civil-unions
|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> |access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref>

{{wikinews|Italian parliament votes to back same-sex civil unions}} {{wikinews|Italian parliament votes to back same-sex civil unions}}
On 25 February 2016, the bill was approved by the Italian Senate in a 173–71 vote.<ref name="buzzfeed"/> The law provides same-sex couples with most of the rights of marriage with the exception of adoption rights and access to ]. On 8 March, the Chamber of Deputies' Justice Committee began discussing the bill, and ultimately approved it on 20 April. The Chamber approved the bill on 11 May in a 372–51 vote with 99 abstentions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/12/world/europe/italy-gay-same-sex-unions.html|title=Italy Approves Same-Sex Civil Unions|last=Povoledo|first=Elisabetta|date=11 May 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref> It was subsequently signed into law by ] ] on 20 May.<ref name="ansa"/> The law was published in the '']'' on 21 May and took effect on 5 June 2016.<ref name="gazzettaufficiale.it"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/norme-e-tributi/2016-05-21/unioni-civili-gazzetta-legge-vigore-5-giugno-160358.shtml?uuid=ADK56xM|title=Unioni civili, in Gazzetta la legge: in vigore dal 5 giugno|work=Il Sole 24|date=21 May 2016|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> On 21 July, the ] approved a government decree creating civil union registries across the country, allowing the first civil unions to be registered in Italy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2016/07/21/council-of-state-oks-civil-unions-decree-2_fa9ce5a3-3147-44f8-b7cc-5d0576faef05.html|title=Council of State OKs civil unions decree (2) - English|date=July 21, 2016|website=ANSA.it}}</ref> The first same-sex couple entered into a civil union in ], ] on 24 July.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/meet-first-lesbian-couple-entering-civil-union-italy/|title=Meet the first lesbian couple entering a civil union in Italy|publisher=GayStarNews|date=26 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ansa.it/emiliaromagna/notizie/2016/07/24/elena-e-deborah-oggi-spose-nel-bolognese_75e66679-4819-49ff-9cd8-6816debcfad3.html|title=Unioni Civili Elena e Deborah si sono sposate nel Bolognese|publisher=ANSA|date=25 July 2016}}</ref>

On 25 February 2016 the bill was approved by the Italian Senate in a 173-71 vote.<ref name="buzzfeed"/> The law provides same-sex couples with most of the rights of marriage except parenting (stepchild or joint adoption) and reproductive rights (IVF for lesbian couples). On 8 March, the Justice Committee of the Chamber of Deputies started discussing the bill, and ultimately approved it on 20 April. On 27 April, the heads of parliamentary groups set a timetable for the floor debate, which would have begun on 9 May and ended on 12 May. On 11 May, the Chamber of Deputies approved the bill in a 372-51 vote, with 99 abstentions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/12/world/europe/italy-gay-same-sex-unions.html|title=Italy Approves Same-Sex Civil Unions|last=Povoledo|first=Elisabetta|date=11 May 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=12 May 2016}}</ref> It was subsequently signed by ] ] on 20 May.<ref name="ansa"/> The law was published in the official gazette on 21 May and took effect on 5 June 2016.<ref name="gazzettaufficiale.it"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/norme-e-tributi/2016-05-21/unioni-civili-gazzetta-legge-vigore-5-giugno-160358.shtml?uuid=ADK56xM|title=Unioni civili, in Gazzetta la legge: in vigore dal 5 giugno|work=Il Sole 24|date=21 May 2016|access-date=21 May 2016}}</ref> On 21 July, the ] approved a government decree setting civil union registries across the country, allowing the first civil unions to be registered in Italy in the upcoming days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2016/07/21/council-of-state-oks-civil-unions-decree-2_fa9ce5a3-3147-44f8-b7cc-5d0576faef05.html|title=Council of State OKs civil unions decree (2) - English|date=July 21, 2016|website=ANSA.it}}</ref> On 24 July, the first same-sex couple entered into a civil union, in ], near ].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/meet-first-lesbian-couple-entering-civil-union-italy/|title=Meet the first lesbian couple entering a civil union in Italy|publisher=GayStarNews|date=26 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ansa.it/emiliaromagna/notizie/2016/07/24/elena-e-deborah-oggi-spose-nel-bolognese_75e66679-4819-49ff-9cd8-6816debcfad3.html|title=Unioni Civili Elena e Deborah si sono sposate nel Bolognese|publisher=ANSA|date=25 July 2016}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|+ 25 February 2016 vote in the Senate (final vote)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/votazione/senato/ddl-unioni-civili-fiducia-fiducia-cirinn%C3%A0/28530|title=Senato - votazione n. 1 (seduta n. 582 del 25/02/2016)|publisher=openParlamento|language=it|date=25 February 2016|access-date=7 November 2022|archive-date=25 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> |+ 25 February 2016 vote in the ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/votazione/senato/ddl-unioni-civili-fiducia-fiducia-cirinn%C3%A0/28530|title=Senato - votazione n. 1 (seduta n. 582 del 25/02/2016)|publisher=openParlamento|language=it|date=25 February 2016|access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref>
|- |-
! Parliamentary group !! style="width:15%;" | Voted for !! Voted against !! Abstained !! Absent (Did not vote) ! style="width:40%;" | Parliamentary group !! style="width:15%;" | Voted for !! Voted against !! Abstained !! Absent (Did not vote)
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Liberal Popular Alliance}}|border=silver}} ] - ] |{{color box|{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}|border=silver}} ]
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=18 | style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=108
|1=]
|1=AMORUSO Francesco Maria
|2=]
|2=AURICCHIO Domenico
|3=BARANI Lucio |3=Ignazio Angioni
|4=]
|4=BONDI Sandro
|5=Maria Teresa Bertuzzi
|5=COMPAGNONE Giuseppe
|6=CONTI Riccardo |6=Amedeo Bianco
|7=Daniele Gaetano Borioli
|7=D’ANNA Vincenzo
|8=FALANGA Ciro |8=Claudio Broglia
|9=]
|9=GAMBARO Adele
|10=IURLARO Pietro |10=Massimo Caleo
|11=LANGELLA Pietro |11=Laura Cantini
|12=]
|12=LONGO Eva
|13=MAZZONI Riccardo |13=Valeria Cardinali
|14=]
|14=PAGNONCELLI Lionello Marco
|15=]
|15=PICCINELLI Enrico
|16=REPETTI Manuela |16=Roberto Cociancich
|17=RUVOLO Giuseppe |17=Stefano Collina
|18=VERDINI Denis |18=]
|19=Giuseppe Cucca
|20=Vincenzo Cuomo
|21=Erica D'Adda
|22=Gianpiero Dalla Zuanna
|23=]
|24=]
|25=]
|26=Nerina Dirindin
|27=Stefano Esposito
|28=Camilla Fabbri
|29=Laura Fasiolo
|30=Emma Fattorini
|31=Nicoletta Favero
|32=Elena Ferrara
|33=Marco Filippi
|34=Rosanna Filippin
|35=]
|36=Elena Fissore
|37=Federico Fornaro
|38=Maria Grazia Gatti
|39=]
|40=]
|41=]
|42=Miguel Gotor
|43=Manuela Granaiola
|44=]
|45=]
|46=Paolo Guerrieri Paleotti
|47=Pietro Ichino
|48=]
|49=Silvio Lai
|50=Linda Lanzillotta
|51=Nicola Latorre
|52=Stefano Lepri
|53=Sergio Lo Giudice
|54=Doris Lo Moro
|55=Carlo Lucherini
|56=]
|57=]
|58=Alessandro Maran
|59=]
|60=Mauro Maria Marino
|61=]
|62=Donella Mattesini
|63=Giuseppina Maturani
|64=Claudio Micheloni
|65=]
|66=]
|67=Franco Mirabelli
|68=Mario Morgoni
|69=Claudio Moscardelli
|70=Massimo Mucchetti
|71=Pamela Orrù
|72=Venera Padua
|73=Giorgio Pagliari
|74=Annamaria Parente
|75=Carlo Pegorer
|76=Stefania Pezzopane
|77=Leana Pignedoli
|78=]
|79=Luciano Pizzetti
|80=Francesca Puglisi
|81=]
|82=Raffaele Ranucci
|83=Lucrezia Ricchiuti
|84=Gianluca Rossi
|85=Francesco Russo
|86=Roberto Ruta
|87=Angelica Saggese
|88=Gian Carlo Sangalli
|89=Giorgio Santini
|90=Francesco Scalia
|91=Annalisa Silvestro
|92=Pasquale Sollo
|93=Lodovico Sonego
|94=Maria Spilabotte
|95=Ugo Sposetti
|96=]
|97=Walter Tocci
|98=Salvatore Tomaselli
|99=]
|100=]
|101=]
|102=]
|103=Mara Valdinosi
|104=Daniele Valentini
|105=Vito Vattuone
|106=Francesco Verducci
|107=]
|108=Magda Angela Zanoni
}} }}
| - | –
| - | –
| {{collapsible list|title=1 |{{collapsible list|title= 3
|1=]
|1=SCAVONE Antonio Fabio Maria
|2=]
|3=]
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|New Centre-Right}}|border=silver}} ] - ] |{{color box|{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}|border=silver}} ]
| –
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title= 26
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title= 34
|1=AIELLO Pietro
|1=Bruno Alicata
|2=ANITORI Fabiola
|2=Bartolomeo Amidei
|3=AZZOLLINI Antonio
|3=Francesco Aracri
|4=BIANCONI Laura
|4=]
|5=BILARDI Giovanni Emanuele
|5=]
|6= BONAIUTI Paolo
|6=Bernabò Bocca
|7=CASINI Pier Ferdinando
|7=Giacomo Caliendo
|8=CASSANO Massimo
|8=Franco Cardiello
|9=CHIAVAROLI Federica
|9=]
|10=COLUCCI Francesco
|10=Remigio Ceroni
|11=CONTE Franco
|11=Antonio D'Alì
|12=D’ASCOLA Vincenzo Mario Domenico
|12=Domenico De Siano
|13=DALLA TOR Mario
|13=]
|14= DE POLI Antonio
|14=Claudio Fazzone
|15= DI GIACOMO Ulisse
|15=]
|16=GENTILE Antonio
|16=]
|17=GUALDANI Marcello
|17=]
|18=MANCUSO Bruno
|18=Vincenzo Gibiino
|19=MARGIOTTA Salvatore
|19=Francesco Maria Giro
|20=MARINO Luigi
|20=]
|21=PAGANO Giuseppe
|21=Andrea Mandelli
|22=ROSSI Luciano
|22=]
|23=SCHIFANI Renato Giuseppe
|23=]
|24=TORRISI Salvo
|24=Alfredo Messina
|25=VICARI Simona
|25=]
|26=VICECONTE Guido Walter Cesare
|26=]
|27=Paolo Pelino
|28=]
|29=]
|30=]
|31=Francesco Scoma
|32=Giancarlo Serafini
|33=Cosimo Sibilia
|34=Sante Zuffada
}} }}
| - | –
| -
|{{collapsible list|title= 6 |{{collapsible list|title= 6
|1=Michele Boccardi
|1=ALBERTINI Gabriele
|2=]
|2=DI BIAGIO Aldo
|3=Giovanni Piccoli
|3=ESPOSITO Giuseppe
|4=]
|4=FORMIGONI Roberto
|5=]
|5=MARINELLO Giuseppe Francesco Maria
|6=]
|6=SACCONI Maurizio
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Conservatives and Reformists (Italy)}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|border=silver}} ]
| - | –
| –
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title= 9
| –
|1=BONFRISCO Anna Cinzia
| style="background-color:#FFE;" |{{collapsible list|title= 35
|2= BRUNI Francesco
|1=]
|3=D’AMBROSIO LETTIERI Luigi
|2=]
|4=DI MAGGIO Salvatore Tito
|3=Rosetta Enza Blundo
|5=LIUZZI Pietro
|4=]
|6=MILO Antonio
|5=Maurizio Buccarella
|7=PERRONE Luigi
|6=Elisa Bulgarelli
|8=TARQUINIO Lucio Rosario
|7=Enrico Cappelletti
|9=ZIZZA Vittorio
|8=Gianluca Castaldi
}}
|9=]
| -
|10=Lello Ciampolillo
| {{collapsible list|title=1
|11=Andrea Cioffi
|1=COMPAGNA Luigi
|12=Roberto Cotti
|13=Vito Claudio Crimi
|14=Daniela Donno
|15=Giovanni Endrizzi
|16=]
|17=Luigi Gaetti
|18=]
|19=Gianni Girotto
|20=]
|21=Stefano Lucidi
|22=Giovanna Mangili
|23=]
|24=Bruno Marton
|25=]
|26=Vilma Moronese
|27=Nicola Morra
|28=Paolo Nugnes
|29=Sara Paglini
|30=Vito Petrocelli
|31=Sergio Puglia
|32=Vincenzo Santagelo
|33=Marco Scibona
|34=Manuela Serra
|35=]
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|New Centre-Right}}|border=silver}} ]
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title= 26
| -
|1=]
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title= 34
|2=Fabiola Anitori
|1=ALICATA Bruno
|3=Antonio Azzollini
|2=AMIDEI Bartolomeo
|4=Laura Bianconi
|3=ARACRI Francesco
|5=Giovanni Bilardi
|4=BERNINI Anna Maria
|6=]
|5=BERTACCO Stefano
|7=]
|6=BOCCA Bernabò
|8=]
|7=CALIENDO Giacomo
|9=Federica Chiavaroli
|8=CARDIELLO Franco
|10=Francesco Colucci
|9=CARRARO Franco
|11=Franco Conte
|10=CERONI Remigio
|12=Mario Dalla Tor
|11=D’ALÌ Antonio
|13=Vincenzo D'Ascola
|12=DE SIANO Domenico
|14=]
|13=FASANO Vincenzo
|15=Ulisse Di Giacomo
|14=FAZZONE Claudio
|16=Antonio Gentile
|15=FLORIS Emilio
|17=Marcello Gualdani
|16=GASPARRI Maurizio
|18=Bruno Mancuso
|17=GHEDINI Niccolò
|19=Salvatore Margiotta
|18=GIBIINO Vincenzo
|20=Luigi Marino
|19=GIRO Francesco Maria
|21=Pippo Pagano
|20=MALAN Lucio
|22=Luciano Rossi
|21=MANDELLI Andrea
|23=]
|22=MARIN Marco
|24=Salvatore Torrisi
|23=MATTEOLI Altero
|25=Simona Vicari
|24=MESSINA Alfredo
|26=Guide Viceconti
|25=MINZOLINI Augusto
|26=PALMA Nitto Francesco
|27=PELINO Paola
|28=RIZZOTTI Maria
|29=ROMANI Paolo
|30=ROSSI Mariarosaria
|31=SCOMA Francesco
|32=SERAFINI Giancarlo
|33=SIBILIA Cosimo
|34=ZUFFADA Sante
}} }}
| - | –
| –
|{{collapsible list|title= 6 |{{collapsible list|title= 6
|1=]
|1=BOCCARDI Michele
|2=Aldo Di Biagio
|2=GALIMBERTI Paolo
|3=Stefano Esposito
|3= PICCOLI Giovanni
|4=]
|4= RAZZI Antonio
|5=Giuseppe Marinello
|5= SCIASCIA Salvatore
|6=]
|6= SCILIPOTI Domenico
}}
|-
|{{color box|{{party color|Union of the Centre (2002)}}|border=silver}} ] - ]
|{{collapsible list|title= 4
|1=D’ONGHIA Angela
|2=DAVICO Michelino
|3=NACCARATO Paolo
|4=VILLARI Riccardo
}}
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" | {{collapsible list|title= 9
|1=AUGELLO Andrea
|2=CARIDI Antonio Stefano
|3=CASALETTO Monica
|4=DE PIN Paola
|5=FERRARA Mario Francesco
|6=GIOVANARDI Carlo
|7=MAURO Giovanni
|8=MAURO Mario
|9=QUAGLIARIELLO Gaetano
}}
| -
|{{collapsible list|title= 2
|1=PEPE Bartolomeo
|2=TREMONTI Giulio
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Other}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|Other}}|border=silver}} ]
|{{collapsible list|title= 5 |{{collapsible list|title= 5
|1=BENCINI Alessandra |1=Alessandra Bencini
|2=]
|2=DELLA VEDOVA Benedetto
|3=FUCKSIA Serenella |3=Serenella Fucksia
|4=] |4=]
|5=ROMANI Maurizio |5=Maurizio Romani
}} }}
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title= 10 | style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title= 10
|1=BIGNAMI Laura |1=Laura Bignami
|2=BOCCHINO Fabrizio |2=Fabrizio Bocchino
|3=CAMPANELLA Francesco |3=Francesco Campanella
|4=CERVELLINI Massimo |4=Massimo Cervellini
|5=Peppe De Cristofaro
|5=DE CRISTOFARO Peppe
|6=]
|6=DE PETRIS Loredana
|7=MASTRANGELI Marino Germano |7=Marino Mastrangeli
|8=MUSSINI Maria |8=Maria Mussini
|9=PETRAGLIA Alessia |9=Alessia Petraglia
|10=ROSSI Maurizio Giuseppe |10=Maurizio Rossi
}} }}
| - | –
|{{collapsible list|title= 11 |{{collapsible list|title= 11
|1=BAROZZINO Giovanni |1=Giovanni Barozzino
|2=Raffaela Bellot
|2=BELLOT Raffaella
|3=BISINELLA Patrizia |3=Patrizia Bisinella
|4=Cristina De Pietro
|4=DE PIETRO Cristina
|5=MINEO Corradino |5=]
|6=MOLINARI Francesco |6=Francesco Molinari
|7=MUNERATO Emanuela |7=Emanuela Munerato
|8=SIMEONI Ivana |8=Ivana Simeone
|9=STEFANO Dario |9=]
|10=URAS Luciano |10=Luciano Uras
|11=VACCIANO Giuseppe |11=Giuseppe Vacciano
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Lega Nord}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|Other}}|border=silver}} ]
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title= 12
| -
|1=Lorenzo Battista
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title= 9
|2=Hans Berger
|1=]
|3=Enrico Buemi
|2=CANDIANI Stefano
|4=Vittorio Fravezzi
|3=CENTINAIO Gian Marco
|5=Albert Laniece
|4=COMAROLI Silvana
|6=Fausto Longo
|5=CONSIGLIO Nunziante
|7=]
|6=CROSIO Jonny
|8=]
|7=STEFANI Erika
|9=Luis Alberto Orellana
|8=TOSATO Paolo
|10=Francesco Palermo
|9=VOLPI Raffaele
|11=Lucio Romano
|12=Karl Zeller
}} }}
| - | –
| –
|{{collapsible list|title= 3
|{{collapsible list|title= 8
|1=ARRIGONI Paolo
|1=]
|2=DIVINA Sergio
|2=]
|3=STUCCHI Giacomo
|3=Maria Paola Merloni
|4=]
|5=]
|6=]
|7=]
|8=]
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|Liberal Popular Alliance}}|border=silver}} ]
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=18
| -
|1=Francesco Maria Amoruso
| -
|2=Domenico Auricchio
| -
|3=]
| style="background-color:#D2D2D2;" |{{collapsible list|title= 35
|4=]
|1=AIROLA Alberto
|5=Giuseppe Compagnone
|2=BERTOROTTA Ornella
|6=Riccardo Conti
|3=BLUNDO Rosetta Enza
|7=Vincenzo D'Anna
|4=BOTTICI Laura
|8=Ciro Falanga
|5=BUCCARELLA Maurizio
|9=Adele Gambaro
|6=BULGARELLI Elisa
|10=Pietro Iurlaro
|7=CAPPELLETTI Enrico
|11=Pietro Langella
|8=CASTALDI Gianluca
|12=Eva Longo
|9=CATALFO Nunzia
|13=Riccardo Mazzoni
|10=CIAMPOLILLO Alfonso
|14=Lionello Marco Pagnoncelli
|11=CIOFFI Andrea
|15=Enrico Piccinelli
|12=COTTI Roberto
|16=Manuela Repetti
|13=CRIMI Vito Claudio
|17=Giuseppe Ruvolo
|14=DONNO Daniela
|18=]
|15=ENDRIZZI Giovanni
}}
|16=FATTORI Elena
| –
|17=GAETTI Luigi
| –
|18=GIARRUSSO Mario Michele
| {{collapsible list|title=1
|19=GIROTTO Gianni
|1=Antonio Scavone
|20=LEZZI Barbara
|21=LUCIDI Stefano
|22=MANGILI Giovanna
|23=MARTELLI Carlo
|24=MARTON Bruno
|25=MONTEVECCHI Michela
|26=MORONESE Vilma
|27=MORRA Nicola
|28=NUGNES Paola
|29=PAGLINI Sara
|30=PETROCELLI Vito
|31=PUGLIA Sergio
|32=SANTANGELO Vincenzo
|33=SCIBONA Marco
|34=SERRA Manuela
|35=TAVERNA Paola
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|Union of the Centre (2002)}}|border=silver}} ]
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=108 |{{collapsible list|title= 4
|1=Michelino Davico
|1=ALBANO Donatella
|2=Angela D'Onghia
|2=AMATI Silvana
|3=Paolo Naccarato
|3=ANGIONI Ignazio
|4=ASTORRE Bruno |4=Riccardo Villari
|5=BERTUZZI Maria Teresa
|6=BIANCO Amedeo
|7=BORIOLI Daniele Gaetano
|8=BROGLIA Claudio
|9=BUBBICO Filippo
|10=CALEO Massimo
|11=CANTINI Laura
|12=CAPACCHIONE Rosaria
|13=CARDINALI Valeria
|14=CHITI Vannino
|15=]
|16=COCIANCICH Roberto
|17=COLLINA Stefano
|18=CORSINI Paolo
|19=CUCCA Giuseppe Luigi
|20=CUOMO Vincenzo
|21=D’ADDA Erica
|22=DALLA ZUANNA Gianpiero
|23=DE BIASI Emilia Grazia
|24=DEL BARBA Mauro
|25=DI GIORGI Rosa Maria
|26=DIRINDIN Nerina
|27=ESPOSITO Stefano
|28=FABBRI Camilla
|29=FASIOLO Laura
|30=FATTORINI Emma
|31=FAVERO Nicoletta
|32=FERRARA Elena
|33=FILIPPI Marco
|34=FILIPPIN Rosanna
|35=FINOCCHIARO Anna
|36=FISSORE Elena
|37=FORNARO Federico
|38=GATTI Maria Grazia
|39=GIACOBBE Francesco
|40=GIANNINI Stefania
|41=GINETTI Nadia
|42=GOTOR Miguel
|43=GRANAIOLA Manuela
|44=] (])
|45=GUERRA Maria Cecilia
|46=GUERRIERI PALEOTTI Paolo
|47=ICHINO Pietro
|48=IDEM Josefa
|49=LAI Bachisio Silvio
|50=LANZILLOTTA Linda
|51=LATORRE Nicola
|52=LEPRI Stefano
|53=LO GIUDICE Sergio
|54=LO MORO Doris
|55=LUCHERINI Carlo
|56=LUMIA Giuseppe
|57=MANASSERO Patrizia
|58=MARAN Alessandro
|59=MARCUCCI Andrea
|60=MARINO Mauro Maria
|61=MARTINI Claudio
|62=MATTESINI Donatella
|63=MATURANI Giuseppina
|64=MICHELONI Claudio
|65=MIGLIAVACCA Maurizio
|66=MINNITI Marco
|67=MIRABELLI Franco
|68=MORGONI Mario
|69=MOSCARDELLI Claudio
|70=MUCCHETTI Massimo
|71=ORRÙ Pamela
|72=PADUA Venera
|73=PAGLIARI Giorgio
|74=PARENTE Annamaria
|75=PEGORER Carlo
|76=PEZZOPANE Stefania
|77=PIGNEDOLI Leana
|78=PINOTTI Roberta
|79=PIZZETTI Luciano
|80=PUGLISI Francesca
|81=PUPPATO Laura
|82=RANUCCI Raffaele
|83=RICCHIUTI Lucrezia
|84=ROSSI Gianluca
|85=RUSSO Francesco
|86=RUTA Roberto
|87=SAGGESE Angelica
|88=SANGALLI Gian Carlo
|89=SANTINI Giorgio
|90=SCALIA Francesco
|91=SILVESTRO Annalisa
|92=SOLLO Pasquale
|93=SONEGO Lodovico
|94=SPILABOTTE Maria
|95=SPOSETTI Ugo
|96=SUSTA Gianluca
|97=TOCCI Walter
|98=TOMASELLI Salvatore
|99=TONINI Giorgio
|100=TRONTI Mario
|101=TURANO Renato Guerino
|102=VACCARI Stefano
|103=VALDINOSI Mara
|104=VALENTINI Daniela
|105=VATTUONE Vito
|106=VERDUCCI Francesco
|107=ZANDA Luigi
|108=ZANONI Magda Angela
}} }}
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" | {{collapsible list|title= 9
| -
|1=]
| -
|2=Antonio Caridi
|3=Monica Casaletto
|4=Paola De Pin
|5=Mario Ferrara
|6=]
|7=Giovanni Mauro
|8=]
|9=]
}}
| –
|{{collapsible list|title= 2
|1=]
|2=]
}}
|-
|{{color box|{{party color|Lega Nord}}|border=silver}} ]
| –
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title= 9
|1=]
|2=]
|3=]
|4=Silvana Comaroli
|5=Nunziante Consiglio
|6=Jonny Crosio
|7=]
|8=Paolo Tosato
|9=Raffaele Volpi
}}
| –
|{{collapsible list|title= 3 |{{collapsible list|title= 3
|1=CASSON Felice |1=Paolo Arrigoni
|2=Sergio Divina
|2=MANCONI Luigi
|3=]
|3=ZAVOLI Sergio
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Other}}|border=silver}} ] - ] - ] |{{color box|{{party color|Conservatives and Reformists (Italy)}}|border=silver}} ]
| –
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title= 12
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title= 9
|1=BATTISTA Lorenzo
|1=]
|2=BERGER Johann Karl
|2=Francesco Bruni
|3=BUEMI Enrico
|3=Luigi D'Ambrosio Lettieri
|4=FRAVEZZI Vittorio
|4=Salvatore Di Maggio
|5=LANIECE Albert
|5=Pietro Liuzzi
|6=LONGO Fausto Guilherme
|6=]
|7=]
|7=Luigi Perrone
|8=OLIVERO Andrea
|8=Lucio Tarquinio
|9=ORELLANA Luis Alberto
|9=Vittorio Zizza
|10=PALERMO Francesco
|11=ROMANO Lucio
|12=ZELLER Karl
}} }}
| - | –
| {{collapsible list|title=1
| -
|1=Luigi Compagna
|{{collapsible list|title= 8
|1=]}
|2=]
|3=MERLONI Maria Paola
|4=NENCINI Riccardo
|5=PANIZZA Franco
|6=]
|7=]
|8=ZIN Claudio
}} }}
|- |-
|style="text-align:center;"|'''Total'''||{{Yes|'''173'''|align=center}}||style="text-align:center;"|'''71'''||style="text-align:center;"|'''0'''||style="text-align:center;"|'''76''' |style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |'''Total'''||{{Yes|'''173'''|align=center}}||style="text-align:center;"|'''71'''||style="text-align:center;"|'''0'''||style="text-align:center;"|'''76'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | {{percentage|173|320|1}}
| style="text-align:center;" | {{percentage|71|320|1}}
| style="text-align:center;" | {{percentage|0|320|1|pad=yes}}
| style="text-align:center;" | {{percentage|76|320|1}}
|} |}


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|+ 11 May 2016 vote in the Chamber of Deputies (final vote)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/votazione/camera/ddl-unioni-civili-pdl-3634-voto-finale/30904|title=Camera - votazione n. 26 (seduta n. 622 del 11/05/2016)|publisher=openParlamento|language=it|date=25 February 2016|access-date=7 November 2022|archive-date=25 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> |+ 11 May 2016 vote in the ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/votazione/camera/ddl-unioni-civili-pdl-3634-voto-finale/30904|title=Camera - votazione n. 26 (seduta n. 622 del 11/05/2016)|publisher=openParlamento|language=it|date=25 February 2016|access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref>
|- |-
! Parliamentary Group !! style="width:15%;" | Voted for !! Voted against !! Abstained !! Absent (Did not vote) ! style="width:40%;" | Parliamentary group !! style="width:15%;" | Voted for !! Voted against !! Abstained !! Absent (Did not vote)
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|New Centre-Right}}|border=silver}} ] - ] |{{color box|{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}|border=silver}} ]
|{{collapsible list|title=11 | style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=278
|1=BOSCO Antonino |1=Luciano Agostini
|2=Roberta Agostini
|2=BUTTIGLIONE Rocco
|3=Ferdinando Aiello
|3=CALABRÒ Raffaele
|4=Luisella Albanella
|4=CICCHITTO Fabrizio
|5=COSTA Enrico |5=Tea Albini
|6=Maria Amato
|6=LUPI Maurizio Enzo
|7=MAROTTA Antonio |7=Sesa Amici
|8=MINARDO Antonino |8=Sofia Amoddio
|9=Maria Antezza
|9=PIZZOLANTE Sergio
|10=SCOPELLITI Rosanna |10=Michele Anzaldi
|11=VIGNALI Raffaello |11=Ileana Argentin
|12=Tiziano Arlotti
}}
|13=]
|{{collapsible list|title=3
|14=Sebastiano Barbanti
|1=BINETTI Paola
|15=Cristina Bargero
|2=CERA Angelo
|16=Davide Baruffi
|3= PAGANO Alessandro
|17=Lorenzo Basso
|18=Alfredo Bazoli
|19=Lorenzo Becattini
|20=Gianluca Benamati
|21=Paolo Beni
|22=Marco Bergonzi
|23=Marina Berlinghieri
|24=Giuseppe Berretta
|25=Mariastella Bianchi
|26=]
|27=Caterina Bini
|28=Franca Biondelli
|29=Tamara Blazina
|30=Sergio Boccadutri
|31=Gianpieri Bocci
|32=]
|33=Antonio Boccuzzi
|34=Paola Boldrini
|35=Paolo Bolognesi
|36=]
|37=]
|38=Francesca Bonomo
|39=Michele Bordo
|40=Enrico Borghi
|41=Ilaria Borletti Buitoni
|42=]
|43=Luisa Bossa
|44=]
|45=Paola Bragantini
|46=Giorgio Brandolin
|47=Alessandro Bratti
|48=Enza Bruno Bossio
|49=Giovanni Burtone
|50=Vanessa Camani
|51=Micaela Campana
|52=Emanuele Cani
|53=Angelo Capodicasa
|54=Salvatore Capone
|55=Sabrina Capozzolo
|56=Ernesto Carbone
|57=Daniela Cardinale
|58=Renzo Carella
|59=Anna Maria Carloni
|60=Elena Carnevali
|61=Mara Carocci
|62=Marco Carra
|63=Piergiorgio Carrescia
|64=]
|65=Floriana Casellato
|66=Franco Cassano
|67=Antonio Castricone
|68=Marco Causi
|69=]
|70=Khalid Chaouki
|71=Eleonora Cimbro
|72=Laura Coccia
|73=Matteo Colaninno
|74=Miriam Cominelli
|75=Paolo Coppola
|76=Maria Coscia
|77=Paolo Cova
|78=Stefania Covello
|79=Filippo Crimì
|80=Diego Crivellari
|81=]
|82=Tommaso Currò
|83=Luigi Dallai
|84=Gian Pietro Dal Moro
|85=]
|86=Vincenzo D'Arienzo
|87=]
|88=Andrea De Maria
|89=Roger De Menech
|90=]
|91=Marco Di Maio
|92=Vittoria D'Incecco
|93=Titti Di Salvo
|94=Marco Di Stefano
|95=Marco Donati
|96=Umberto D'Ottavio
|97=]
|98=]
|99=Marilena Fabbri
|100=Giovanni Falcone
|101=Luigi Famiglietti
|102=Edoardo Fanucci
|103=]
|104=Gianni Farina
|105=]
|106=Donatella Ferranti
|107=Alan Ferrari
|108=Andrea Ferro
|109=Emauele Fiano
|110=Massimo Fiorio
|111=Cinzia Maria Fontana
|112=Paolo Fontanelli
|113=Filippo Fossati
|114=Gian Mario Fragomeli
|115=]
|116=Silvia Fregolent
|117=FUSILLI Gianluca
|118=Maria Chiara Gadda
|119=Giampaolo Galii
|120=Guido Galperti
|121=Paolo Gandolfi
|122=Laura Garavini
|123=Francesco Saverio Garofani
|124=Daniela Gasparini
|125=Federico Gelli
|126=Manuela Ghizzoni
|127=]
|128=Anna Giacobbe
|129=Antonello Giacomelli
|130=Federico Ginati
|131=Dario Ginefra
|132=Tommaso Ginoble
|133=]
|134=Gregorio Gitti
|135=Fabrizia Giuliani
|136=Giampiero Giulietti
|137=Luisa Gnecchi
|138=Gero Grassi
|139=Maria Gaetana Greco
|140=]
|141=Giuseppe Guerini
|142=]
|143=Mauro Guerra
|144=Maria Iacono
|145=Tino Ianuzzi
|146=Leonardo Impegno
|147=Antonella Incerti
|148=Vanna Iori
|149=Luigi Lacquaniti
|150=]
|151=]
|152=]
|153=Giuseppe Lauricella
|154=Fabio Lavagno
|155=Donata Lenzi
|156=Danilo Leva
|157=Emanuele Lodolini
|158=]
|159=]
|160=Patrizia Maestri
|161=Ernesto Magorno
|162=Gianna Malisani
|163=]
|164=Andrea Manciulli
|165=Massimilianno Manfredi
|166=Irene Manzi
|167=Daniele Marantelli
|168=Marco Marchetti
|169=Maino Marchi
|170=Raffaella Mariani
|171=Elisa Mariano
|172=Siro Marrocu
|173=Umberto Marroni
|174=]
|175=Pierdomenico Martino
|176=Federico Massa
|177=Davide Mattielo
|178=]
|179=Alessandro Mazzoli
|180=Fabio Melilli
|181=Marco Meloni
|182=Michele Pompeo Meta
|183=Marco Miccoli
|184=]
|185=Emiliano Minnucci
|186=Anna Margherita Miotto
|187=]
|188=Michele Mognato
|189=Francesco Monaco
|190=Colomba Mongiello
|191=Daniele Montroni
|192=]
|193=]
|194=]
|195=Antonino Moscatt
|196=Romina Mura
|197=Delia Murer
|198=Alessandro Naccarato
|199=Martina Nardi
|200=Giulia Narduolo
|201=]
|202=Nicodemo Oliverio
|203=]
|204=Alberto Pagani
|205=]
|206=Valentina Paris
|207=Dario Parrini
|208=Edoardo Patriarca
|209=Michele Pelillo
|210=]
|211=Caterina Pes
|212=Paolo Petrini
|213=Ileana Piazzoni
|214=Flavia Piccoli Nardelli
|215=Giorgio Piccolo
|216=Salvatore Piccolo
|217=Nazzareno Pilozzi
|218=Giuditta Pini
|219=]
|220=]
|221=Fabio Porta
|222=]
|223=Francesco Prina
|224=]
|225=Fausto Raciti
|226=Michele Ragosta
|227=Roberto Rampi
|228=]
|229=]
|230=]
|231=Andrea Rigoni
|232=Maria Grazia Rocchi
|233=Giuseppe Romanini
|234=]
|235=]
|236=Paolo Rossi
|237=]
|238=Michela Rostan
|239=]
|240=Alessia Rotta
|241=Simonetta Rubinato
|242=Angelo Rughetti
|243=Giovanni Sanga
|244=Luca Sani
|245=Francesco Sanna
|246=Giovanna Sanna
|247=]
|248=]
|249=Gea Schirò
|250=Chiara Scuvera
|251=]
|252=Camilla Sgambato
|253=]
|254=]
|255=Nicola Stumpo
|256=Alessio Tacconi
|257=Luigi Taranto
|258=Giacomino Taricco
|259=Assunta Tartaglione
|260=Veronica Tentori
|261=Alessandra Terrosi
|262=Marietta Tidei
|263=]
|264=Mario Tullo
|265=]
|266=Simone Valiante
|267=Franco Vazio
|268=Silvia Velo
|269=Laura Venittelli
|270=]
|271=]
|272=]
|273=]
|274=]
|275=Giorgio Zanin
|276=Giuseppe Zappulla
|277=Diego Zardini
|278=Davide Zoggia
}} }}
| –
|{{collapsible list|title=1 |{{collapsible list|title=1
|1=Demetrio Battaglia
|1=DE MITA Giuseppe
}} }}
| style="background-color:#D2D2D2;" |{{collapsible list|title=16 |{{collapsible list|title=22
|1=]
|1=ADORNATO Ferdinando
|2=] |2=]
|3=]
|3=ALFANO Gioacchino
|4=]
|4=ALLI Paolo
|5=Luigi Bobba
|5=BERNARDO Maurizio
|6=Gianclaudio Bressa
|6=BIANCHI Dorina
|7=CASERO Luigi |7=Ezio Casati
|8=Bruno Censore
|8=CASTIGLIONE Giuseppe
|9=CAUSIN Andrea |9=Magda Culotta
|10=D’ALIA Gianpiero |10=Antonio Cuomo
|11=Umberto Del Basso De Caro
|11=GAROFALO Vincenzo
|12=LORENZIN Beatrice |12=Giuseppe Fioroni
|13=MISURACA Salvatore |13=]
|14=PICCONE Filippo |14=]
|15=SAMMARCO Gianfranco |15=]
|16=TANCREDI Paolo |16=Alberto Losacco
|17=]
|18=Teresa Piccione
|19=Ernesto Preziosi
|20=Gian Piero Scanu
|21=Angelo Senaldi
|22=Rosa Maria Villecco
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Civic Choice}}|border=silver}} ] (formerly ]) |{{color box|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|border=silver}} ]
| –
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=14
| –
|1=BOMBASSEI Alberto
| style="background-color:#FFD;" |{{collapsible list|title=78
|2=CAPUA Ilaria
|1=]
|3=D’AGOSTINO Angelo
|2=Ferdinando Alberti
|4=GALGANO Adriana
|3=Massimo Enrico Baroni
|5=LIBRANDI Gianfranco
|4=Tatiana Basilio
|6=MATARRESE Salvatore
|5=Sergio Battelli
|7=MAZZIOTTI DI CELSO Andrea
|6=]
|8=MOLEA Bruno
|7=Massimiliano Bernini
|9=MONCHIERO Giovanni
|8=Paolo Bernini
|10=OLIARO Roberta
|9=Nicola Bianchi
|11=PALLADINO Giovanni
|10=]
|12=RABINO Mariano
|11=Giuseppe Brescia
|13=VARGIU Pierpaolo
|12=Marco Brugnerotto
|14=VEZZALI Valentina
|13=Mirko Busto
|14=Francesco Cariello
|15=Paola Carinelli
|16=Vincenzo Caso
|17=]
|18=Andrea Cecconi
|19=Silvia Chimienti
|20=Tiziana Ciprini
|21=Andrea Colletti
|22=Vega Colonnese
|23=Claudio Cominardi
|24=Emanuela Corda
|25=Emanuele Cozzolino
|26=Davide Crippa
|27=]
|28=Federica Daga
|29=Giuseppe D'Ambrosio
|30=Marco Da Villa
|31=Daniele Del Grosso
|32=Ivan Della Valle
|33=Diego De Lorenzis
|34=Massimo De Rosa
|35=Alessandro Di Battista
|36=]
|37=]
|38=]
|39=Giulia Di Vita
|40=Francesco D'Uva
|41=]
|42=Vittorio Ferraresi
|43=]
|44=Luca Frusone
|45=Filippo Gallinella
|46=Luigi Gallo
|47=Silvia Giordano
|48=]
|49=]
|50=]
|51=Mirella Liuzzi
|52=]
|53=Marialucia Lorefice
|54=Loredana Lupo
|55=Claudia Mannino
|56=]
|57=Maria Marzana
|58=Salvatore Micillo
|59=Dalila Nesci
|60=Riccardo Nuti
|61=Daniele Pesco
|62=Cosimo Petraroli
|63=Gianluca Rizzo
|64=Paolo Romano
|65=]
|66=Giulia Sarti
|67=]
|68=]
|69=Arianna Spessotto
|70=Patrizia Terzoni
|71=]
|72=Davide Tripiedi
|73=Gianluca Vacca
|74=Simone Valente
|75=Andrea Vallascas
|76=Stefano Vignaroli
|77=Alessio Villarosa
|78=Alberto Zolezzi
}} }}
|{{collapsible list|title=13
| -
|1=Francesca Businarolo
| -
|2=]
|{{collapsible list|title=6
|3=Matteo Dall'Osso
|1=CATANIA Mario
|4=]
|2=CESARO Antimo
|5=Chiara Di Benedetto
|3=DAMBRUOSO Stefano
|6=]
|4=SOTTANELLI Giulio
|7=]
|5=VECCHIO Andrea
|8=Chiara Gagnarli
|6=ZANETTI Enrico
|9=Paolo Parentela
|10=Girolamo Pisano
|11=Emanuele Scagliusi
|12=]
|13=Angelo Tofalo
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Solidary Democracy}}|border=silver}} ] - ] |{{color box|{{party color|Other}}|border=silver}} ]
|{{collapsible list|title=4 | style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title= 28
|1=Ignazio Abrignani
|1=CAPELLI Roberto
|2=Daniel Alfreider
|2=MARAZZITI Mario
|3=Maurizio Bianconi
|3=SANTERINI Milena
|4=] |4=]
|5=Franco Bruno
|6=Renata Bueno
|7=]
|8=Ivan Catalano
|9=Luca D'Alessandro
|10=Lello Di Gioia
|11=Marco Di Lello
|12=]
|13=]
|14=Alessandro Furnari
|15=]
|16=Vincenza Labriola
|17=]
|18=Marco Marcolin
|19=]
|20=Giovanni Mottola
|21=]
|22=Mauro Ottobre
|23=Massimo Parisi
|24=Oreste Pastorelli
|25=]
|26=Albrecht Plangger
|27=Aris Prodani
|28=]
}} }}
|{{collapsible list|title=2 |{{collapsible list|title= 11
|1=Matteo Bragantini
|1=GIGLI Gian Luigi
|2=Gianfranco Giovanni Chiarelli
|2=SBERNA Mario
|3=Nicola Ciracì
|4=Antonio Distaso
|5=Cosimo Latronico
|6=Rudi Marguerettaz
|7=Roberto Marti
|8=Rocco Palese
|9=Mauro Pili
|10=Emanuele Prataviera
|11=]
}} }}
|{{collapsible list|title=4 |{{collapsible list|title= 13
|1=Trifone Altieri
|1=BARADELLO Maurizio
|2=DELLAI Lorenzo |2=Massimo Artini
|3=Marco Baldassarre
|3=FAUTTILLI Federico
|4=]
|4=PIEPOLI Gaetano
|5=]
|6=]
|7=Cristian Iannuzzi
|8=Carmelo Lo Monte
|9=Toni Matarrelli
|10=]
|11=]
|12=Samuele Segoni
|13=Tancredi Turco
}} }}
|{{collapsible list|title=3 |{{collapsible list|title= 10
|1=CARUSO Mario |1=Roberto Caon
|2=Massimo Corsaro
|2=NISSOLI Angela Rosaria detta Fucsia
|3=Benedetto Fucci
|3=ROSSI Domenico
|4=Giuseppe Galati
|5=Patrizia Maestri
|6=]
|7=Edoardo Nesi
|8=]
|9=Manfred Schullian
|10=]
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}|border=silver}} ]
|{{collapsible list|title=10 |{{collapsible list|title=10
|1=CARFAGNA Mara |1=]
|2=Elena Centemero
|2=DE GIROLAMO Nunzia
|3=]
|3=PALMIZIO Elio Massimo
|4=LAINATI Giorgio |4=Giorgio Lainati
|5=Lorena Milanato
|5=CENTEMERO Elena
|6=Elio Massimo Palmizio
|6=RAVETTO Laura
|7=]
|7=PRESTIGIACOMO Stefania
|8=]
|8=POLVERINI Renata
|9=]
|9=MILANATO Lorena
|10=VITO Elio |10=]
}} }}
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title= 21 | style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title= 21
|1=BIASOTTI Sandro |1=Sandro Biosotti
|2=BRUNETTA Renato |2=]
|3=Francesco Catanoso
|3=CATANOSO Basilio
|4=CRIMI Rocco |4=Rocco Crimi
|5=Fabrizio Di Stefano
|5=DI STEFANO Fabrizio
|6=FONTANA Gregorio |6=Gregorio Fontana
|7=]
|7=GARNERO SANTANCHÈ Daniela
|8=GIACOMONI Sestino |8=Sestino Giacomoni
|9=GIORGETTI Alberto |9=]
|10=LAFFRANCO Pietro |10=Pietro Laffranco
|11=LONGO Piero |11=Piero Longo
|12=OCCHIUTO Roberto |12=]
|13=PALMIERI Antonio |13=Antonio Palmieri
|14=POLIDORI Catia |14=Catia Polidori
|15=SARRO Carlo |15=Carlo Sarro
|16=SAVINO Sandra |16=Sandra Savino
|17=SECCO Dino |17=Dino Secco
|18=SISTO Francesco Paolo |18=Francesco Paolo Sisto
|19=SQUERI Luca |19=Luca Squeri
|20=VALENTINI Valentino |20=Valentino Valentini
|21=VELLA Paolo |21=Paolo Vella
}} }}
|{{collapsible list|title= 2 |{{collapsible list|title= 2
|1=BALDELLI Simone |1=]
|2=]
|2=GIAMMANCO Gabriella
}} }}
|{{collapsible list|title= 20 |{{collapsible list|title= 20
|1=ANGELUCCI Antonio |1=]
|2=ARCHI Bruno |2=Bruno Archi
|3=BERGAMINI Deborah |3=]
|4=BIANCOFIORE Michaela |4=]
|5=BRAMBILLA Michela Vittoria |5=]
|6=CALABRIA Annagrazia |6=]
|7=CASTIELLO Giuseppina |7=Giuseppina Castiello
|8=CESARO Luigi |8=Luigi Cesaro
|9=GALLO AFFLITTO Riccardo Antonio |9=Riccardo Gallo
|10=GELMINI Mariastella |10=]
|11=GENOVESE Francantonio |11=Francantonio Genovese
|12=GULLO Maria Tindara |12=Maria Tindara Gullo
|13=MARTINELLI Marco |13=Marco Martinelli
|14=MARTINO Antonio |14=]
|15=NIZZI Settimo |15=Settimo Nizzi
|16=ROMELE Giuseppe |16=Giuseppe Romele
|17=ROTONDI Gianfranco |17=]
|18=RUSSO Paolo |18=Paolo Russo
|19=SANTELLI Jole |19=]
|20=SAVINO Elvira |20=Elvira Savino
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|New Centre-Right}}|border=silver}} ]
|{{collapsible list|title=11
| -
|1=Antonino Bosco
|{{collapsible list|title= 1
|2=]
|1=RAMPELLI Fabio
|3=Raffaele Calabrò
|4=]
|5=]
|6=]
|7=Antonio Marotta
|8=Antonino Minardo
|9=Sergio Pizzolante
|10=Rosanna Scopelliti
|11=Raffaello Vignali
}}
|{{collapsible list|title=3
|1=]
|2=Angelo Cera
|3=Alessandro Pagano
}}
|{{collapsible list|title=1
|1=]
}} }}
| style="background-color:#FFE;" |{{collapsible list|title=16
| -
|1=]
| style="background-color:#D2D2D2;" |{{collapsible list|title= 9
|2=]
|1=CIRIELLI Edmondo
|3=Gioacchino Alfano
|2=]
|4=Paolo Alli
|3=MAIETTA Pasquale
|5=Maurizio Bernardo
|4=]
|6=Dorina Bianchi
|5=NASTRI Gaetano
|7=Luigi Casero
|6=PETRENGA Giovanna
|8=]
|7=RAMPELLI Fabio
|9=]
|8=RIZZETTO Walter
|10=]
|9=TOTARO Achille
|11=Vincenzo Garofalo
|12=Beatrice Lorenzin
|13=Dore Misuraca
|14=Filippo Piccone
|15=Gianfranco Sammarco
|16=Paolo Tancredi
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Other}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|Left Ecology Freedom}}|border=silver}} ] – ]
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title= 28 | style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=27
|1=Giorgio Airaudo
|1=ABRIGNANI Ignazio
|2=ALFREIDER Daniel |2=Franco Bordo
|3=Celestina Costantino
|3=BIANCONI Maurizio
|4=Alfredo D'Attorre
|4=BORGHESE Mario
|5=Donatella Duranti
|5=BRUNO Franco
|6=BUENO Renata |6=Daniele Farina
|7=]
|7=CAPEZZONE Daniele
|8=CATALANO Ivan |8=Vincenzo Folino
|9=]
|9=D’ALESSANDRO Luca
|10=]
|10=DI GIOIA Raffaele
|11=Giancarlo Giordano
|11=DI LELLO Marco
|12=FAENZI Monica |12=Monica Gregori
|13=Florian Kronbichler
|13=FORMISANO Aniello
|14=FURNARI Alessandro |14=Giulio Marcon
|15=GEBHARD Renate |15=Giovanna Martelli
|16=LABRIOLA Vincenza |16=Gianni Melilla
|17=LOCATELLI Pia |17=Marisa Nicchi
|18=MARCOLIN Marco |18=Marisa Nicchi
|19=MARZANO Michela |19=Erasmo Palazzotto
|20=Annalisa Pannarale
|20=MOTTOLA Giovanni Carlo Francesco
|21=MUCCI Mara |21=Serena Pellegrino
|22=OTTOBRE Mauro |22=Michele Piras
|23=PARISI Massimo |23=Antonio Placido
|24=PASTORELLI Oreste |24=Stefano Quaranta
|25=PISICCHIO Pino |25=Lara Ricciatti
|26=PLANGGER Albrecht |26=]
|27=PRODANI Aris |27=Adriano Zaccagnini
|28=ROMANO Francesco Saverio
}} }}
| –
|{{collapsible list|title= 11
| –
|1=BRAGANTINI Matteo
|{{collapsible list|title=4
|2=CHIARELLI Gianfranco
|1=]
|3=CIRACÌ Nicola
|2=Francesco Ferrara
|4=DISTASO Antonio
|3=]
|5=LATRONICO Cosimo
|4=Filiberto Zaratti
|6=MARGUERETTAZ Rudi Franco
|7=MARTI Roberto
|8=PALESE Rocco
|9=PILI Mauro
|10=PRATAVIERA Emanuele
|11=ROCCELLA Eugenia Maria
}} }}
|-
|{{collapsible list|title= 13
|{{color box|{{party color|Civic Choice}}|border=silver}} ]
|1=ALTIERI Trifone
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=14
|2=ARTINI Massimo
|1=]
|3=BALDASSARRE Marco
|2=]
|4=BECHIS Eleonora
|3=Angelo Antonio D'Agostino
|5=BRIGNONE Beatrice
|4=Adriana Galgano
|6=CIVATI Giuseppe
|5=Gianfranco Librandi
|7=IANNUZZI Cristian
|6=Salvatore Matarrese
|8=LO MONTE Carmelo
|7=Andrea Mazziotti Di Celso
|9=MATARRELLI Antonio
|8=Bruno Molea
|10=PASTORINO Luca
|9=Giovanni Monchiero
|11=QUINTARELLI Stefano
|10=Roberta Oliaro
|12=SEGONI Samuele
|11=Giovanni Palladino
|13=TURCO Tancredi
|12=Mariano Rabino
|13=Pierpaolo Vargiu
|14=]
}} }}
| –
|{{collapsible list|title= 10
| –
|1=CAON Roberto
|{{collapsible list|title=6
|2=CORSARO Massimo
|1=]
|3=FUCCI Benedetto
|2=Antimo Cesaro
|4=GALATI Giuseppe
|3=Stefano Dambruoso
|5=MAESTRI Andrea
|4=Giulio Cesare Sottanelli
|6=MERLO Ricardo Antonio
|5=Andrea Vecchio
|7=NESI Edoardo
|6=]
|8=PISO Vincenzo
|9=SCHULLIAN Manfred
|10=VACCARO Guglielmo
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Lega Nord}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|Lega Nord}}|border=silver}} ]
| - | –
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title=13 | style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list|title=13
|1=ALLASIA Stefano |1=Stefano Allasia
|2=BORGHESI Stefano |2=Stefano Borghesi
|3=] |3=]
|4=BUSIN Filippo |4=Filippo Busin
|5=CAPARINI Davide |5=]
|6=FEDRIGA Massimiliano |6=]
|7=] |7=]
|8=GUIDESI Guido |8=Guido Guidesi
|9=INVERNIZZI Cristian |9=]
|10=MOLTENI Nicola |10=]
|11=RONDINI Marco |11=Marco Rondini
|12=SALTAMARTINI Barbara |12=Barbara Saltamartini
|13=SIMONETTI Roberto |13=Roberto Simonetti
}} }}
| - | –
|{{collapsible list|title= 4 |{{collapsible list|title= 4
|1=ATTAGUILE Angelo |1=Angelo Attaguile
|2=GRIMOLDI Paolo |2=Paolo Grimoldi
|3=PICCHI Guglielmo |3=]
|4=PINI Gianluca |4=Gianluca Pini
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Five Star Movement}}|border=silver}} ] |{{color box|{{party color|Solidary Democracy}}|border=silver}} ] – ]
|style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=4
| -
|1=Roberto Capelli
| -
|2=]
| style="background-color:#D2D2D2;" |{{collapsible list|title=78
|3=Milena Santerini
|1=AGOSTINELLI Donatella
|4=]
|2=ALBERTI Ferdinando
|3=BARONI Massimo Enrico
|4=BASILIO Tatiana
|5=BATTELLI Sergio
|6=BENEDETTI Silvia
|7=BERNINI Massimiliano
|8=BERNINI Paolo
|9=BIANCHI Nicola
|10=BONAFEDE Alfonso
|11=BRESCIA Giuseppe
|12=BRUGNEROTTO Marco
|13=BUSTO Mirko
|14=CARIELLO Francesco
|15=CARINELLI Paola
|16=CASO Vincenzo
|17=CASTELLI Laura
|18=CECCONI Andrea
|19=CHIMIENTI Silvia
|20=CIPRINI Tiziana
|21=COLLETTI Andrea
|22=COLONNESE Vega
|23=COMINARDI Claudio
|24=CORDA Emanuela
|25=COZZOLINO Emanuele
|26=CRIPPA Davide
|27=D’AMBROSIO Giuseppe
|28=D’INCÀ Federico
|29=D’UVA Francesco
|30=DA VILLA Marco
|31=DADONE Fabiana
|32=DAGA Federica
|33=DE LORENZIS Diego
|34=DE ROSA Massimo
|35=DEL GROSSO Daniele
|36=DELLA VALLE Ivan
|37=DI BATTISTA Alessandro
|38=DI STEFANO Manlio
|39=DI VITA Giulia
|40=DIENI Federica
|41=FANTINATI Mattia
|42=FERRARESI Vittorio
|43=FRACCARO Riccardo
|44=FRUSONE Luca
|45=GALLINELLA Filippo
|46=GALLO Luigi
|47=GIORDANO Silvia
|48=GRANDE Marta
|49=GRILLO Giulia
|50=L’ABBATE Giuseppe
|51=LIUZZI Mirella
|52=LOMBARDI Roberta
|53=LOREFICE Marialucia
|54=LUPO Loredana
|55=MANNINO Claudia
|56=MANTERO Matteo
|57=MARZANA Maria
|58=MICILLO Salvatore
|59=NESCI Dalila
|60=NUTI Riccardo
|61=PESCO Daniele
|62=PETRAROLI Cosimo
|63=RIZZO Gianluca
|64=ROMANO Paolo Nicolò
|65=RUOCCO Carla
|66=SARTI Giulia
|67=SIBILIA Carlo
|68=SORIAL Girgis Giorgio
|69=SPESSOTTO Arianna
|70=TERZONI Patrizia
|71=TONINELLI Danilo
|72=TRIPIEDI Davide
|73=VACCA Gianluca
|74=VALENTE Simone
|75=VALLASCAS Andrea
|76=VIGNAROLI Stefano
|77=VILLAROSA Alessio
|78=ZOLEZZI Alberto
}} }}
|{{collapsible list|title=13 |{{collapsible list|title=2
|1=Gian Luigi Gigli
|1=BUSINAROLO Francesca
|2=Mario Sberna
|2=CANCELLERI Azzurra
|3=DALL’OSSO Matteo
|4=DELL’ORCO Michele
|5=DI BENEDETTO Chiara
|6=]
|7=]
|8=GAGNARLI Chiara
|9=PARENTELA Paolo
|10=PISANO Girolamo
|11=SCAGLUISI Emanuele
|12=SPADONI Maria Edera
|13=TOFALO Angelo
}} }}
|style="background-color:#FFD;" |{{collapsible list|title=4
|-
|1=Maurizio Baradello
|{{color box|{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}|border=silver}} ]
|2=]
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=278
|3=Federico Fauttilli
|1=AGOSTINI Luciano
|4=Gaetano Piepoli
|2=AGOSTINI Roberta
|3=AIELLO Ferdinando
|4=ALBANELLA Luisella
|5=ALBINI Tea
|6=AMATO Maria
|7=AMICI Sesa
|8=AMODDIO Sofia
|9=ANTEZZA Maria
|10=ANZALDI Michele
|11=ARGENTIN Ileana
|12=ARLOTTI Tiziano
|13=ASCANI Anna
|14=BARBANTI Sebastiano
|15=BARGERO Cristina
|16=BARUFFI Davide
|17=BASSO Lorenzo
|18=BAZOLI Alfredo
|19=BECATTINI Lorenzo
|20=BENAMATI Gianluca
|21=BENI Paolo
|22=BERGONZI Marco
|23=BERLINGHIERI Marina
|24=BERRETTA Giuseppe
|25=BIANCHI Stella
|26=]
|27=BINI Caterina
|28=BIONDELLI Franca Maria Grazia
|29=BLAZINA Tamara
|30=BOCCADUTRI Sergio
|31=BOCCI Gianpiero
|32=BOCCIA Francesco
|33=BOCCUZZI Antonio
|34=BOLDRINI Paola
|35=BOLOGNESI Paolo
|36=BONACCORSI Lorenza
|37=BONIFAZI Francesco
|38=BONOMO Francesca
|39=BORDO Michele
|40=BORGHI Enrico
|41=BORLETTI BUITONI Ilaria
|42=BOSCHI Maria Elena
|43=BOSSA Luisa
|44=BRAGA Chiara
|45=BRAGANTINI Paola
|46=BRANDOLIN Giorgio
|47=BRATTI Alessandro
|48=BRUNO BOSSIO Enza
|49=BURTONE Giovanni Mario Salvino
|50=CAMANI Vanessa
|51=CAMPANA Micaela
|52=CANI Emanuele
|53=CAPODICASA Angelo
|54=CAPONE Salvatore
|55=CAPOZZOLO Sabrina
|56=CARBONE Ernesto
|57=CARDINALE Daniela
|58=CARELLA Renzo
|59=CARLONI Anna Maria
|60=CARNEVALI Elena
|61=CAROCCI Mara
|62=CARRA Marco
|63=CARRESCIA Piergiorgio
|64=CARROZZA Maria Chiara
|65=CASELLATO Floriana
|66=CASSANO Franco
|67=CASTRICONE Antonio
|68=CAUSI Marco
|69=CENNI Susanna
|70=CHAOUKI Khalid
|71=CIMBRO Eleonora
|72=COCCIA Laura
|73=COLANINNO Matteo
|74=COMINELLI Miriam
|75=COPPOLA Paolo
|76=COSCIA Maria
|77=COVA Paolo
|78=COVELLO Stefania
|79=CRIMÌ Filippo
|80=CRIVELLARI Diego
|81=]
|82=CURRÒ Tommaso
|83=D’ARIENZO Vincenzo
|84=D’INCECCO Vittoria
|85=D’OTTAVIO Umberto
|86=DAL MORO Gian Pietro
|87=DALLAI Luigi
|88=DAMIANO Cesare
|89=DE MARIA Andrea
|90=DE MENECH Roger
|91=DE MICHELI Paola
|92=DELL’ARINGA Carlo
|93=DI MAIO Marco
|94=DI SALVO Titti
|95=DI STEFANO Marco
|96=DONATI Marco
|97=]
|98=ERMINI David
|99=FABBRI Marilena
|100=FALCONE Giovanni
|101=FAMIGLIETTI Luigi
|102=FANUCCI Edoardo
|103=FARAONE Davide
|104=FARINA Gianni
|105=FEDI Marco
|106=FERRANTI Donatella
|107=FERRARI Alan
|108=FERRO Andrea
|109=FIANO Emanuele
|110=FIORIO Massimo
|111=FONTANA Cinzia Maria
|112=FONTANELLI Paolo
|113=FOSSATI Filippo
|114=FRAGOMELI Gian Mario
|115=]
|116=FREGOLENT Silvia
|117=FUSILLI Gianluca
|118=GADDA Maria Chiara
|119=GALLI Giampaolo
|120=GALPERTI Guido
|121=GANDOLFI Paolo
|122=GARAVINI Laura
|123=GAROFANI Francesco Saverio
|124=GASPARINI Daniela
|125=GELLI Federico
|126=GHIZZONI Manuela
|127=GIACHETTI Roberto
|128=GIACOBBE Anna
|129=GIACOMELLI Antonello
|130=GINATO Federico
|131=GINEFRA Dario
|132=GINOBLE Tommaso
|133=GIORGIS Andrea
|134=GITTI Gregorio
|135=GIULIANI Fabrizia
|136=GIULIETTI Giampiero
|137=GNECCHI Maria Luisa
|138=GRASSI Gero
|139=GRECO Maria Gaetana
|140=GRIBAUDO Chiara
|141=GUERINI Giuseppe
|142=GUERINI Lorenzo
|143=GUERRA Mauro
|144=IACONO Maria
|145=IANNUZZI Tino
|146=IMPEGNO Leonardo
|147=INCERTI Antonella
|148=IORI Vanna
|149=LA MARCA Francesca
|150=LACQUANITI Luigi
|151=LAFORGIA Francesco
|152=LATTUCA Enzo
|153=LAURICELLA Giuseppe
|154=LAVAGNO Fabio
|155=LENZI Donata
|156=LEVA Danilo
|157=LODOLINI Emanuele
|158=LOTTI Luca
|159=MADIA Maria Anna
|160=MAESTRI Patrizia
|161=MAGORNO Ernesto
|162=MALISANI Gianna
|163=MALPEZZI Simona Flavia
|164=MANCIULLI Andrea
|165=MANFREDI Massimiliano
|166=MANZI Irene
|167=MARANTELLI Daniele
|168=MARCHETTI Marco
|169=MARCHI Maino
|170=MARIANI Raffaella
|171=MARIANO Elisa
|172=MARROCU Siro
|173=MARRONI Umberto
|174=MARTELLA Andrea
|175=MARTINO Pierdomenico
|176=MASSA Federico
|177=MATTIELLO Davide
|178=MAURI Matteo
|179=MAZZOLI Alessandro
|180=MELILLI Fabio
|181=MELONI Marco
|182=META Michele Pompeo
|183=MICCOLI Marco
|184=MIGLIORE Gennaro
|185=MINNUCCI Emiliano
|186=MIOTTO Anna Margherita
|187=MISIANI Antonio
|188=MOGNATO Michele
|189= MONACO Francesco
|190=MONGIELLO Colomba
|191=MONTRONI Daniele
|192=MORANI Alessia
|193=MORASSUT Roberto
|194=MORETTO Sara
|195=MOSCATT Antonino
|196=MURA Romina
|197=MURER Delia
|198=NACCARATO Alessandro
|199=NARDI Martina
|200=NARDUOLO Giulia
|201=NICOLETTI Michele
|202=OLIVERIO Nicodemo Nazzareno
|203=ORFINI Matteo
|204=PAGANI Alberto
|205=PALMA Giovanna
|206=PARIS Valentina
|207=PARRINI Dario
|208=PATRIARCA Edoardo
|209=PELILLO Michele
|210=PELUFFO Vinicio
|211=PES Caterina
|212=PETRINI Paolo
|213=PIAZZONI Ileana
|214=PICCOLI NARDELLI Flavia
|215=PICCOLO Giorgio
|216=PICCOLO Salvatore
|217=PILOZZI Nazzareno
|218=PINI Giuditta
|219=PINNA Paola
|220=POLLASTRINI Barbara
|221=PORTA Fabio
|222=PORTAS Giacomo Antonio
|223=PRINA Francesco
|224=QUARTAPELLE PROCOPIO Lia
|225=RACITI Fausto
|226=RAGOSTA Michele
|227=RAMPI Roberto
|228=REALACCI Ermete
|229=RIBAUDO Francesco
|230=RICHETTI Matteo
|231=RIGONI Andrea
|232=ROCCHI Maria Grazia
|233=ROMANINI Giuseppe
|234=ROMANO Andrea
|235=ROSATO Ettore
|236=ROSSI Paolo
|237=ROSSOMANDO Anna
|238=ROSTAN Michela
|239=ROSTELLATO Gessica
|240=ROTTA Alessia
|241=RUBINATO Simonetta
|242=RUGHETTI Angelo
|243=SANGA Giovanni
|244=SANI Luca
|245=SANNA Francesco
|246=SANNA Giovanna
|247=SBROLLINI Daniela
|248=SCALFAROTTO Ivan
|249=SCHIRÒ Gea
|250=SCUVERA Chiara
|251=SERENI Marina
|252=SGAMBATO Camilla
|253=SIMONI Elisa
|254=]
|255=STUMPO Nico
|256=TACCONI Alessio
|257=TARANTO Luigi
|258=TARICCO Giacomino
|259=TARTAGLIONE Assunta
|260=TENTORI Veronica
|261=TERROSI Alessandra
|262=TIDEI Marietta
|263=TINAGLI Irene
|264=TULLO Mario
|265=VALENTE Valeria
|266=VALIANTE Simone
|267=VAZIO Franco
|268=VELO Silvia
|269=VENITTELLI Laura
|270=VENTRICELLI Liliana
|271=VERINI Walter
|272=VICO Ludovico
|273=ZAMPA Sandra
|274=]
|275=ZANIN Giorgio
|276=ZAPPULLA Giuseppe
|277=ZARDINI Diego
|278=ZOGGIA Davide
}} }}
|{{collapsible list|title=3
| -
|1=Mario Caruso
|{{collapsible list|title=1
|2=Fucsia Nissoli
|1=BATTAGLIA Demetrio
|3=]
}}
|{{collapsible list|title=22
|1=AMENDOLA Vincenzo
|2=BARETTA Pier Paolo
|3=BELLANOVA Teresa
|4=BERSANI Pier Luigi
|5=BOBBA Luigi
|6=BRESSA Gianclaudio
|7=CASATI Ezio Primo
|8=CENSORE Bruno
|9=CULOTTA Magda
|10=CUOMO Antonio
|11=DEL BASSO DE CARO Umberto
|12=FIORONI Giuseppe
|13=]
|14=GOZI Sandro
|15=GUTGELD Itzhak Yoram
|16=LOSACCO Alberto
|17=]
|18=PICCIONE Teresa
|19=PREZIOSI Ernesto
|20=SCANU Gian Piero
|21=SENALDI Angelo
|22=VILLECCO CALIPARI Rosa Maria
}} }}
|- |-
|{{color box|{{party color|Left Ecology Freedom}}|border=silver}} ] - ] - ] |{{color box|{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}|border=silver}} ]
| –
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list|title=27
|{{collapsible list|title= 1
|1=AIRAUDO Giorgio
|1=]
|2=BORDO Franco
|3=COSTANTINO Celestina
|4=D’ATTORRE Alfredo
|5=DURANTI Donatella
|6=FARINA Daniele
|7=FAVA Claudio
|8=FOLINO Vincenzo
|9=]
|10=GALLI Carlo
|11=GIORDANO Giancarlo
|12=GREGORI Monica
|13=KRONBICHLER Florian
|14=MARCON Giulio
|15=MARTELLI Giovanna
|16=MELILLA Gianni
|17=NICCHI Marisa
|18=PAGLIA Giovanni
|19=PALAZZOTTO Erasmo
|20=PANNARALE Annalisa
|21=PELLEGRINO Serena
|22=PIRAS Michele
|23=PLACIDO Antonio
|24=QUARANTA Stefano
|25=RICCIATTI Lara
|26=SCOTTO Arturo
|27=ZACCAGNINI Adriano
}} }}
| - | –
| style="background-color:#FFE;" |{{collapsible list|title= 9
| -
|1=]
|{{collapsible list|title=4
|2=]
|1=FASSINA Stefano
|3=Pasquale Maietta
|2=FERRARA Francesco detto Ciccio
|4=]
|3=SANNICANDRO Arcangelo
|5=]
|4=ZARATTI Filiberto
|6=]
|7=]
|8=Marcello Taglialatela
|9=Achille Totaro
}} }}
|- |-
|style="text-align:center;"|'''Total'''||{{Yes|'''372'''|align=center}}||style="text-align:center;"|'''51'''||style="text-align:center;"|'''99'''||style="text-align:center;"|'''107''' |style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |'''Total'''{{efn|name="president"|The Chamber of Deputies has 629 voting members. The ], ], votes only in case of a tied vote.}}||{{Yes|'''372'''|align=center}}||style="text-align:center;"|'''51'''||style="text-align:center;"|'''99'''||style="text-align:center;"|'''107'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | {{percentage|372|629|1}}
| style="text-align:center;" | {{percentage|51|629|1}}
| style="text-align:center;" | {{percentage|99|629|1}}
| style="text-align:center;" | {{percentage|107|629|1|pad=yes}}
|} |}


===Statistics===
==Same-sex marriage==
] ], October 2016]]
12 same-sex civil unions had been performed in Italy by August 2016. No civil unions had taken place in ] by then;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/flop-legge-cirinn-celebrate-solo-12-nozze-gay-1299472.html|title=Il flop della legge Cirinnà: celebrate solo 12 nozze gay|first=Lodovica|last=Bulian|date=August 26, 2016|website=ilGiornale.it}}</ref> the first civil union in Rome was performed on 17 September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://roma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2016/09/17/news/roma_raggi_celebra_la_prima_unione_civile_della_capitale_nasce_una_nuova_famiglia_-147942032/|title=Roma, Raggi celebra la prima unione civile della Capitale: "Nasce una nuova famiglia"|date=September 17, 2016|website=la Repubblica}}</ref> By 2022, 18,317 civil unions had taken place in Italy, mostly in ], ], Emilia-Romagna, ] and ].
Bills legalising same-sex marriage have been submitted to the ] several times since Franco Grillini, an MP for the ], first presented a proposal to the ] in July 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leg14.camera.it/_dati/leg14/lavori/stampati/pdf/14PDL0032500.pdf|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 2982|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref> It took 10 years before a party represented in Parliament made same-sex marriage a policy goal: in May 2012 ], political leader of the ] (Italia dei Valori) party, said, "Our party has been the first in Italy to follow US president Barack Obama. We invite other Italian parties to support gay marriage. You don’t have to be shy, you have to say yes".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.care2.com/causes/italian-political-party-say-yes-to-gay-marriage.html#13432076411271&action=collapse_widget&id=124804|title=Italian Political Party: "Say Yes" to Gay Marriage|work=care2.com|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>. In July 2012 he also submitted a bill to the Chamber,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://documenti.camera.it/_dati/leg16/lavori/stampati/pdf/16PDL0063270.pdf|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 5338|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref> but this was never considered by the Parliament.
Following the 2013 general election, several bills were presented during the ], some even allowing for full adoption rights and automatic recognition of the spouse's natural children born in wedlock. However, none of these bills ever advanced even to committee stage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/39306.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 15|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/39506.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 204|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/40322.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 393|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/126?leg=17&idDocumento=242|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 242|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/126?leg=17&idDocumento=244|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 244|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/126?leg=17&idDocumento=763|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 763|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/126?leg=17&idDocumento=2885|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 2885|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref>
As parliamentary discussions focused on the recognition of cohabitation agreements and registered partnerships for same-sex couples, debate on same-sex marriage was relatively limited until passage of civil union legislation in 2016. However, the topic was far from absent from public discourse: it was a demand of Italian LGBT movements since at least the early 2000s and the subject of several judicial cases involving recognition of same-sex marriages performed abroad.

===Legal battles to recognise marriages performed abroad===
On 9 April 2014, the Civil Court of ] ordered that a same-sex marriage contracted abroad be recognised in the municipality. The order was then voided by the Court of Appeals of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://firenze.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/10/09/news/grosseto_nozze_gay-97710081/|title=Nozze gay a Grosseto, annullata la trascrizione in Comune su ordine della Corte d'Appello|author=di GERARDO ADINOLFI|date=9 October 2014|work=Repubblica.it|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> Grosseto was followed by the cities of ], ] and ] in July 2014,<ref>{{cite news|title = Nozze gay all'estero, c'è la firma del sindaco: saranno trascritte in Comune | publisher =www.repubblica.it| date = 22 July 2014| url = http://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/07/22/news/nozze_gay_c_la_firma_del_sindaco_potranno_essere_trascritte-92118610/ | access-date = 2014-07-22|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Matrimoni gay, via alle trascrizioni: Roberto e Miguel la prima coppia | publisher =www.repubblica.it| date = 25 June 2014| url = http://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/06/25/news/matrimoni_gay_via_alle_trascrizioni_roberto_e_manuel_la_prima_coppia-89937623/ | access-date = 2014-06-25|language=it}}</ref> ], ], ] and ] in September 2014,<ref>{{cite news|title = Via libera del sindaco Barnini ai matrimoni gay. Emanata una direttiva | publisher =www.gonews.it/| date = 15 September 2014| url = http://www.gonews.it/2014/09/15/empoli-via-libera-del-sindaco-barnini-ai-matrimoni-gay-emanata-una-direttiva/ | access-date = 15 September 2014|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Matrimoni gay presto possibili a Pordenone | publisher =Messaggero Veneto| date = 15 September 2014| url = http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2014/09/15/news/matrimonio-gay-pedrotti-faremo-la-registrazione-1.9936875 | access-date = 15 September 2014|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Udine dice sì alla trascrizione dei matrimoni gay | publisher =IlFriuli.it| date = 29 September 2014| url = http://www.ilfriuli.it/articolo/Cronaca/Udine_dice_s%C3%AC_alla_trascrizione_dei_matrimoni_gay/2/136322 | access-date = 29 September 2014|language=it}}</ref> and ], ], ], ] and ] in October 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title = Primo sì al registro delle nozze gay | publisher =Corriere Fiorentino| date = 2 October 2014| url = http://corrierefiorentino.corriere.it/firenze/notizie/cronaca/2014/2-ottobre-2014/primo-si-registro-nozze-gay-230260453079.shtml | access-date = 2 October 2014|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Matrimoni gay, c'è l'ok del consiglio comunale di Piombino | newspaper =Il Tirreno| date = 2 October 2014| url = http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/piombino/cronaca/2014/10/02/news/matrimoni-gay-c-e-l-ok-del-consiglio-comunale-1.10034602 | access-date = 2 October 2014|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = A Livorno trascritto un matrimonio gay | newspaper =La Repubblica| date = 13 October 2014| url = http://firenze.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/10/13/news/a_livorno_trascritto_un_matrimonio_gay-98002014/ | access-date = 13 November 2014|language=it}}</ref>

In 2014 the then ], ], ordered all ] to invalidate any registrations made by mayors recognising same-sex marriages performed abroad, arguing that the Italian Civil Code makes no mention of same-sex marriage and any attempt to recognise it is therefore illegal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2014/10/07/news/alfano_ordiner_a_prefetti_di_annullare_registrazioni_nozze_gay_fatte_all_estero-97533025/|title=Alfano: "Stop registrazioni nozze gay fatte all'estero". Rabbia sindaci. Scontro Pd-Ncd|author=di PIERA MATTEUCCI|date=7 October 2014|work=Repubblica.it|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> The legal system had already been used to stop some mayors recognising same-sex couples, but all such cases were ultimately dismissed by the courts after failing to determine a particular offence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/livorno/cronaca/2015/03/07/news/nozze-gay-la-trascrizione-non-e-reato-chiesta-l-archiviazione-1.10999334|title="Nozze gay, la trascrizione non è reato", chiesta l'archiviazione|author=di Federico Lazzotti|date=8 March 2015|work=il Tirreno|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> Indeed, a public prosecutor in the city of ] ruled that a prefect may not invalidate marriages agreed by municipal mayors, thus effectively annulling the order made by ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/11/26/news/nozze_gay_su_trascrizione_matrimoni_procura_di_udine_d_ragione_a_comune_e_bastona_alfano-101505339/|title=Nozze gay, su trascrizioni procura dà ragione a sindaco di Udine e 'bastona' Alfano|date=26 November 2014|work=Repubblica.it|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> On 9 March 2015, the Regional Administrative Court of ] suspended Alfano's order because only civil courts may annul the registration of same-sex marriages contracted abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/matrimoni-gay-comune-vince-ricorso.html|title=Matrimoni gay, sospesa la circolare Alfano. De Magistris esulta|work=NapoliToday|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> However, the court also found that overseas marriages could not be recognized in Italy because of the lack of domestic legislation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2015/03/09/tar-finds-in-favor-of-gay-plaintiffs_04d8a580-aa91-46c4-8bf1-091e7b3eb6fb.html|title=TAR finds in favor of gay plaintiffs|work=ANSA.it|date=9 March 2015 |access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>

Alfano subsequently appealed to the ], Italy's highest administrative court. In October 2015, the Court reversed the judgement; ruling that it is within the role of prefectures to ensure all public acts are legal. Thus all registrations of same-sex marriages contracted abroad cannot be recognised in Italy and must be cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzettadelsud.it/news/english/164225/Council-of-State-rules-against-gay-marriage-transcriptions.html|title=Council of State rules against gay marriage transcriptions}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it/english/council-of-state-rules-against-gay-marriage-transcriptions-no860576|title=Council of State rules against gay marriage transcriptions}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.insidetheworld.org/2015/10/27/the-italian-council-of-state-rules-against-gay-marriage-registration/|title=The Italian Council of State rules against gay marriage registration|author=Inside The World}}</ref> Gay rights activists complained that Carlo Deodato, the Council of State judge who drafted the sentence, defines himself as "Catholic, married and father of two" and had already expressed his disapproval of same-sex marriage via ] and therefore could not be considered impartial. They promised to take an appeal to the ] if necessary for violating the Italian Constitution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2015/10/27/italia/politica/dietrofront-sulle-nozze-gay-contratte-allestero-non-possono-essere-trascritte-dai-comuni-in-italia-bmOTcZhQHbEUiqBx6JyjWO/pagina.html|title=Le nozze gay all'estero non sono valide in Italia. Polemica sul giudice della sentenza: "È di parte"|date=27 October 2015|work=LaStampa.it}}</ref>

On 31 January 2017, the ] ruled that a same-sex marriage, conducted between two women and performed in ] in ], must be recognized in Italy. The Court refused to hear the case of the mayor of the small town of ], who was attempting to appeal an earlier sentence passed down from the Court of Appeal of Naples, in which the marriage was officially recognized. One of two women had the right to claim Italian citizenship '']''. Thus, refusal to recognize the union was seen as being in direct violation of the ], of the fundamental rights of European citizens, of the right of free movement for citizens throughout the member states and, lastly, of the basis of non-discrimination.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.west-info.eu/italian-court-recognizes-gay-marriage-officiated-abroad-for-the-first-time/|title=Italian Court recognizes gay marriage officiated abroad for the first time|first=West-welfare, society and|last=territory|website=West|access-date=2020-10-01|archive-date=2018-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108105115/https://www.west-info.eu/italian-court-recognizes-gay-marriage-officiated-abroad-for-the-first-time/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{in lang|it}} ''].it''</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queerblog.it/post/201859/cassazione-riconosciuto-in-italia-il-matrimonio-tra-due-donne-celebrato-in-francia|title=Cassazione, riconosciuto in Italia il matrimonio tra due donne celebrato in Francia|date=February 2, 2017|website=Queerblog.it}}</ref>

On 14 December 2017, the ] ruled that Italy's refusal to legally recognise the marriages of same-sex couples married abroad violates the couples' rights to respect for private and family life. The 6 couples, (of which, 3 married in ], 2 in the ] and 1 in ]) sought to have their marriages registered in Italy but Italian officials had refused, citing a 2001 order by the Ministry of Internal Affairs which said same-sex marriage is "contrary to the norms of public order." The Court also ordered Italy to pay monetary compensation to the couples.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.courthousenews.com/rights-court-sides-with-italian-couples-in-gay-marriage-debate/ |author=Dotinga, William |title=Rights Court Sides With Italian Couples in Gay Marriage Debate |publisher=] |date=14 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.affaritaliani.it/affari-europei/nozze-gay-ue-condanna-italia-ondata-di-risarcimenti-515038.html |title=Nozze gay, l'Ue condanna l'Italia: ondata di risarcimenti |publisher=Affaritaliani.it |date=14 December 2017 |language=it}}</ref>

In May 2018, the ] ruled that same-sex marriages performed abroad cannot be recognized in Italy. Instead, couples must register their partnerships as a civil union, regardless of whether they wed before or after Italy introduced civil unions in 2016. The ruling is the final judgement on an appeal lodged by an Italian-Brazilian couple who married in ] in 2012, and then performed another ceremony in ] in 2013. The couple sought to have their marriage recognized under Italian law in ] but were denied, prompting them to mount a legal challenge that made its way to Italy's highest court. The judges agreed with an earlier appeals court ruling on the case, which stated that Italian law would recognise married same-sex couples only as civil unions. The Italian-Brazilian couple argued that the move constituted discriminatory "downgrading" of their relationship status. The Court of Cassation, however, judged that civil unions provide most of the same legal protections as marriages, and therefore could not be considered discrimination. "Same-sex marriage does not correspond to the model of matrimony outlined in our legal system," the judges stated, ruling that Italy may legitimately use its "legislative discretion" to exclude same-sex couples from marriage so long as a valid alternative is available to them.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.it/20180515/same-sex-marriages-performed-abroad-wont-be-recognized-in-italy|title=Same-sex marriages performed abroad won't be recognized in Italy|work=]|date=15 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altalex.com/documents/news/2018/05/16/matrimonio-omosessuale-estero-no-trascrizione|title=Nozze gay all'estero: no alla trascrizione in Italia, sì al riconoscimento come unione civile|date=30 May 2018|language=it|last=Vassallo|first=Giuseppina|work=Altalex}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2018/05/14/news/nozze_gay_all_estero_cassazione_no_trascrizione_in_italia_unioni_civili-196394771/|title=Nozze gay all'estero, la Cassazione: "No alla trascrizione, in Italia ci sono le unioni civili"|language=it|date=14 May 2018|work=La Repubblica}}</ref>

===Political developments following the passage of civil unions===

At the ], the only party campaigning for marriage equality and achieving parliamentary representation was ], who elected 14 deputies and 4 senators. A couple of bills legalizing same-sex marriage were submitted by Senator ] of the ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/48653.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 60|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> and Senator ] of the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/54966.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 2602|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> but these did not advance beyond committee stage before Parliament was dissolved in July 2022. During the ] there was little political appetite for same-sex marriage and during the ] ruling M5S, PD and ] threw their weight behind ] that passed the Chamber in November 2020 but ultimately failed in the Senate in October 2021.

At the ] same-sex marriage rose to prominence in Italian politics for the first time. ], ], ] and ] all endorsed marriage equality and full adoption rights in their electoral platforms (although ] did not take an official stance on LGBT adoption).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lastampa.it/speciale/politica/elezioni-politiche-2022/2022/09/21/news/diritti_civili_partiti_elezioni_2022-9091481/|title=Diritti lgbtq+, così i partiti hanno risposto alle associazioni: ecco chi è a favore e chi contro|date=21 September 2022|work=La Stampa|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.it/article/diritti-civili-lgbt-ddl-zan-disabilita-elezioni-programmi-partiti/|title=Sui diritti civili i programmi dei partiti sono ai poli opposti|date=8 September 2022|magazine=Wired|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> Together these parties elected 136 deputies (out of 400) and 72 senators (out of 200), meaning that also in the ] there is no parliamentary majority in favour of same-sex marriage. However, three bills have been presented to the Senate by Senator ] of ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/55201.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 25|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> Senator ] of ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/55304.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 130|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> and Senator ] of ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/55699.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 330|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> and two bills to the Chamber of Deputies by MP ] of ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/126?leg=19&idDocumento=330|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 330|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref> and MP ] of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/126?leg=19&idDocumento=587|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 587|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref> On 27 December 2022 Senator Maiorino's bill (Senate bill n.130) advanced to committee stage but, as of February 2023, the Senate's Justice Committee has yet to review the bill.

On 26 February 2023, ] won the ], the largest centre-left opposition party, on a campaign platform advocating for same-sex marriage and full adoption rights.

==Statistics==
From July 2016 to late August 2016, 12 same-sex civil unions were performed in Italy. ] performed one civil union, with 50 more ceremonies planned for the coming months. In ], six civil unions were performed with another 220 planned. Two civil unions took place in ] and one in ]. No civil unions took place in ] in that period, but 111 civil union ceremonies followed in the coming months, of which 109 were between same-sex couples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/politica/flop-legge-cirinn-celebrate-solo-12-nozze-gay-1299472.html|title=Il flop della legge Cirinnà: celebrate solo 12 nozze gay|first=Lodovica|last=Bulian|date=August 26, 2016|website=ilGiornale.it}}</ref> The first civil union in Rome was performed on 17 September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://roma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2016/09/17/news/roma_raggi_celebra_la_prima_unione_civile_della_capitale_nasce_una_nuova_famiglia_-147942032/|title=Roma, Raggi celebra la prima unione civile della Capitale: "Nasce una nuova famiglia"|date=September 17, 2016|website=la Repubblica}}</ref>


{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+Number of civil unions in Italy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.istat.it/it/files//2019/11/tavole-matrimoni-e-unioni-civili-2018.xlsx|title=Unioni civili per regione|website=istat.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2017/05/07/news/la_frenata_delle_unioni_civili_solo_2_800_si_a_un_anno_dalla_legge_niente_corsa_alle_nozze_gay_flop_al_sud-164813182/|title=Unioni civili: finora 2.800 sì|date=May 7, 2017|website=la Repubblica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanuovasardegna.it/regione/2017/05/08/news/unioni-civili-nell-isola-42-in-9-mesi-gli-attivisti-contano-solo-i-diritti-1.15308966|title=Unioni civili, in Sardegna 42 in 9 mesi Gli attivisti: contano solo i diritti|date=May 8, 2017|website=La Nuova Sardegna}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2019/06/05/unioni-civili-italia.html|title=Tre anni di Unioni Civili in Italia, i dati del Ministero dell'Interno|date=5 June 2019|language=it|work=Sky TG24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaynews.it/2019/06/05/unioni-civili-diffusi-i-dati-del-viminale-2371-le-coppie-che-nel-2018-hanno-usufruito-della-legge-cirinna/|title=Unioni civili, diffusi i dati del Viminale: 2371 le coppie che nel 2018 hanno usufruito della legge Cirinnà|work=GayNews|date=7 June 2019|language=it}}</ref> |+Number of civil unions in Italy<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.istat.it/it/files//2019/11/tavole-matrimoni-e-unioni-civili-2018.xlsx|title=Unioni civili per regione|website=istat.it|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708035749/https://www.istat.it/it/files//2019/11/tavole-matrimoni-e-unioni-civili-2018.xlsx|archive-date=8 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2017/05/07/news/la_frenata_delle_unioni_civili_solo_2_800_si_a_un_anno_dalla_legge_niente_corsa_alle_nozze_gay_flop_al_sud-164813182/|title=Unioni civili: finora 2.800 sì|date=May 7, 2017|website=la Repubblica|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507045451/https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2017/05/07/news/la_frenata_delle_unioni_civili_solo_2_800_si_a_un_anno_dalla_legge_niente_corsa_alle_nozze_gay_flop_al_sud-164813182/|archive-date=7 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanuovasardegna.it/regione/2017/05/08/news/unioni-civili-nell-isola-42-in-9-mesi-gli-attivisti-contano-solo-i-diritti-1.15308966|title=Unioni civili, in Sardegna 42 in 9 mesi Gli attivisti: contano solo i diritti|date=May 8, 2017|website=La Nuova Sardegna|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025021815/https://www.lanuovasardegna.it/regione/2017/05/08/news/unioni-civili-nell-isola-42-in-9-mesi-gli-attivisti-contano-solo-i-diritti-1.15308966|archive-date=25 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://demo.istat.it/tavole/?t=unionicivili|language=it|access-date=14 August 2024|title=Unioni civili|work=Istat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813231018/https://demo.istat.it/tavole/?t=unionicivili|archive-date=13 August 2024}}</ref>
!Region!!2016!!2017!!2018!!''Total'' !Region!!2016!!2017!!2018!!2019!!2020!!2021!!2022!!''Total''
|- |-
|]||22||39||24||''85'' |style="text-align:left"|]||22||39||24||30||22||22||30||''189''
|- |-
|]||4||12||7||''23'' |style="text-align:left"|]||4||12||7||6||2||2||6||''39''
|- |-
|]||46||108||74||''228'' |style="text-align:left"|]||46||108||74||73||58||79||95||''533''
|- |-
|]||2||10||3||''15'' |style="text-align:left"|]||2||10||3||7||1||6||6||''35''
|- |-
|]||6||17||6||''29'' |style="text-align:left"|]||6||17||6||9||3||16||17||''74''
|- |-
|]||89||168||103||''360'' |style="text-align:left"|]||89||168||103||91||62||111||137||''761''
|- |-
|]||231||439||280||''950'' |style="text-align:left"|]||231||439||280||213||153||218||278||''1,812''
|- |-
|]||34||79||42||''155'' |style="text-align:left"|]||34||79||42||32||18||26||47||''278''
|- |-
|]||275||767||425||''1,467'' |style="text-align:left"|]||275||767||425||352||257||297||386||''2,759''
|- |-
|]||119||134||89||''342'' |style="text-align:left"|]||119||134||89||82||49||75||114||''662''
|- |-
|]||595||1,073||701||''2,369'' |style="text-align:left"|]||595||1,073||701||562||362||468||640||''4,401''
|- |-
|]||49||57||39||''145'' |style="text-align:left"|]||49||57||39||32||25||46||58||''306''
|- |-
|]||1||3||2||''6'' |style="text-align:left"|]||1||3||2||7||2||2||3||''20''
|- |-
|]||251||417||248||''916'' |style="text-align:left"|]||251||417||248||220||126||196||244||''1,702''
|- |-
|]||35||70||48||''153'' |style="text-align:left"|]||35||70||48||46||20||36||60||''315''
|- |-
|]||70||122||128||''320'' |style="text-align:left"|]||70||122||128||94||71||107||117||''709''
|- |-
|]||43||89||39||''171'' |style="text-align:left"|]||43||89||39||32||29||43||49||''324''
|- |-
|]||246||405||264||''915'' |style="text-align:left"|]||246||405||264||201||144||207||260||''1,727''
|- |-
|]||35||48||37||''120'' |style="text-align:left"|]||35||48||37||29||21||35||37||''242''
|- |-
|]||183||319||249||''751'' |style="text-align:left"|]||183||319||249||179||114||156||229||''1,429''
|- |-
|'''Total'''||'''2,336'''||'''4,376'''||'''2,808'''||'''''9,520''''' |style="text-align:left"|'''Total'''||'''2,336'''||'''4,376'''||'''2,808'''||'''2,297'''||'''1,539'''||'''2,148'''||'''2,813'''||'''''18,317'''''
|} |}


==Religious views== ==Same-sex marriage==
{{Same-sex marriage map Europe|align=right}}
===Roman Catholic Church===
===History===
{{main|Homosexuality and Roman Catholicism}}
Bills legalising ] have been submitted to the ] several times since ], an MP for the ], first presented a proposal to the Chamber of Deputies in July 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leg14.camera.it/_dati/leg14/lavori/stampati/pdf/14PDL0032500.pdf|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 2982|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref> It would take 10 more years before a party represented in Parliament made same-sex marriage part of their party policy goals. In May 2012, ], political leader of the ] party, said, "Our party has been the first in Italy to follow US President ]. We invite other Italian parties to support gay marriage. You don't have to be shy, you have to say yes".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.care2.com/causes/italian-political-party-say-yes-to-gay-marriage.html#13432076411271&action=collapse_widget&id=124804|title=Italian Political Party: "Say Yes" to Gay Marriage|work=care2.com|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> In July 2012, he submitted a same-sex marriage bill to the Chamber of Deputies,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://documenti.camera.it/_dati/leg16/lavori/stampati/pdf/16PDL0063270.pdf|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 5338|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref> but it was never debated by Parliament. Following the ], several bills were presented to Parliament, with some also granting full adoption rights and automatic recognition of the spouse's children. However, none of these bills advanced to the committee stage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/39306.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 15|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/39506.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 204|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/40322.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 393|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/126?leg=17&idDocumento=242|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 242|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/126?leg=17&idDocumento=244|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 244|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/126?leg=17&idDocumento=763|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 763|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/126?leg=17&idDocumento=2885|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 2885|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref> As parliamentary discussions focused on the recognition of cohabitation agreements and registered partnerships for same-sex couples, debate on same-sex marriage was relatively limited until passage of civil union legislation in 2016. However, the topic was far from absent from public discourse. It has been a demand of the Italian LGBT movement since at least the early 2000s and the subject of several judicial cases involving recognition of same-sex marriages performed abroad.
The Roman Catholic Church is the largest and most influential Christian denomination in Italy. It has been opposed to any recognition of same-sex relationships and repeatedly blocked the introduction of legislation such as domestic partnerships and civil unions for same-sex couples in Italy as well as other Catholic-majority countries.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com"/> However, there has been public disagreement on the issue among senior figures in the Church and over the last few years a more welcoming and nuanced tone towards homosexual people has become common.


===Recognition of marriages performed abroad===
In 2007, ] (Archbishop of Genoa, and Chair of the Italian Bishop's Conference) compared the idea of recognising ]s directly with state recognition for incest and paedophilia.<ref>Pink News 2 April 2007</ref><ref>Catholic World News. 9 April 2007</ref> He later condemned a ruling made by the Tuscan courts in 2014 which, for the first time in Italy, recognized the marriage of a same-sex couple who had wed in New York.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.it/20140410/italian-bishop-lambasts-gay-marriage-ruling|title=Italian bishop lambasts gay marriage ruling}}</ref> He has also described civil unions and same-sex marriages as a "Trojan horse" that fundamentally weaken the institution of the family.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/11223136/Gay-marriage-a-Trojan-horse-says-Catholic-cardinal.html|title=Gay marriage a 'Trojan horse', says Catholic cardinal|date=11 November 2014|work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
On 9 April 2014, a court in ] ordered that a same-sex marriage contracted abroad be recognised in the municipality. However, the order was later voided by the Florence Court of Appeal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://firenze.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/10/09/news/grosseto_nozze_gay-97710081/|title=Nozze gay a Grosseto, annullata la trascrizione in Comune su ordine della Corte d'Appello|author=di GERARDO ADINOLFI|date=9 October 2014|work=Repubblica.it|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> Grosseto was followed by several cities in recognising same-sex marriages validly performed abroad, including the cities of ], ] and ] in July 2014,<ref>{{cite news|title = Nozze gay all'estero, c'è la firma del sindaco: saranno trascritte in Comune | publisher =www.repubblica.it| date = 22 July 2014| url = http://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/07/22/news/nozze_gay_c_la_firma_del_sindaco_potranno_essere_trascritte-92118610/ | access-date = 2014-07-22|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Matrimoni gay, via alle trascrizioni: Roberto e Miguel la prima coppia | publisher =www.repubblica.it| date = 25 June 2014| url = http://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/06/25/news/matrimoni_gay_via_alle_trascrizioni_roberto_e_manuel_la_prima_coppia-89937623/ | access-date = 2014-06-25|language=it}}</ref> ], ], ] and ] in September 2014,<ref>{{cite news|title = Via libera del sindaco Barnini ai matrimoni gay. Emanata una direttiva | publisher =www.gonews.it/| date = 15 September 2014| url = http://www.gonews.it/2014/09/15/empoli-via-libera-del-sindaco-barnini-ai-matrimoni-gay-emanata-una-direttiva/ | access-date = 15 September 2014|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Matrimoni gay presto possibili a Pordenone | publisher =Messaggero Veneto| date = 15 September 2014| url = http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/udine/cronaca/2014/09/15/news/matrimonio-gay-pedrotti-faremo-la-registrazione-1.9936875 | access-date = 15 September 2014|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Udine dice sì alla trascrizione dei matrimoni gay | publisher =IlFriuli.it| date = 29 September 2014| url = http://www.ilfriuli.it/articolo/Cronaca/Udine_dice_s%C3%AC_alla_trascrizione_dei_matrimoni_gay/2/136322 | access-date = 29 September 2014|language=it}}</ref> and ], ], ], ] and ] in October 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title = Primo sì al registro delle nozze gay | publisher =Corriere Fiorentino| date = 2 October 2014| url = http://corrierefiorentino.corriere.it/firenze/notizie/cronaca/2014/2-ottobre-2014/primo-si-registro-nozze-gay-230260453079.shtml | access-date = 2 October 2014|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Matrimoni gay, c'è l'ok del consiglio comunale di Piombino | newspaper =Il Tirreno| date = 2 October 2014| url = http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/piombino/cronaca/2014/10/02/news/matrimoni-gay-c-e-l-ok-del-consiglio-comunale-1.10034602 | access-date = 2 October 2014|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = A Livorno trascritto un matrimonio gay | newspaper =La Repubblica| date = 13 October 2014| url = http://firenze.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/10/13/news/a_livorno_trascritto_un_matrimonio_gay-98002014/ | access-date = 13 November 2014|language=it}}</ref> In October 2014, ] ] ordered all ]s to invalidate any registration of same-sex marriages performed abroad, arguing that the ] made no mention of same-sex marriage and any attempt to recognise one was therefore illegal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/politica/2014/10/07/news/alfano_ordiner_a_prefetti_di_annullare_registrazioni_nozze_gay_fatte_all_estero-97533025/|title=Alfano: "Stop registrazioni nozze gay fatte all'estero". Rabbia sindaci. Scontro Pd-Ncd|author=di PIERA MATTEUCCI|date=7 October 2014|work=Repubblica.it|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> The legal system had already been used to stop some mayors from recognising same-sex unions, but many such cases were ultimately dismissed by the courts after failing to determine a particular offence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/livorno/cronaca/2015/03/07/news/nozze-gay-la-trascrizione-non-e-reato-chiesta-l-archiviazione-1.10999334|title="Nozze gay, la trascrizione non è reato", chiesta l'archiviazione|author=di Federico Lazzotti|date=8 March 2015|work=il Tirreno|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> Indeed, a public prosecutor in Udine had ruled that a prefect may not invalidate marriages registered by municipal mayors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/11/26/news/nozze_gay_su_trascrizione_matrimoni_procura_di_udine_d_ragione_a_comune_e_bastona_alfano-101505339/|title=Nozze gay, su trascrizioni procura dà ragione a sindaco di Udine e 'bastona' Alfano|date=26 November 2014|work=Repubblica.it|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> On 9 March 2015, the Lazio Regional Administrative Court suspended Alfano's order because only civil courts may annul the registration of same-sex marriages contracted abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/cronaca/matrimoni-gay-comune-vince-ricorso.html|title=Matrimoni gay, sospesa la circolare Alfano. De Magistris esulta|work=NapoliToday|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref> However, the court also found that overseas marriages could not be recognized in Italy because of the lack of domestic legislation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2015/03/09/tar-finds-in-favor-of-gay-plaintiffs_04d8a580-aa91-46c4-8bf1-091e7b3eb6fb.html|title=TAR finds in favor of gay plaintiffs|work=ANSA.it|date=9 March 2015 |access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>


Alfano subsequently appealed the case to the ], Italy's highest administrative court. In October 2015, the court reversed the judgement, ruling that it was within the role of prefectures to ensure that all public acts are legal. Thus, same-sex marriages contracted abroad cannot be recognised in Italy and all registrations must be annulled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzettadelsud.it/news/english/164225/Council-of-State-rules-against-gay-marriage-transcriptions.html|title=Council of State rules against gay marriage transcriptions}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it/english/council-of-state-rules-against-gay-marriage-transcriptions-no860576|title=Council of State rules against gay marriage transcriptions}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.insidetheworld.org/2015/10/27/the-italian-council-of-state-rules-against-gay-marriage-registration/|title=The Italian Council of State rules against gay marriage registration|author=Inside The World}}</ref> Activists complained that Carlo Deodato, the Council of State judge who drafted the sentence, defined himself as "Catholic, married and father of two" and had previously expressed his disapproval of same-sex marriage via ] and therefore could not be considered impartial. They promised to take an appeal to the ] (ECHR) if necessary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2015/10/27/italia/politica/dietrofront-sulle-nozze-gay-contratte-allestero-non-possono-essere-trascritte-dai-comuni-in-italia-bmOTcZhQHbEUiqBx6JyjWO/pagina.html|title=Le nozze gay all'estero non sono valide in Italia. Polemica sul giudice della sentenza: "È di parte"|date=27 October 2015|work=LaStampa.it}}</ref>
However, in his book ''Credere e conoscere'', published shortly before his death in 2012, Cardinal ], the former Archbishop of Milan, disagreed with opposition by Catholics to homosexual ]: "I disagree with the positions of those in the Church, that take issue with civil unions", he wrote. "It is not bad, instead of casual sex between men, that two people have a certain stability" and said that the "state could recognize them". Although he stated his belief that "the homosexual couple, as such, can never be totally equated to a marriage".<ref>Martini and Marino, ''Credere e conoscere'', 2012;</ref><ref>Terence Weldon, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021001726/http://queeringthechurch.com/2012/03/29/cardinal-martini-on-gay-partnerships/ |date=2012-10-21 }}, March 29, 2012, Queering The Church.</ref>


On 31 January 2017, the ] ruled that a same-sex marriage conducted between two women in ], ] must be recognized in Italy. The court refused to hear the case of the mayor of ], who had appealed an earlier sentence passed down from the Naples Court of Appeal that the marriage be officially recognized. One of two women had the right to claim Italian citizenship '']''. Thus, refusal to recognize the union was seen as being in direct violation of the ], of the fundamental rights of European citizens, of the right of free movement for citizens throughout the member states and of the basis of non-discrimination.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.west-info.eu/italian-court-recognizes-gay-marriage-officiated-abroad-for-the-first-time/|title=Italian Court recognizes gay marriage officiated abroad for the first time|website=West|access-date=2020-10-01|archive-date=2018-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108105115/https://www.west-info.eu/italian-court-recognizes-gay-marriage-officiated-abroad-for-the-first-time/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{in lang|it}} ''].it''</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queerblog.it/post/201859/cassazione-riconosciuto-in-italia-il-matrimonio-tra-due-donne-celebrato-in-francia|title=Cassazione, riconosciuto in Italia il matrimonio tra due donne celebrato in Francia|date=February 2, 2017|website=Queerblog.it}}</ref> On 14 December 2017, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Italy's refusal to legally recognise the marriages of same-sex couples contracted abroad violates the couples' rights to private and family life. The six plaintiff couples in this case, three of whom had married in ], 2 in the ] and 1 in ], sought to have their marriages registered in Italy but officials had refused, citing a 2001 order by the Ministry of Internal Affairs that same-sex marriage was "contrary to the norms of public order". The court also ordered Italy to pay monetary compensation to the couples.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.courthousenews.com/rights-court-sides-with-italian-couples-in-gay-marriage-debate/ |author=Dotinga, William |title=Rights Court Sides With Italian Couples in Gay Marriage Debate |publisher=] |date=14 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.affaritaliani.it/affari-europei/nozze-gay-ue-condanna-italia-ondata-di-risarcimenti-515038.html |title=Nozze gay, l'Ue condanna l'Italia: ondata di risarcimenti |publisher=Affaritaliani.it |date=14 December 2017 |language=it}}</ref>
With the election of ] in 2013, the Catholic Church adopted a more welcoming attitude towards LGBT people. A few months after his election the Pope stated the now famous ]. In 2020 and 2021 Pope Francis voiced his support for civil unions, while maintaining opposition to same-sex marriage. This view, however impactful, represents the pope's personal views and does not change the official doctrine of the Church, which ].


In May 2018, the ] ruled that same-sex marriages performed abroad cannot be recognized in Italy. Instead, couples must register their partnerships as a civil union, regardless of whether they wed before or after Italy introduced civil unions in 2016. The ruling is the final judgement on an appeal lodged by an Italian-Brazilian couple who had married in ] in 2012, and then performed another ceremony in ] in 2013. The couple sought to have their marriage recognized under Italian law but were denied, prompting them to mount a legal challenge. The judges agreed with an earlier appellate court ruling on the case, which stated that Italian law would recognise married same-sex couples only as civil unions. The couple argued that the move constituted discriminatory "downgrading" of their relationship status. The Court of Cassation, however, judged that civil unions provide most of the same legal protections as marriages, and therefore could not be considered ]. "Same-sex marriage does not correspond to the model of matrimony outlined in our legal system," the judges stated, ruling that Italy may legitimately use its "legislative discretion" to exclude same-sex couples from marriage so long as a valid alternative is available to them.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.it/20180515/same-sex-marriages-performed-abroad-wont-be-recognized-in-italy|title=Same-sex marriages performed abroad won't be recognized in Italy|work=]|date=15 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altalex.com/documents/news/2018/05/16/matrimonio-omosessuale-estero-no-trascrizione|title=Nozze gay all'estero: no alla trascrizione in Italia, sì al riconoscimento come unione civile|date=30 May 2018|language=it|last=Vassallo|first=Giuseppina|work=Altalex}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2018/05/14/news/nozze_gay_all_estero_cassazione_no_trascrizione_in_italia_unioni_civili-196394771/|title=Nozze gay all'estero, la Cassazione: "No alla trascrizione, in Italia ci sono le unioni civili"|language=it|date=14 May 2018|work=La Repubblica}}</ref>
In May 2022 Pope Francis chose Cardinal ] to serve a five-year term as president of the ], the official assembly of the Catholic bishops in Italy and the main body coordinating political relations between the Catholic Church and the Italian state.<ref>{{cite news | work = Crux | access-date = 3 June 2022 | url = https://cruxnow.com/church-in-europe/2022/05/new-head-of-italian-bishops-tasked-with-handling-abuse-crisis | date = 25 May 2022 | title = New head of Italian bishops tasked with handling clergy sex abuse | first = Inés | last = San Martín }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/cronaca/cei-presidente-zuppi-1.7709992 | language = it | date = 24 May 2022 | title = Zuppi è il nuovo presidente della Cei nominato dal Papa: "Farò del mio meglio" | access-date = 3 June 2022}}</ref>


===Developments in 2016–present===
Zuppi is widely regarded as a progressive within the Church and in June 2022 he was even accused of covering up the blessing of a same-sex couple after their civil union in ], the diocese he has been ] of since 2015. According to an Italian newspaper the Archdiocese of Bologna made a number of false claims in a statement attempting to justify the ceremony. The blessing of Pietro Morotti and Giacomo Spagnoli reportedly took place in the presence of six priests at the church of San Lorenzo di Budrio.<ref></ref>
], 2010]]


During the ], the only party openly campaigning for same-sex marriage and achieving parliamentary representation was ], which won 14 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 4 in the Senate. A couple of bills legalizing same-sex marriage were submitted by Senator ] of the ] and Senator ] of the ] in March and May 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/48653.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 60|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/54966.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 2602|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> but neither advanced beyond the committee stage in Parliament. Following the ], same-sex marriage became a prominent issue in Italian politics for the first time, with the Five Star Movement, the Democratic Party, the ] and ] all endorsing same-sex marriage and full adoption rights in their electoral platforms (although the Democratic Party did not take an official stance on adoption).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lastampa.it/speciale/politica/elezioni-politiche-2022/2022/09/21/news/diritti_civili_partiti_elezioni_2022-9091481/|title=Diritti lgbtq+, così i partiti hanno risposto alle associazioni: ecco chi è a favore e chi contro|date=21 September 2022|work=La Stampa|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.it/article/diritti-civili-lgbt-ddl-zan-disabilita-elezioni-programmi-partiti/|title=Sui diritti civili i programmi dei partiti sono ai poli opposti|date=8 September 2022|magazine=Wired|access-date=3 November 2022}}</ref> However, these parties lack a majority of parliamentary seats. Three bills were presented to the Senate by senators ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/55201.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 25|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> Maiorino,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/55304.htm|title=Atto Senato n. 130|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> and ] in 2022,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/service/PDF/PDFServer/BGT/01370752.pdf|title=Atto Senato n. 215|website=senato.it|language=it}}</ref> and two bills to the Chamber of Deputies by MPs ] and ] in October and November 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/126?leg=19&idDocumento=330|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 330|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/126?leg=19&idDocumento=587|title=Atto Camera dei Deputati n. 587|website=camera.it|language=it}}</ref> On 27 December 2022, Senator Maiorino's bill advanced to the committee stage but has yet to be reviewed by the Senate's Justice Committee.
===Other churches===
The ] became the first Italian Christian denomination to permit the blessings of same-sex couples in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2010/08/27/i-valdesi-riconoscono-le-coppie-gay-primo-si-in-italia/53688/|title=Coppie gay, storica apertura della Chiesa valdese. Ma si aspetta ancora una legge|date=August 27, 2010|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano}}</ref> The ] has allowed the ] since 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://changingattitude.org.uk/archives/3566|title=The Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Italy says yes to the blessing of same-sex couples|author=Changing Attitude|work=Changing Attitude|access-date=23 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722085855/http://changingattitude.org.uk/archives/3566|archive-date=22 July 2015}}</ref>


On 26 February 2023, ] won the ] on a campaign platform advocating for same-sex marriage and full adoption rights.
==Public opinion==
During a protest on 13 January 2007, 50,000 ] activists, according to the police, protested in Milan in favour of the creation of a new law regulating same-sex unions.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=Italians clash on gay 'marriage'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4612802.stm|work=]|date=14 January 2006|access-date=2007-08-08}}</ref>


===Court cases===
According to a poll in February 2007, 67% of Italian Catholics backed the draft civil union bill proposed by the Prodi coalition, and 80% of Italians said they supported the law.<ref>{{cite news|first=Troy|last=Espera|title=Italian catholics say Vatican's same-sex marriage opposition goes too far|url=http://www.gmax.co.za/look07/02/19-italy.html|publisher=GMax.co.za|date=19 February 2007|access-date=2007-08-08}}</ref> On the other hand, the autumn 2006 ] survey showed that only 31% of Italians thought that same-sex marriages should be allowed throughout Europe and 24% were in favour of opening up adoption to same-sex couples. This was below the ] average of 44% and 32% respectively.<ref>{{cite news|title = EB66|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb66/eb66_highlights_en.pdf|work=]|date=December 2006|access-date=2007-10-26}}</ref>
]
In 2009, a same-sex couple from ] sued the local administration for denying them a ]. The case was referred to the ] concerned at a possible conflict between the Italian Civil Code (which does not allow for same-sex marriage) and Articles 3 (which forbids any kind of discrimination) and 29 (which states an ambiguous gender-neutral definition of marriage) of the ]. On 14 April 2010, the Constitutional Court ruled that the statutory ban on same-sex marriage was not in breach of the Constitution.<ref>{{cite news| title = La corte costituzionale si pronuncerà sul matrimonio gay| publisher = gaynews.it| date = 20 April 2009| url = http://www.gaynews.it/view.php?ID=81354| access-date = 2009-05-06| language = it| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722034636/http://www.gaynews.it/view.php?ID=81354| archive-date = 22 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://corrieredelveneto.corriere.it/veneto/notizie/cronaca/2010/14-aprile-2010/matrimoni-gay-divieto-codice-respinti-ricorsi-venezia-trento--1602834059773.shtml|title=Matrimoni gay, bocciati i ricorsi La Consulta: 'Materia del legislatore' |publisher=Corriere del Veneto}}</ref> However, the court also affirmed that same-sex couples deserve legal recognition since they are "social formations" constitutionally protected under Article 2 of the Constitution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cortecostituzionale.it/documenti/download/doc/recent_judgments/S2010138_en.pdf|title=Constitutional Court ruling n. 138/2010|website=cortecostituzionale.it|language=en}}</ref> The task of drafting legislation to this purpose was deemed by the court to be the Parliament's sole prerogative.


In January 2011, the ] reversed a lower court decision that a ] (EU) citizen married to an Italian citizen of the same sex was not permitted to reside in Italy because they were not a family according to Italian law. The Court of Cassation ruled that the lower court should have applied the ] on the right of EU citizens to move and reside freely within the ].
A Eurispes poll conducted in early 2009 showed that 40.4% of Italians supported same-sex civil marriage, while 18.5% supported civil unions but not marriage. Thus, 58.9% of respondents supported some form of recognition for same-sex couples. The only area with majority support for same-sex marriage was in the north-west (] and ], where 54.8% were in favour). Nevertheless, in every Italian region except Sicily, a majority supported some form of recognition for same-sex couples. Among those who considered themselves on the political left, 66.5% supported same-sex marriage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Italiani più avanti della politica|url=http://www.arcigay.it/italiani-piu-avanti-della-politica|date=2009-06-12|work=] press release|language=it|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003203131/http://www.arcigay.it/italiani-piu-avanti-della-politica|archive-date=2009-10-03}}</ref> The same poll was repeated in January 2010: 41.0% of respondents supported same-sex marriage, with 20.4% supporting civil unions. Thus, support for some form of recognition for same-sex couples rose to 61.4%.<ref> Arcigay, January 29, 2010</ref>


In a landmark ruling, the Court of Cassation ruled on 15 March 2012 that "same-sex couples have the same right to a family life as married straight couples",<ref>{{cite news|title = Uruguayano sposato con italiano ottiene permesso di soggiorno | work =La Repubblica| date = 26 March 2012| url = http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/03/26/news/permesso_soggiorno_uruguayano_sposato_italiano-32223979/?ref=HREC1-4| access-date = 2012-03-26|language=it}}</ref> adding that "the judiciary shall grant them the same legal rights as enjoyed under marriage on a case-by-case rule". Even though the court's judgment is not binding outside the case decided, lower courts may find the judgment persuasive. Whereas the Parliament remains free to pass legislation recognising same-sex unions, the verdict paved the way for such unions to be equivalent to marriage in all but name and for judges to recognize individual rights for cohabiting couples.<ref>{{cite news|title = Cassazione: 'I gay hanno diritto a trattamento familiare come le coppie sposate' | work =Il Fatto Quotidiano| date = 15 March 2012| url = http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2012/03/15/cassazione-hanno-diritto-trattamento-omogeneo-quello-delle-coppie-sposate/197526/| access-date = 2012-03-15|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = Italy court rules gays have right to 'family life' | agency =AFP| date = 15 March 2012| url = https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5haRblFrXLozHXkNT9bX9cjcCTCYg?docId=CNG.f2d2e5542bd021d9031210c63dfe1778.81| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120724233437/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5haRblFrXLozHXkNT9bX9cjcCTCYg?docId=CNG.f2d2e5542bd021d9031210c63dfe1778.81| url-status = dead| archive-date = 24 July 2012| access-date = 2012-03-16 |via=Google News}}</ref> On 9 February 2015, the Court of Cassation interpreted the 2010 judgement of the Constitutional Court as meaning that it would be Parliament's choice whether or not to introduce same-sex marriage, civil unions or civil partnerships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonblade.com/2015/02/12/italy-high-court-rejects-sex-marriage/|title=Italy high court rejects same-sex marriage|work=Washington Blade|date=12 February 2015|access-date=23 July 2015}}</ref>
On the occasion of the International Day against Homophobia on 17 May 2012, the National Bureau of Statistics (ISTAT) released an official governmental report on the attitudes towards homosexuality among the Italian population. The poll, conducted in 2011, found that 62.8% of the interviewees were in favour of civil unions with the same rights as marriage. Those who agreed with same-sex marriage increased to 43.9%, with central Italy (52.6%), 18–34 years old (53.4%) and women (47%) being the geographical, age and gender categories most in favour. Significantly, every region supported civil unions, with support being highest in central Italy (72.2%) and lowest in the south (51.2%).<ref>{{in lang|it}} Istat, May 17, 2012</ref>


===Religious performance===
A May 2013 Ipsos poll found that 48% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and another 31% supported other forms of recognition for same-sex couples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsos-na.com/download/pr.aspx?id=12795|title=Same-Sex Marriage|date=7–21 May 2013|publisher=Ipsos|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314051755/http://www.ipsos-na.com/download/pr.aspx?id=12795|archive-date=14 March 2016}}</ref> According to an Ifop poll, conducted in May 2013, 42% of Italians supported allowing same-sex couples to marry and adopt children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifop.com/publication/enquete-sur-la-droitisation-des-opinions-publiques-europeennes/|title=Enquête sur la droitisation des opinions publiques européennes|website=IFOP}}</ref>
====Roman Catholic Church====
{{main|Catholic Church and homosexuality}}
The ] is the largest and most influential ]. It has historically been opposed to any recognition of same-sex relationships and repeatedly campaigned against the introduction of domestic partnerships and civil unions for same-sex couples in Italy.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com"/> However, there has been public disagreement on the issue among senior figures and over the last few years a more welcoming and nuanced tone towards LGBT people has become common. In 2007, ] ] compared the idea of recognising same-sex unions directly with state recognition of ] and ].<ref>Pink News 2 April 2007</ref><ref>Catholic World News. 9 April 2007</ref> He later condemned a ruling recognizing a same-sex marriage performed abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.it/20140410/italian-bishop-lambasts-gay-marriage-ruling|title=Italian bishop lambasts gay marriage ruling}}</ref> He has also described civil unions and same-sex marriages as a "Trojan horse that fundamentally weaken the institution of the family".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/11223136/Gay-marriage-a-Trojan-horse-says-Catholic-cardinal.html|title=Gay marriage a 'Trojan horse', says Catholic cardinal|date=11 November 2014|work=Telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>


However, in his book ''Credere e conoscere'', published shortly before his death in 2012, Cardinal ] disagreed with Catholic opposition to civil unions: "I disagree with the positions of those in the Church, that take issue with civil unions", he wrote. "It is not bad, instead of casual sex between men, that two people have a certain stability" and said that the "state could recognize them". Although he stated his belief that "the homosexual couple, as such, can never be totally equated to a marriage".<ref>Martini and Marino, ''Credere e conoscere'', 2012;</ref><ref>Terence Weldon, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021001726/http://queeringthechurch.com/2012/03/29/cardinal-martini-on-gay-partnerships/ |date=2012-10-21 }}, March 29, 2012, Queering The Church.</ref> With the election of ] in 2013, the Catholic Church adopted a more welcoming attitude towards LGBT people. A few months after his election, the Pope stated the now-famous ]. In 2020 and 2021, Pope Francis voiced his support for civil unions, while maintaining opposition to same-sex marriage. This view represents the Pope's personal views and did not change the official doctrine of the Church.
An October 2014 Demos poll found that 55% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage with 42% against.<ref name="2014 ssm opinion poll">{{cite web |title=Nozze gay, per la prima volta oltre la metà degli italiani dice sì |url=http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/10/12/news/nozze_gay_per_la_prima_volta_oltre_la_met_degli_italiani_dice_s-97902620/ |date=2014-10-12|work=] press release|language=it}}</ref>


In May 2022, Pope Francis chose Cardinal ] to serve a five-year term as president of the ], the official assembly of the Catholic bishops in Italy and the main body coordinating political relations between the Catholic Church and the Italian state.<ref>{{cite news | work = Crux | access-date = 3 June 2022 | url = https://cruxnow.com/church-in-europe/2022/05/new-head-of-italian-bishops-tasked-with-handling-abuse-crisis | date = 25 May 2022 | title = New head of Italian bishops tasked with handling clergy sex abuse | first = Inés | last = San Martín }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/cronaca/cei-presidente-zuppi-1.7709992 | language = it | date = 24 May 2022 | title = Zuppi è il nuovo presidente della Cei nominato dal Papa: "Farò del mio meglio" | access-date = 3 June 2022}}</ref> Zuppi is widely regarded as a "progressive" within the Church and in June 2022 he was accused of covering up the ] after their civil union in ]. According to Italian media, the blessing of Pietro Morotti and Giacomo Spagnoli reportedly took place in the presence of six priests at ] in ].<ref></ref> In December 2023, the ] published '']'', a declaration allowing ] to ] couples who are not considered to be ], including the blessing of same-sex couples.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flynn |first=JD |date=2023-12-22 |title=Is the 'false narrative' narrative a false narrative? |url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/is-the-false-narrative-narrative |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=] |language=en|archive-date=23 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223121603/https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/is-the-false-narrative-narrative |url-status=live }}</ref> Zuppi reacted to the declaration, "The Church communicates the love that explains the rule and makes it alive, and this is done by re-establishing a relationship with everyone. The world is not black and white and requires listening, discernment, acceptance. Someone may think: this way you lose the truth."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/fiducia-supplicans-whos-saying-what|title='Fiducia supplicans': Who's saying what?|work=The Pillar|first=Luke|last=Coppen|date=19 December 2023}}</ref>
The 2015 Eurobarometer found that 55% of Italians thought that same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, 35% were against.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.equineteurope.org/IMG/pdf/ebs_437_en.pdf|title=Special Eurobarometer 437|access-date=2015-10-07|archive-date=2016-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122075042/http://www.equineteurope.org/IMG/pdf/ebs_437_en.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>


====Other denominations====
In January 2016, a poll showed that 46% were in favour of same-sex civil unions with 40% against. With regards to same-sex marriage, 38% were in favour and 55% were against. Finally, 85% of those polled were against adoption by same-sex couples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quotidiano.net/adozioni-gay-unioni-civili-1.1632177|title=Gli italiani accettano le unioni civili. Ma dicono no alle adozioni per i gay - QuotidianoNet|author=MonrifNet|work=QuotidianoNet - Notizie in tempo reale}}</ref> In February 2016, days after the Senate approved the civil union bill, a new poll showed again a large majority in favour of civil unions (69%), a majority for same-sex marriage (56%), but still, only a minority approving of stepchild adoption (37%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demos.it/a01231.php?ref=HRER3-1|title=Atlante Politico 54 - febbraio 2016 - Atlante politico - Demos & Pi}}</ref>
The ] was the first Italian Christian denomination to authorise the blessing of same-sex couples in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2010/08/27/i-valdesi-riconoscono-le-coppie-gay-primo-si-in-italia/53688/|title=Coppie gay, storica apertura della Chiesa valdese. Ma si aspetta ancora una legge|date=August 27, 2010|website=Il Fatto Quotidiano}}</ref> In 2017, it allowed its clergy to bless same-sex civil unions as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20170825-italian-protestant-church-says-i-do-gay-blessings|title=Italian Protestant church says I do to gay 'blessings'|work=France24|location=Rome|date=25 August 2017}}</ref> Similarly, the ] has allowed pastors to bless same-sex unions since 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://changingattitude.org.uk/archives/3566|title=The Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Italy says yes to the blessing of same-sex couples|author=Changing Attitude|work=Changing Attitude|access-date=23 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722085855/http://changingattitude.org.uk/archives/3566|archive-date=22 July 2015}}</ref>


==Public opinion==
A ] poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 59% of Italians supported same-sex marriage, 38% were opposed and 3% didn't know or refused to answer.<ref>, ''Pew Research Center'', 29 May 2018</ref> When divided by religion, 83% of religiously unaffiliated people, 70% of non-practicing Christians and 44% of church-attending Christians supported same-sex marriage.<ref>, ''Pew Research Center'', 29 May 2018</ref> Opposition was 27% among 18-34-year-olds.<ref>, ], 2017</ref>
According to a February 2007 poll by '']'', 67% of Italian Catholics backed the draft civil union bill proposed at the time, but only 35% thought it should apply to same-sex couples. 80% of ] said they supported the law.<ref>{{cite news|first=Troy|last=Espera|title=Italian catholics say Vatican's same-sex marriage opposition goes too far|url=http://www.gmax.co.za/look07/02/19-italy.html|publisher=GMax.co.za|date=19 February 2007|access-date=2007-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927175032/http://www.gmax.co.za/look07/02/19-italy.html|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> The 2006 ] survey showed that 31% of Italians thought that same-sex marriages should be allowed throughout ] and 24% were in favour of allowing adoption by same-sex couples. This was below the ] average of 44% and 32% respectively.<ref>{{cite news|title = EB66|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb66/eb66_highlights_en.pdf|work=]|date=December 2006|access-date=2007-10-26}}</ref> A Eurispes poll conducted in early 2009 showed that 40.4% of Italians supported same-sex marriage and 18.5% supported civil unions but not marriage. Thus, 58.9% of respondents supported some form of recognition for same-sex couples. The only area with majority support for same-sex marriage was in the north-west (] and ], where 54.8% were in favour). Nevertheless, in every ] except ], a majority supported some form of recognition for same-sex couples. Among those who considered themselves on the political left, 66.5% supported same-sex marriage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Italiani più avanti della politica|url=http://www.arcigay.it/italiani-piu-avanti-della-politica|date=2009-06-12|work=] press release|language=it|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003203131/http://www.arcigay.it/italiani-piu-avanti-della-politica|archive-date=2009-10-03}}</ref> The same poll was repeated in January 2010, when 41.0% of respondents supported same-sex marriage and 20.4% supported civil unions but not marriage. Thus, support for some form of recognition for same-sex couples had risen to 61.4%.<ref> Arcigay, January 29, 2010</ref>


On the occasion of the ] on 17 May 2012, the National Bureau of Statistics (ISTAT) released an official governmental report on attitudes towards ] among the Italian population. The poll, conducted in 2011, found that 62.8% of interviewees were in favour of civil unions with the same rights as marriage. Those who agreed with same-sex marriage were 43.9%, with residents in central Italy (52.6%), 18–34 years old (53.4%) and women (47%) being the geographical, age and gender categories most in favour. Significantly, every region supported civil unions, with support being highest in central Italy (72.2%) and lowest in the south (51.2%).<ref>{{in lang|it}} Istat, May 17, 2012</ref>
In 2019, a poll conducted by Eurispes found that 51% of Italians supported the legalisation of same-sex marriage. Same-sex adoption was supported by 31.1%, while 68.9% were against it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaynews.it/primo-piano/item/1898-eurispes-rapporto-italia-in-aumento-le-persone-favorevoli-adozione-da-parte-di-coppie-omosessuali-3-su-10-lgbt.html|title=Eurispes, secondo il Rapporto Italia in aumento le persone favorevoli all'adozione da parte di coppie omosessuali: 3|work=GayNews|date=31 January 2019|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> According to a May 2019 ] poll, 58% of Italians were in favour of same-sex marriage.<ref name="ipsos"/>


A May 2013 ] poll found that 48% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and another 31% supported other forms of legal recognition for same-sex couples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsos-na.com/download/pr.aspx?id=12795|title=Same-Sex Marriage|date=7–21 May 2013|publisher=Ipsos|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314051755/http://www.ipsos-na.com/download/pr.aspx?id=12795|archive-date=14 March 2016}}</ref> According to an ] poll conducted in May 2013, 42% of Italians supported allowing same-sex couples to marry and adopt children.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ifop.com/publication/enquete-sur-la-droitisation-des-opinions-publiques-europeennes/|title=Enquête sur la droitisation des opinions publiques européennes|website=IFOP}}</ref> An October 2014 ] poll found that 55% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage with 42% against.<ref name="2014 ssm opinion poll">{{cite web |title=Nozze gay, per la prima volta oltre la metà degli italiani dice sì |url=http://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/10/12/news/nozze_gay_per_la_prima_volta_oltre_la_met_degli_italiani_dice_s-97902620/ |date=2014-10-12|work=] press release|language=it}}</ref> Similarly, the 2015 Eurobarometer found that 55% of Italians thought that same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 35% were against.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.equineteurope.org/IMG/pdf/ebs_437_en.pdf|title=Special Eurobarometer 437|access-date=2015-10-07|archive-date=2016-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122075042/http://www.equineteurope.org/IMG/pdf/ebs_437_en.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The 2019 Eurobarometer found that 58% of Italians thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, 35% were against.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/87771|title=Eurobarometer on Discrimination 2019: The social acceptance of LGBTI people in the EU|publisher=European Commission|work=TNS|access-date=23 September 2019|page=2}}</ref>


In January 2016, a IPR Marketing poll showed that 46% of respondents were in favour of same-sex civil unions with 40% against. With regard to same-sex marriage, 38% of respondents were in favour and 55% were against. In addition, 85% of those polled were against adoption by same-sex couples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quotidiano.net/adozioni-gay-unioni-civili-1.1632177|title=Gli italiani accettano le unioni civili. Ma dicono no alle adozioni per i gay - QuotidianoNet|author=MonrifNet|work=QuotidianoNet - Notizie in tempo reale|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130134807/https://www.quotidiano.net/adozioni-gay-unioni-civili-1.1632177|archive-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> In February 2016, days after the Senate approved the civil union bill, a Demos poll showed again a large majority in favour of civil unions (69%), a majority for same-sex marriage (56%), but still only a minority approving of stepchild adoption (37%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demos.it/a01231.php?ref=HRER3-1|title=Atlante Politico 54 - febbraio 2016 - Atlante politico - Demos & Pi}}</ref> A ] poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 59% of Italians supported same-sex marriage, 38% were opposed and 3% did not know or had refused to answer.<ref>, ''Pew Research Center'', 29 May 2018</ref> When divided by religion, 83% of religiously unaffiliated people, 70% of non-practicing Christians and 44% of church-attending Christians supported same-sex marriage.<ref>, ''Pew Research Center'', 29 May 2018</ref> Opposition was 27% among 18–34-year-olds.<ref>, ], 2017</ref>
A ] poll conducted between February and May 2023 showed that 74% of Italians supported same-sex marriage and that 26% were opposed. When divided by political affiliation, support was highest among those on the left of the political spectrum at 88%, followed by those at the center at 74% and those on the right at 66%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/06/13/how-people-in-24-countries-view-same-sex-marriage/|title=How people in 24 countries view same-sex marriage|work=Pew Research Center|date=13 June 2023}}</ref>


In 2019, a poll conducted by Eurispes found that 51% of Italians supported the legalisation of same-sex marriage. Adoption was supported by 31% of respondents, while 69% were opposed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gaynews.it/2019/01/31/eurispes-rapporto-italia-in-aumento-le-persone-favorevoli-adozione-da-parte-di-coppie-omosessuali-3-su-10-lgbt/|title=Eurispes, secondo il Rapporto Italia in aumento le persone favorevoli all'adozione da parte di coppie omosessuali: 3 su 10 (VIDEO)|work=GayNews|date=31 January 2019|language=it}}</ref> According to a May 2019 Ipsos poll, 58% of Italians were in favour of same-sex marriage.<ref name="ipsos">{{cite web |url=https://www.ipsos.com/en/lgbt-pride-2021-global-survey-points-generation-gap-around-gender-identity-and-sexual-attraction |title=LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey Points to a Generation Gap Around Gender Identity and Sexual Attraction |date=June 9, 2021 |website=Ipsos |access-date=July 22, 2021 |archive-date=June 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610112136/https://www.ipsos.com/en/lgbt-pride-2021-global-survey-points-generation-gap-around-gender-identity-and-sexual-attraction |url-status=dead }}</ref> Similarly, the 2019 Eurobarometer found that 58% of Italians thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 35% were against.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/87771|title=Eurobarometer on Discrimination 2019: The social acceptance of LGBTI people in the EU|publisher=European Commission|work=TNS|access-date=23 September 2019|page=2}}</ref> A Pew Research Center poll conducted between February and May 2023 showed that 74% of Italians supported same-sex marriage and 26% were opposed. When divided by political affiliation, support was highest among those on the left of the political spectrum at 88%, followed by those at the center at 74% and those on the right at 66%.<ref name="pew">{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/06/13/how-people-in-24-countries-view-same-sex-marriage/|title=How people in 24 countries view same-sex marriage|work=Pew Research Center|date=13 June 2023}}</ref> The 2023 Eurobarometer poll found that 69% of Italians thought that same sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 29% were against.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2972|title=Eurobarometer 2023: Discrimination in the European Union|access-date=1 January 2024|work=europa.eu}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Italians support for gay rights
! 2009
! 2010
! 2012
! 2013
! 2014
! 2016
! 2017
! 2019
! 2021<ref name="ipsos">{{cite web |url=https://www.ipsos.com/en/lgbt-pride-2021-global-survey-points-generation-gap-around-gender-identity-and-sexual-attraction |title=LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey Points to a Generation Gap Around Gender Identity and Sexual Attraction |date=June 9, 2021 |website=Ipsos |access-date=July 22, 2021 |archive-date=June 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610112136/https://www.ipsos.com/en/lgbt-pride-2021-global-survey-points-generation-gap-around-gender-identity-and-sexual-attraction |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! '''<span style="color:green;">YES</span>'''
! '''<span style="color:green;">YES</span>'''
! '''<span style="color:green;">YES</span>'''
! '''<span style="color:green;">YES</span>'''
! '''<span style="color:green;">YES</span>'''
! '''<span style="color:green;">YES</span>'''
! '''<span style="color:green;">YES</span>'''
! '''<span style="color:green;">YES</span>'''
! '''<span style="color:green;">YES</span>'''
|-
! recognition for same-sex couples
| '''<span style="color:green;">58.9%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">61.4%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">62.8%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">79%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">-</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">69%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">-</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">66%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">83%</span>'''
|-
! same-sex marriage
| '''<span style="color:red;">40.4%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">41%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">43.9%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">48%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">55%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">56%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">59%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">58%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:green;">63%</span>'''
|-
! civil unions but not marriage
| '''<span style="color:red;">18.5%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">20.4%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">18.9%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">31%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">-</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">13%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">-</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">8%</span>'''
| '''<span style="color:red;">20%</span>'''
|}


== See also == == See also ==
{{Portal|Italy|LGBTQ}}
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]


==Notes== ==Notes==
Line 1,420: Line 1,354:


==External links== ==External links==
*{{cite web|url=https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2016/05/21/16G00082/sg|title=LEGGE 20 maggio 2016, n. 76 (Regolamentazione delle unioni civili tra persone dello stesso sesso e disciplina delle convivenze).|website=gazetteaufficiale.it|language=it}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2016/05/21/16G00082/sg|title=LEGGE 20 maggio 2016, n. 76 (Regolamentazione delle unioni civili tra persone dello stesso sesso e disciplina delle convivenze).|website= Gazzetta Ufficiale|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618160212/https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2016/05/21/16G00082/sg|archive-date=18 June 2016|trans-title=Regulation of civil unions between persons of the same sex and discipline of cohabitation}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.dirittierisposte.it/Schede/Famiglia/Convivenza-e-unioni-di-fatto/unioni_civili_id1110444_art.aspx|title=Cosa sono le unioni civili?|website=dirittierisposte.it|language=it}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.dirittierisposte.it/Schede/Famiglia/Convivenza-e-unioni-di-fatto/unioni_civili_id1110444_art.aspx|title=Cosa sono le unioni civili?|website=Altalex|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618221218/http://www.dirittierisposte.it/Schede/Famiglia/Convivenza-e-unioni-di-fatto/unioni_civili_id1110444_art.aspx|archive-date=18 June 2016|trans-title=What are civil unions?}}


{{LGBT in Italy}}
{{Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe}} {{Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe}}
{{Status of same-sex unions}}


] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 00:06, 8 January 2025

Part of the LGBTQ rights series
Legal status of
same-sex unions
Marriage

Recognized

Civil unions or registered partnerships but not marriage
Minimal recognition
See also
Notes
  1. ^ Performed in the Netherlands proper (including the Caribbean Netherlands), as well as in Aruba and Curaçao. May be registered in Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  2. Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau, or the Cook Islands.
  3. Neither performed nor recognized in six British Overseas Territories.
  4. ^ Neither performed nor recognized in some tribal nations of the US. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and American Samoa.
  5. Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights in Israel. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
  6. ^ The Coman v. Romania ruling of the European Court of Justice obliges the state to provide residency rights for the foreign spouses of EU citizens. Some member states, including Romania, do not follow the ruling.
  7. A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.
  8. Guardianship agreements confer some limited legal benefits in China, including decisions about medical and personal care.
  9. Hong Kong provides inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
  10. Indian courts have recognised guru–shishya, nata pratha or maitri karar–type contractual relationships, but they are not legally binding.
  11. Most Japanese cities and prefectures issue partnership certificates, but they are not legally binding.
  12. Marriages conducted abroad between a Namibian national and a foreign spouse provide residency rights in Namibia.
  13. Romania provides hospital visitation rights through a "legal representative" status.
  1. Not yet in effect.
LGBTQ portal

Italy has recognised civil unions since 5 June 2016, providing same-sex couples with most of the legal protections, benefits and rights of marriage. A bill to this effect was approved by the Senate on 25 February 2016 and by the Chamber of Deputies on 11 May. It was signed into law by President Sergio Mattarella on 20 May, published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale the next day and took effect on 5 June 2016. The law does not grant same-sex couples joint adoption rights or access to in vitro fertilisation. Before this, several regions had supported a national law on civil unions and some municipalities passed laws providing for civil unions, though the rights conferred by these unions varied from place to place.

Italy remains one of the last countries in Western Europe not to have legalized same-sex marriage. Polling suggests that a majority of Italians support the legal recognition of same-sex marriage.

Civil unions

Background

In 1986, the Inter-Parliamentary Women's Communist group (Interparlamentare donne Comuniste) and Arcigay, Italy's largest LGBT rights organization, raised the issue of civil unions in the Italian Parliament for the first time. This was led by Ersilia Salvato in the Italian Senate and by Romano Bianchi and Angela Maria Bottari in the lower house who together attempted to introduce draft legislation. In 1988, following lobbying by Arcigay, lawyer and Socialist parliamentarian Alma Cappiello Agate introduced the first such bill to Parliament, calling for the acknowledgement of cohabitation between "persons". The bill failed, but Cappiello's proposal received wide coverage in the press. During the 1990s, a succession of civil union bills was regularly introduced and rejected in Parliament, bolstered by discussion in the European Parliament on equal rights for gays and lesbians. During the XIII Legislature from 1996 to 2001, at least ten bills were presented to Parliament, notably by Salvato, Nichi Vendola, Luigi Manconi, Graziano Cioni, and Luciana Sbarbati; however, none of them made it to a discussion on the floor of the Chamber of Deputies or the Senate.

In September 2003, the European Parliament approved a new resolution on human rights against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Each member state had to confirm it would work to abolish any form of discrimination. During the XIV Legislature, proposals for civil unions with support from across party lines were submitted to Parliament. On 8 July 2002, Franco Grillini, an MP for the Democrats of the Left, submitted for the first time a bill to legalise same-sex marriage. However, the French civil solidarity pact (PACS) model was given particular resonance by the union of Alessio De Giorgi and Christian Pierre Panicucci on 21 October 2002 at the French embassy in Rome. On the same day, Grillini introduced a bill to the Chamber of Deputies to establish civil solidarity pacts in Italy. It ultimately failed, but was supported by 161 centre-left MPs. PACS remained a centrepiece in the public discourse on the rights of same-sex couples in Italy. This changed in 2005 when Spain's legalization of same-sex marriage received wide coverage in Italy and triggered extensive political discussions.

Failed attempts in 2006–2008

During the 2006 electoral campaign, Romano Prodi, leader of The Union, promised to introduce legislation recognising cohabiting same-sex couples if elected. Prodi's centre-left coalition subsequently won a majority of seats in Parliament and was able to form the Prodi II Government. In February 2007, the government introduced a draft bill to recognise domestic partnerships under the name Diritti e doveri delle persone stabilmente Conviventi (DiCo; "Rights and duties of stable cohabitants"). The bill faced considerable opposition from the Catholic Church, and in the Senate from the majority of the right-wing opposition, but also from certain elements within Prodi's fractious coalition. Delays meant the bill could not reach the floor for a conclusive vote.

A demonstration was held in Rome on 10 March 2007 in support of the legislation. Thousands of activists waved alarm clocks in the air, signalling it was "high time" for such a law. Some government officials, including Minister for Equal Opportunities Barbara Pollastrini and Minister for Social Solidarity Paolo Ferrero, took part in the demonstration and were later criticized by Prodi for their participation. Two days later, the Episcopal Conference of Italy (CEI) staged a counter-demonstration, also in Rome. Police sources claimed that about 800,000 people participated in the demonstration, including some Catholic government ministers such as Clemente Mastella and Giuseppe Fioroni. On 16 June, the annual Rome pride parade hit a record attendance of about 1,000,000 demonstrators. The parade had a strong political flavour, as LGBT associations meant it to be a response to the opposition demonstrations.

The DiCo bill was merged with other civil union proposals in late 2007 and the Senate's Judiciary Committee began discussing a new draft bill known as "Contract for Social Unions" (Contratto di Unione Solidale). Nevertheless, in February 2008, an early election was called, thus dissolving Parliament. All pending legislation died in committee. Two Italian filmmakers, Gustav Hofer and Luca Ragazzi, directed the award-winning documentary Suddenly, Last Winter (Improvvisamente l'inverno scorso) on the DiCo bill.

Developments in 2008–2015

There was no majority in Parliament in favour of the legal recognition of same-sex unions following the 2008 general election. Although the governing majority, The People of Freedom and Lega Nord, of the new government under Silvio Berlusconi, was elected without promising any improvement for the rights of same-sex couples, some party members, including Minister for Innovation and Public Administration Renato Brunetta, along with Socialist MPs Lucio Barani and Francesco De Lucia, acted independently and submitted civil union legislation to the Parliament in September 2008. The proposed private member's bill, which was called Diritti e Doveri di Reciprocità dei conviventi (DiDoRe; "Mutual rights and duties for cohabiting partners"), was unsuccessful. If it had been adopted, it would have only been akin to unregistered cohabitation, as it did not provide for a public registry system. Following Berlusconi's resignation in 2011, a new government under Mario Monti was formed, but it also did not advance any legislation on same-sex relationships.

Local civil union registries

Demonstrators in favour of civil unions in Milan, February 2006

In July 2012, Mayor Giuliano Pisapia promised to introduce a formal registry for same-sex unions in Milan, which would be designed to afford some legal protections to cohabiting same-sex couples. However, these protections would not be equivalent to marriage rights. A spokesman for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan responded by arguing there was a "risk that giving equal status to families based on marriage with those founded on civil unions will legitimise polygamy". The City Council of Milan approved the registry on 27 July 2012 in a 29–7 vote. The City Council of Rome approved a similar registry in January 2015, in a 32–10 vote. The registry came into effect on 21 May 2015. Twenty couples registered their unions at Rome City Hall that day.

In January 2013, a hospital in Padua began using new parent bracelets using the gender-neutral term "parent" rather than "mother" or "father". In August 2013, a Venice city councillor proposed to replace the terms "mother" and "father" in local documents with the terms "parent 1" and "parent 2". The project ignited a debate in which Minister of Integration Cécile Kyenge intervened and praised the bid. The motion was later not pursued. A similar motion was approved in Bologna, replacing the terms "mother" and "father" with "parent" and "other parent" in local school documents.

On 4 March 2015, the Sicilian Regional Assembly voted by 50 votes to 5 in favour of the creation of a regional civil union registry that allows couples of any sex to access regional government benefits. The law was strongly supported by President Rosario Crocetta. Liguria and Sicily are the only two regions with such legislation. By early 2016, more than 320 municipalities had introduced civil union registries providing same-sex couples with formal recognition and equal access to municipal services as other cohabiting or married opposite-sex couples, the first being Empoli in 1993. Due to the limited number of services managed at the local level in Italy, these registries mostly have a symbolic value and are not legally binding for third parties. Major cities offering civil union registries include Rome, Milan, Bologna, Padua, Florence, Pisa, Bolzano, Palermo, Naples, Genoa, Bari, Catania, Brescia and Turin.

Passage of legislation in 2016

Civil Union Law
Italian Parliament
Long title
  • Regulation of civil unions between people of the same sex and of cohabitations
CitationLaw No. 76 of 2016
Enacted bySenate of the Republic
Enacted byChamber of Deputies
Signed bySergio Mattarella
Signed20 May 2016
Commenced5 June 2016
Legislative history
First chamber: Senate of the Republic
Introduced byMonica Cirinnà
Passed25 February 2016
Voting summary
  • 173 voted for
  • 71 voted against
Second chamber: Chamber of Deputies
Passed11 May 2016
Voting summary
  • 372 voted for
  • 51 voted against
  • 99 abstained
Amends
Italian Civil Code
Summary
Introduces civil unions for same-sex couples and legally recognizes cohabitations for all couples
Status: Current legislation

In July 2012, the Democratic Party (PD) approved a party platform supporting the legal recognition of same-sex unions. The secular wing of the party tried to pass a motion in favour of same-sex marriage, but this did not gather enough support from party members. Beppe Grillo, leader of the Five Star Movement, criticised the decision and spoke out in favour of marriage for same-sex couples.

Following the 2013 Italian general election, the Letta Government was formed by members from the Democratic Party, The People of Freedom (PdL) and Civic Choice (SC). Only the Democratic Party and Left Ecology Freedom (SEL) had pledged their support for same-sex union recognition during the political campaign. On 14 May 2013, the Italian Parliament extended healthcare benefits to MPs' same-sex partners. This rule had already been in effect for heterosexual partners for several decades. The same month, an Italian judge registered a British civil partnership contracted by two Italian men. The registration occurred in Milan and the couple was registered in the local civil union registry approved in 2012. The Minister of Equal Opportunities, Sport and Youth Policies, Josefa Idem (PD), later announced she would introduce a parliamentary bill to recognise same-sex unions. In June, the Senate's Justice Committee began examining several bills concerning the recognition of same-sex couples. Three bills would have allowed same-sex couples to marry, while three other bills would allow cohabiting couples to register their partnerships.

On 15 December 2013, the newly-elected secretary of the Democratic Party, Matteo Renzi, announced that the party would work on the recognition of same-sex relationships. While campaigning during the party primary elections, Renzi referred to the German registered life partnerships as a model for legislation in Italy. German partnerships were only open to same-sex couples, and by 2013 their scope had expanded to be almost equivalent to marriage, except in name and full adoption rights. After Enrico Letta's resignation in February 2014, Renzi was appointed prime minister and formed a new government on 22 February 2014. Leading Italian politicians, including the mayors of Rome, Milan and Bologna, Ignazio Marino, Giuliano Pisapia and Virginio Merola, pressed for such legislation to be urgently passed. In Autumn 2014, the government tabled a bill for debate in Parliament. The bill was reviewed by the Senate's Justice Committee but was delayed several times due to filibustering from the New Centre-Right. The bill would have guaranteed same-sex couples almost all of the rights and benefits reserved for marriage, including the ability to adopt a partner's child (i.e. stepchild adoption). It was supported by a large majority in Parliament: the Democratic Party, the Five Star Movement, some members of Forza Italia, and Left Ecology Freedom. Some MPs opposed stepchild adoption, while others called for same-sex marriage.

On 10 June 2015, the Chamber of Deputies passed a motion formally supporting the introduction of civil unions for same-sex couples. All major parties presented different motions, but all were rejected except for the motion proposed by the Democratic Party. On 21 July 2015, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in the case of Oliari and Others v. Italy that Italy violated Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights by not recognising same-sex couples' right to family life. On 6 October 2015, a proposal merging several previous bills and establishing same-sex civil unions (Italian: unione civile, pronounced [uˈnjoːne tʃiˈviːle]) and gender-neutral cohabitation agreements was submitted to the Italian Senate by Monica Cirinnà, MP for the ruling Democratic Party. The bill underwent its first reading in the Senate on 14 October 2015. Although Silvio Berlusconi, the leader of the opposition Forza Italia party, supported the bill and stepchild adoption, many MPs from his party criticised or opposed the bill. Stepchild adoption was the most contentious issue across party lines and was vehemently opposed by the New Centre-Right, a Christian Democratic party part of the governing coalition and whose votes were necessary to reach a majority in the Senate, where the government's majority was slim. After having failed to garner support in Parliament from enough opposition MPs, the government asked for a confidence vote on an amended version of the bill which did not contain the contentious provisions on stepchild adoption.

On 25 February 2016, the bill was approved by the Italian Senate in a 173–71 vote. The law provides same-sex couples with most of the rights of marriage with the exception of adoption rights and access to in vitro fertilisation. On 8 March, the Chamber of Deputies' Justice Committee began discussing the bill, and ultimately approved it on 20 April. The Chamber approved the bill on 11 May in a 372–51 vote with 99 abstentions. It was subsequently signed into law by President Sergio Mattarella on 20 May. The law was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale on 21 May and took effect on 5 June 2016. On 21 July, the Italian Council of State approved a government decree creating civil union registries across the country, allowing the first civil unions to be registered in Italy. The first same-sex couple entered into a civil union in Castel San Pietro Terme, Emilia-Romagna on 24 July.

25 February 2016 vote in the Senate of the Republic
Parliamentary group Voted for Voted against Abstained Absent (Did not vote)
  Democratic Party 108 – – 3
  Forza Italia – 34 – 6
  Five Star Movement – – – 35
  New Centre Right 26 – – 6
  Mixed Group 5 10
  • Laura Bignami
  • Fabrizio Bocchino
  • Francesco Campanella
  • Massimo Cervellini
  • Peppe De Cristofaro
  • Loredana De Petris
  • Marino Mastrangeli
  • Maria Mussini
  • Alessia Petraglia
  • Maurizio Rossi
 – 11
  • Giovanni Barozzino
  • Raffaela Bellot
  • Patrizia Bisinella
  • Cristina De Pietro
  • Corradino Mineo
  • Francesco Molinari
  • Emanuela Munerato
  • Ivana Simeone
  • Dario Stefano
  • Luciano Uras
  • Giuseppe Vacciano
  For the Autonomies 12
  • Lorenzo Battista
  • Hans Berger
  • Enrico Buemi
  • Vittorio Fravezzi
  • Albert Laniece
  • Fausto Longo
  • Giorgio Napolitano
  • Andrea Olivero
  • Luis Alberto Orellana
  • Francesco Palermo
  • Lucio Romano
  • Karl Zeller
 – – 8
  Liberal Popular Alliance 18
  • Francesco Maria Amoruso
  • Domenico Auricchio
  • Lucio Barani
  • Sandro Bondi
  • Giuseppe Compagnone
  • Riccardo Conti
  • Vincenzo D'Anna
  • Ciro Falanga
  • Adele Gambaro
  • Pietro Iurlaro
  • Pietro Langella
  • Eva Longo
  • Riccardo Mazzoni
  • Lionello Marco Pagnoncelli
  • Enrico Piccinelli
  • Manuela Repetti
  • Giuseppe Ruvolo
  • Denis Verdini
 – – 1
  • Antonio Scavone
  Great Autonomies and Freedom 4
  • Michelino Davico
  • Angela D'Onghia
  • Paolo Naccarato
  • Riccardo Villari
 9 – 2
  Lega Nord – 9 – 3
  Conservatives and Reformists – 9 – 1
  • Luigi Compagna
Total 173 71 0 76
54.1% 22.2% 0.0% 23.8%
11 May 2016 vote in the Chamber of Deputies
Parliamentary group Voted for Voted against Abstained Absent (Did not vote)
  Democratic Party 278 – 1
  • Demetrio Battaglia
 22
  Five Star Movement – – 78 13
  Mixed Group 28 11
  • Matteo Bragantini
  • Gianfranco Giovanni Chiarelli
  • Nicola Ciracì
  • Antonio Distaso
  • Cosimo Latronico
  • Rudi Marguerettaz
  • Roberto Marti
  • Rocco Palese
  • Mauro Pili
  • Emanuele Prataviera
  • Eugenia Roccella
 13 10
  Forza Italia 10 21 2 20
  New Centre Right 11 3 1 16
  Left Ecology Freedom – Possible 27
  • Giorgio Airaudo
  • Franco Bordo
  • Celestina Costantino
  • Alfredo D'Attorre
  • Donatella Duranti
  • Daniele Farina
  • Claudio Fava
  • Vincenzo Folino
  • Nicola Fratoianni
  • Carlo Galli
  • Giancarlo Giordano
  • Monica Gregori
  • Florian Kronbichler
  • Giulio Marcon
  • Giovanna Martelli
  • Gianni Melilla
  • Marisa Nicchi
  • Marisa Nicchi
  • Erasmo Palazzotto
  • Annalisa Pannarale
  • Serena Pellegrino
  • Michele Piras
  • Antonio Placido
  • Stefano Quaranta
  • Lara Ricciatti
  • Arturo Scotto
  • Adriano Zaccagnini
 – – 4
  Civic Choice 14
  • Alberto Bombassei
  • Ilaria Capua
  • Angelo Antonio D'Agostino
  • Adriana Galgano
  • Gianfranco Librandi
  • Salvatore Matarrese
  • Andrea Mazziotti Di Celso
  • Bruno Molea
  • Giovanni Monchiero
  • Roberta Oliaro
  • Giovanni Palladino
  • Mariano Rabino
  • Pierpaolo Vargiu
  • Valentina Vezzali
 – – 6
  Lega Nord – 13 – 4
  Solidary Democracy – Democratic Centre 4 2
  • Gian Luigi Gigli
  • Mario Sberna
 4 3
  Brothers of Italy – 1 – 9
Total 372 51 99 107
59.1% 8.1% 15.7% 17.0%

Statistics

A couple showing their civil union license in Olginate, October 2016

12 same-sex civil unions had been performed in Italy by August 2016. No civil unions had taken place in Rome by then; the first civil union in Rome was performed on 17 September 2016. By 2022, 18,317 civil unions had taken place in Italy, mostly in Lombardy, Lazio, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany and Piedmont.

Number of civil unions in Italy
Region 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total
Abruzzo 22 39 24 30 22 22 30 189
Aosta Valley 4 12 7 6 2 2 6 39
Apulia 46 108 74 73 58 79 95 533
Basilicata 2 10 3 7 1 6 6 35
Calabria 6 17 6 9 3 16 17 74
Campania 89 168 103 91 62 111 137 761
Emilia-Romagna 231 439 280 213 153 218 278 1,812
Friuli-Venezia Giulia 34 79 42 32 18 26 47 278
Lazio 275 767 425 352 257 297 386 2,759
Liguria 119 134 89 82 49 75 114 662
Lombardy 595 1,073 701 562 362 468 640 4,401
Marche 49 57 39 32 25 46 58 306
Molise 1 3 2 7 2 2 3 20
Piedmont 251 417 248 220 126 196 244 1,702
Sardinia 35 70 48 46 20 36 60 315
Sicily 70 122 128 94 71 107 117 709
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 43 89 39 32 29 43 49 324
Tuscany 246 405 264 201 144 207 260 1,727
Umbria 35 48 37 29 21 35 37 242
Veneto 183 319 249 179 114 156 229 1,429
Total 2,336 4,376 2,808 2,297 1,539 2,148 2,813 18,317

Same-sex marriage

Laws regarding same-sex partnerships in Europe¹   Marriage   Civil union   Limited domestic recognition (cohabitation)   Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)   Unrecognized   Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples ¹ May include recent laws or court decisions that have not yet entered into effect.

History

Bills legalising same-sex marriage have been submitted to the Italian Parliament several times since Franco Grillini, an MP for the Democrats of the Left, first presented a proposal to the Chamber of Deputies in July 2002. It would take 10 more years before a party represented in Parliament made same-sex marriage part of their party policy goals. In May 2012, Antonio Di Pietro, political leader of the Italy of Values party, said, "Our party has been the first in Italy to follow US President Barack Obama. We invite other Italian parties to support gay marriage. You don't have to be shy, you have to say yes". In July 2012, he submitted a same-sex marriage bill to the Chamber of Deputies, but it was never debated by Parliament. Following the 2013 general election, several bills were presented to Parliament, with some also granting full adoption rights and automatic recognition of the spouse's children. However, none of these bills advanced to the committee stage. As parliamentary discussions focused on the recognition of cohabitation agreements and registered partnerships for same-sex couples, debate on same-sex marriage was relatively limited until passage of civil union legislation in 2016. However, the topic was far from absent from public discourse. It has been a demand of the Italian LGBT movement since at least the early 2000s and the subject of several judicial cases involving recognition of same-sex marriages performed abroad.

Recognition of marriages performed abroad

On 9 April 2014, a court in Grosseto ordered that a same-sex marriage contracted abroad be recognised in the municipality. However, the order was later voided by the Florence Court of Appeal. Grosseto was followed by several cities in recognising same-sex marriages validly performed abroad, including the cities of Bologna, Naples and Fano in July 2014, Empoli, Pordenone, Udine and Trieste in September 2014, and Florence, Piombino, Milan, Rome and Livorno in October 2014. In October 2014, Minister of the Interior Angelino Alfano ordered all prefects to invalidate any registration of same-sex marriages performed abroad, arguing that the Italian Civil Code made no mention of same-sex marriage and any attempt to recognise one was therefore illegal. The legal system had already been used to stop some mayors from recognising same-sex unions, but many such cases were ultimately dismissed by the courts after failing to determine a particular offence. Indeed, a public prosecutor in Udine had ruled that a prefect may not invalidate marriages registered by municipal mayors. On 9 March 2015, the Lazio Regional Administrative Court suspended Alfano's order because only civil courts may annul the registration of same-sex marriages contracted abroad. However, the court also found that overseas marriages could not be recognized in Italy because of the lack of domestic legislation.

Alfano subsequently appealed the case to the Council of State, Italy's highest administrative court. In October 2015, the court reversed the judgement, ruling that it was within the role of prefectures to ensure that all public acts are legal. Thus, same-sex marriages contracted abroad cannot be recognised in Italy and all registrations must be annulled. Activists complained that Carlo Deodato, the Council of State judge who drafted the sentence, defined himself as "Catholic, married and father of two" and had previously expressed his disapproval of same-sex marriage via Twitter and therefore could not be considered impartial. They promised to take an appeal to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) if necessary.

On 31 January 2017, the Italian Constitutional Court ruled that a same-sex marriage conducted between two women in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France must be recognized in Italy. The court refused to hear the case of the mayor of Santo Stefano del Sole, who had appealed an earlier sentence passed down from the Naples Court of Appeal that the marriage be officially recognized. One of two women had the right to claim Italian citizenship jus sanguinis. Thus, refusal to recognize the union was seen as being in direct violation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, of the fundamental rights of European citizens, of the right of free movement for citizens throughout the member states and of the basis of non-discrimination. On 14 December 2017, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Italy's refusal to legally recognise the marriages of same-sex couples contracted abroad violates the couples' rights to private and family life. The six plaintiff couples in this case, three of whom had married in Canada, 2 in the Netherlands and 1 in California, sought to have their marriages registered in Italy but officials had refused, citing a 2001 order by the Ministry of Internal Affairs that same-sex marriage was "contrary to the norms of public order". The court also ordered Italy to pay monetary compensation to the couples.

In May 2018, the Court of Cassation ruled that same-sex marriages performed abroad cannot be recognized in Italy. Instead, couples must register their partnerships as a civil union, regardless of whether they wed before or after Italy introduced civil unions in 2016. The ruling is the final judgement on an appeal lodged by an Italian-Brazilian couple who had married in Brazil in 2012, and then performed another ceremony in Portugal in 2013. The couple sought to have their marriage recognized under Italian law but were denied, prompting them to mount a legal challenge. The judges agreed with an earlier appellate court ruling on the case, which stated that Italian law would recognise married same-sex couples only as civil unions. The couple argued that the move constituted discriminatory "downgrading" of their relationship status. The Court of Cassation, however, judged that civil unions provide most of the same legal protections as marriages, and therefore could not be considered discrimination. "Same-sex marriage does not correspond to the model of matrimony outlined in our legal system," the judges stated, ruling that Italy may legitimately use its "legislative discretion" to exclude same-sex couples from marriage so long as a valid alternative is available to them.

Developments in 2016–present

A same-sex couple at a rally for equal marriage, Milan, 2010

During the 2018 general election, the only party openly campaigning for same-sex marriage and achieving parliamentary representation was Free and Equal, which won 14 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 4 in the Senate. A couple of bills legalizing same-sex marriage were submitted by Senator Monica Cirinnà of the Democratic Party and Senator Alessandra Maiorino of the Five Star Movement in March and May 2018, but neither advanced beyond the committee stage in Parliament. Following the 2022 general election, same-sex marriage became a prominent issue in Italian politics for the first time, with the Five Star Movement, the Democratic Party, the Greens and Left Alliance and More Europe all endorsing same-sex marriage and full adoption rights in their electoral platforms (although the Democratic Party did not take an official stance on adoption). However, these parties lack a majority of parliamentary seats. Three bills were presented to the Senate by senators Simona Malpezzi, Maiorino, and Ivan Scalfarotto in 2022, and two bills to the Chamber of Deputies by MPs Marco Grimaldi and Chiara Appendino in October and November 2022. On 27 December 2022, Senator Maiorino's bill advanced to the committee stage but has yet to be reviewed by the Senate's Justice Committee.

On 26 February 2023, Elly Schlein won the primary elections of the Democratic Party on a campaign platform advocating for same-sex marriage and full adoption rights.

Court cases

Two women dressed as brides at a pride parade in Rome, July 2010

In 2009, a same-sex couple from Venice sued the local administration for denying them a marriage licence. The case was referred to the Constitutional Court concerned at a possible conflict between the Italian Civil Code (which does not allow for same-sex marriage) and Articles 3 (which forbids any kind of discrimination) and 29 (which states an ambiguous gender-neutral definition of marriage) of the Italian Constitution. On 14 April 2010, the Constitutional Court ruled that the statutory ban on same-sex marriage was not in breach of the Constitution. However, the court also affirmed that same-sex couples deserve legal recognition since they are "social formations" constitutionally protected under Article 2 of the Constitution. The task of drafting legislation to this purpose was deemed by the court to be the Parliament's sole prerogative.

In January 2011, the Court of Cassation reversed a lower court decision that a European Union (EU) citizen married to an Italian citizen of the same sex was not permitted to reside in Italy because they were not a family according to Italian law. The Court of Cassation ruled that the lower court should have applied the Citizens' Rights Directive on the right of EU citizens to move and reside freely within the member states.

In a landmark ruling, the Court of Cassation ruled on 15 March 2012 that "same-sex couples have the same right to a family life as married straight couples", adding that "the judiciary shall grant them the same legal rights as enjoyed under marriage on a case-by-case rule". Even though the court's judgment is not binding outside the case decided, lower courts may find the judgment persuasive. Whereas the Parliament remains free to pass legislation recognising same-sex unions, the verdict paved the way for such unions to be equivalent to marriage in all but name and for judges to recognize individual rights for cohabiting couples. On 9 February 2015, the Court of Cassation interpreted the 2010 judgement of the Constitutional Court as meaning that it would be Parliament's choice whether or not to introduce same-sex marriage, civil unions or civil partnerships.

Religious performance

Roman Catholic Church

Main article: Catholic Church and homosexuality

The Roman Catholic Church is the largest and most influential Christian denomination in Italy. It has historically been opposed to any recognition of same-sex relationships and repeatedly campaigned against the introduction of domestic partnerships and civil unions for same-sex couples in Italy. However, there has been public disagreement on the issue among senior figures and over the last few years a more welcoming and nuanced tone towards LGBT people has become common. In 2007, Archbishop of Genoa Angelo Bagnasco compared the idea of recognising same-sex unions directly with state recognition of incest and pedophilia. He later condemned a ruling recognizing a same-sex marriage performed abroad. He has also described civil unions and same-sex marriages as a "Trojan horse that fundamentally weaken the institution of the family".

However, in his book Credere e conoscere, published shortly before his death in 2012, Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini disagreed with Catholic opposition to civil unions: "I disagree with the positions of those in the Church, that take issue with civil unions", he wrote. "It is not bad, instead of casual sex between men, that two people have a certain stability" and said that the "state could recognize them". Although he stated his belief that "the homosexual couple, as such, can never be totally equated to a marriage". With the election of Pope Francis in 2013, the Catholic Church adopted a more welcoming attitude towards LGBT people. A few months after his election, the Pope stated the now-famous "Who am I to judge?". In 2020 and 2021, Pope Francis voiced his support for civil unions, while maintaining opposition to same-sex marriage. This view represents the Pope's personal views and did not change the official doctrine of the Church.

In May 2022, Pope Francis chose Cardinal Matteo Maria Zuppi to serve a five-year term as president of the Episcopal Conference of Italy, the official assembly of the Catholic bishops in Italy and the main body coordinating political relations between the Catholic Church and the Italian state. Zuppi is widely regarded as a "progressive" within the Church and in June 2022 he was accused of covering up the blessing of a same-sex couple after their civil union in Bologna. According to Italian media, the blessing of Pietro Morotti and Giacomo Spagnoli reportedly took place in the presence of six priests at San Lorenzo in Budrio. In December 2023, the Holy See published Fiducia supplicans, a declaration allowing Catholic priests to bless couples who are not considered to be married according to church teaching, including the blessing of same-sex couples. Zuppi reacted to the declaration, "The Church communicates the love that explains the rule and makes it alive, and this is done by re-establishing a relationship with everyone. The world is not black and white and requires listening, discernment, acceptance. Someone may think: this way you lose the truth."

Other denominations

The Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches was the first Italian Christian denomination to authorise the blessing of same-sex couples in 2010. In 2017, it allowed its clergy to bless same-sex civil unions as well. Similarly, the Lutheran Evangelical Church in Italy has allowed pastors to bless same-sex unions since 2011.

Public opinion

According to a February 2007 poll by la Repubblica, 67% of Italian Catholics backed the draft civil union bill proposed at the time, but only 35% thought it should apply to same-sex couples. 80% of Italians said they supported the law. The 2006 Eurobarometer survey showed that 31% of Italians thought that same-sex marriages should be allowed throughout Europe and 24% were in favour of allowing adoption by same-sex couples. This was below the European Union average of 44% and 32% respectively. A Eurispes poll conducted in early 2009 showed that 40.4% of Italians supported same-sex marriage and 18.5% supported civil unions but not marriage. Thus, 58.9% of respondents supported some form of recognition for same-sex couples. The only area with majority support for same-sex marriage was in the north-west (Piedmont and Liguria, where 54.8% were in favour). Nevertheless, in every Italian region except Sicily, a majority supported some form of recognition for same-sex couples. Among those who considered themselves on the political left, 66.5% supported same-sex marriage. The same poll was repeated in January 2010, when 41.0% of respondents supported same-sex marriage and 20.4% supported civil unions but not marriage. Thus, support for some form of recognition for same-sex couples had risen to 61.4%.

On the occasion of the International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia and Transphobia on 17 May 2012, the National Bureau of Statistics (ISTAT) released an official governmental report on attitudes towards homosexuality among the Italian population. The poll, conducted in 2011, found that 62.8% of interviewees were in favour of civil unions with the same rights as marriage. Those who agreed with same-sex marriage were 43.9%, with residents in central Italy (52.6%), 18–34 years old (53.4%) and women (47%) being the geographical, age and gender categories most in favour. Significantly, every region supported civil unions, with support being highest in central Italy (72.2%) and lowest in the south (51.2%).

A May 2013 Ipsos poll found that 48% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and another 31% supported other forms of legal recognition for same-sex couples. According to an Ifop poll conducted in May 2013, 42% of Italians supported allowing same-sex couples to marry and adopt children. An October 2014 Demos poll found that 55% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage with 42% against. Similarly, the 2015 Eurobarometer found that 55% of Italians thought that same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 35% were against.

In January 2016, a IPR Marketing poll showed that 46% of respondents were in favour of same-sex civil unions with 40% against. With regard to same-sex marriage, 38% of respondents were in favour and 55% were against. In addition, 85% of those polled were against adoption by same-sex couples. In February 2016, days after the Senate approved the civil union bill, a Demos poll showed again a large majority in favour of civil unions (69%), a majority for same-sex marriage (56%), but still only a minority approving of stepchild adoption (37%). A Pew Research Center poll, conducted between April and August 2017 and published in May 2018, showed that 59% of Italians supported same-sex marriage, 38% were opposed and 3% did not know or had refused to answer. When divided by religion, 83% of religiously unaffiliated people, 70% of non-practicing Christians and 44% of church-attending Christians supported same-sex marriage. Opposition was 27% among 18–34-year-olds.

In 2019, a poll conducted by Eurispes found that 51% of Italians supported the legalisation of same-sex marriage. Adoption was supported by 31% of respondents, while 69% were opposed. According to a May 2019 Ipsos poll, 58% of Italians were in favour of same-sex marriage. Similarly, the 2019 Eurobarometer found that 58% of Italians thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 35% were against. A Pew Research Center poll conducted between February and May 2023 showed that 74% of Italians supported same-sex marriage and 26% were opposed. When divided by political affiliation, support was highest among those on the left of the political spectrum at 88%, followed by those at the center at 74% and those on the right at 66%. The 2023 Eurobarometer poll found that 69% of Italians thought that same sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, while 29% were against.

See also

Notes

  1. In some regional languages of Italy:
  2. The Chamber of Deputies has 629 voting members. The President of the Chamber of Deputies, Laura Boldrini, votes only in case of a tied vote.

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