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A '''roller disco''' is a ] or ] where all the dancers wear ] of some kind (traditional ] or ]). The music played is modern and easily danceable; historically ] but in modern times including almost any form of ], ], ], ], or ]. A '''roller disco''' is a ] or ] where all the dancers wear ] of some kind (traditional ] or ]). The music played is modern and easily danceable; historically ] but in modern times including almost any form of ], ], ], ], or ].
Roller discos often involve the usage of a ]. Roller discos often involve the usage of a ].

== Format ==
Traditionally, roller discos employ a live ] and incorporate complex ], ], ], ]s, and sometimes a separate ].<ref name=":2" />

As in other discos, special effects such as ]s, and flashing ]s may be used.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}


==History== ==History==
The concept originated as a ] in the 1970s when the ] craze was at its height, peaking around 1980 and inspiring several roller-disco magazines. In 1984 the ] arrived in the ] and many roller discos popped up all over the country <ref>I love 1984 BBC TV show</ref> As of 2006, the craze has largely discontinued, although many 1970s era roller-discos are still open and successful. Also, it experienced a mild revival in the early 2000s, especially in the mid-eastern United States,{{where|date=April 2014}} where certain clubs continue to host roller disco nights.<ref></ref> Some now use ].{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} Roller discos are also popular among older ]ren and young ]s, especially for parties. As in other discos, ]s such as ]s and flashing ]s are often used. {{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} To minimise the risk of injury, the organisers of roller discos often only allow participants to skate in one direction at a time so that they do not crash into one another, although many roller discos have a "free skate" section in the middle of the roller rink.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}


=== Origin and rise in popularity ===
⚫ At the height of the disco craze in 1979, '']'' reported that there were an estimated "5,000 roller rinks in the U.S.," attracting "more than 28 million young American skaters", and (according to American record producer ]) "99.9% of these rinks already programming disco music either in whole or in part".<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT97&dq=%22disco+dip%22+wktu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0h4mh89eKAxUVvokEHTbsDzEQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=%22disco%20dip%22%20wktu&f=false |title=Brooklyn Sees New 'Disco Dip' |date=1979-02-17 |publisher=], Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |year=1979 |pages=70 |language=en}}</ref>
{{Main|Roller skating}}
Roller skating as a hobby originated in the 19th century and peaked in popularity around 1942.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Books Ngram Viewer |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=roller+skating&year_start=1800&year_end=2022&corpus=en&smoothing=3 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=books.google.com |language=en}}</ref>

The ] in New York City is credited as the birthplace of roller disco, due to its skater patron ].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-17 |title=Undiscarded: Stories of New York: Ep7 – Rollerskate |url=https://www.cityreliquary.org/undiscarded-rollerskate/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103154034/https://www.cityreliquary.org/undiscarded-rollerskate/ |archive-date=January 3, 2025 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=The City Reliquary |language=en-US}}</ref> The inventor of ], Mr. Charisma is today known as the Godfather of Roller Disco.<ref name=":3" />

In the 1960s, New York skater ] created a new style of roller skating titled ]. Butler convinced skater Gloria McCarthy, whose father owned the ], to start a "Bounce" night to showcase his new style.<ref name=":3" />
]]]

=== 1979 craze ===
By 1979, ]'s "stylish tricks...made the ]] a HOT destination", as it "drew storied celebrities away from the snooty uptown clubs (]) down to the warm & accepting Brooklyn Rink".<ref name=":3" /> Among the most notable was ],<ref name=":3" /> who hosted '']''<nowiki/>'s Disco Forum skate party at the ] that year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bego |first=Mark |title=Cher: If You Believe |date=2001 |publisher=Taylor Trade Publishing |isbn=9780815411536}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogkwAQAAIAAJ&q=Sheepshead+%22roll-a-palace%22 |title=What's Hot! What's Not! |date=1979 |magazine=Cue: The Weekly Magazine of New York Life |pages=19 |language=en |quote=Cher held a party here recently . The crowd is mostly black and flashy . The music is heated . There are neon palm trees , mirrored balls , loud sounds , and hordes of street people having fun . It is not as snazzy as the Roll - A - Palace, but it's funky.}}</ref> Other celebrities who visited the rink to skate included ], ], ], and ].<ref name=":32">Reaven, M., Zeitlin, S. (2006). ''Hidden New York: A Guide to Places That Matter.'' Rutgers University Press, 114.</ref><ref>Ortiz, Lori. (2011) ''Disco Dance''. ABC-CLIO, 127.</ref>

⚫ At the height of the disco craze in 1979, '']'' reported that there were an estimated "5,000 roller rinks in the U.S.," attracting "more than 28 million young American skaters". According to American record producer ] "99.9% of these rinks" were playing ] specifically.<ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT97&dq=%22disco+dip%22+wktu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0h4mh89eKAxUVvokEHTbsDzEQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=%22disco%20dip%22%20wktu&f=false |title=Brooklyn Sees New 'Disco Dip' |date=1979-02-17 |magazine=] |page=70 |language=en}}</ref>

The 1979 musical film '']'' capitalized on the trend, prominently featuring a teenage love story revolving around roller disco. Featuring ] and award-winning freestyle skater ], the plot focuses on a ] rink's "Roller Boogie contest", which is almost thwarted by the mafia's attempts to close the rink for real estate purposes.


{{External video|title="Disco Dip", 1979 promotional song|topic=Produced by ], the song was "written and choreographed especially for use as a promotional tool" to popularize the concept of roller discos.|caption=|video1=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6y_qm_XcWU|float=right}} {{External video|title="Disco Dip", 1979 promotional song|topic=Produced by ], the song was "written and choreographed especially for use as a promotional tool" to popularize the concept of roller discos.|caption=|video1=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6y_qm_XcWU|float=right}}


In 1979, Brooklyn's ] was what ''Billboard'' called "a typical example" of a disco roller rink, hosting a variety of events and over 5,000 skaters per weekend during its peak popularity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Riedinger Jr. |first=Bob |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT56&dq=%22roll-a-palace%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimro2R59eKAxWypIkEHTv1FP8Q6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=%22roll-a-palace%22&f=false |title=Going Back to the 1870s: Skating To Music |date=1979-03-03 |publisher=], Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |pages=48, 57 |language=en}}</ref> In 1979, Brooklyn's ] was what ''Billboard'' called "a typical example" of a disco roller rink, hosting a variety of events and over 5,000 skaters per weekend during its peak popularity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine |last=Riedinger |first=Bob Jr. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KyUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT56&dq=%22roll-a-palace%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimro2R59eKAxWypIkEHTv1FP8Q6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=%22roll-a-palace%22&f=false |title=Going Back to the 1870s: Skating To Music |date=1979-03-03 |magazine=] |pages=48, 57 |language=en}}</ref>


=== Roller disco themed music === ==== Roller disco-themed music ====


The same year, ] produced and premiered a song titled the Disco Dip as a promotional tool to enhance interest in the roller disco hobby. ''The Kalamazoo News'' described Disco Dip as "the pioneering roller disco record", i.e., "the first roller disco record played in a skating rink".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kalamazoo News 15 November 1979 — Digital Michigan Newspapers Collection |url=https://digmichnews.cmich.edu/?a=d&d=KalamazooKN19791115-01.1.15&e=-------en-10--1--txt-txIN---------- |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=digmichnews.cmich.edu}}</ref> The song and dance debuted at ], in collaboration with preeminent nationwide disco station ], after which a series of Disco Dip events, would follow.<ref name=":1" /> Written "especially for use as a promotional tool" to promote interest in the roller disco hobby, the dance/song/event was featured three times in ''Billboard'':<ref>{{Cite book |last=Inc |first=Nielsen Business Media |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LyQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT45&dq=%22disco+dip%22+roll-a-palace&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjotK7a-deKAxV8j4kEHfL4NYEQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=%22disco%20dip%22%20roll-a-palace&f=false |title=Billboard |date=1979-07-14 |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc. |language=en}}</ref><blockquote>A new dance, the disco dip, designed primarily for use at roller rink discos, will be debuted Tuesday at the Roll-A-Disco in Brooklyn. The dance, with music and lyrics by ] of ], was written and choreographed especially for use as a promotional tool to stimulate interest in the concept of roller discos. The party is being sponsored jointly by ], New York's leading radio station, and the top disco station in the country, and the management of the Roll-A-Disco rink. WKTU is giving away 500 tickets to members of its listening audience.<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>However, composer Mark Winter of Astound-A Sound Productions of New Jersey claimed his song "Roller Palace" was published a day before Chalpin's product, thereby making "Roller Palace" the first roller disco-themed record.<ref name=":0" /> The same year, ] produced and premiered a song titled the Disco Dip as a promotional tool to enhance interest in the roller disco hobby. ''The Kalamazoo News'' described it as "the pioneering roller disco record", i.e., "the first roller disco record played in a skating rink".<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Faster Than Sound |newspaper=Kalamazoo News |date=15 November 1979 |page=16 |url=https://digmichnews.cmich.edu/?a=d&d=KalamazooKN19791115-01.1.15&e=-------en-10--1--txt-txIN---------- |access-date=2025-01-02}}</ref> The song and dance debuted at ], in collaboration with preeminent nationwide disco station ], after which a series of Disco Dip events would follow.<ref name=":1" /> Written "especially for use as a promotional tool" to promote interest in the roller disco hobby, the dance/song/event was featured three times in ''Billboard:''<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=George |first=Nelson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LyQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT45&dq=%22disco+dip%22+roll-a-palace&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjotK7a-deKAxV8j4kEHfL4NYEQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=%22disco%20dip%22%20roll-a-palace&f=false |title=Roller Craze |magazine=Billboard |date=1979-07-14 |pages=46, 65 |language=en}}</ref> <blockquote>A new dance, the disco dip, designed primarily for use at roller rink discos, will be debuted Tuesday at the Roll-A-Disco in Brooklyn. The dance, with music and lyrics by ] of ], was written and choreographed especially for use as a promotional tool to stimulate interest in the concept of roller discos. The party is being sponsored jointly by ], New York's leading radio station, and the top disco station in the country, and the management of the Roll-A-Disco rink. WKTU is giving away 500 tickets to members of its listening audience.<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>However, composer Mark Winter of Astound-A Sound Productions of New Jersey claimed his song "Roller Palace" was published a day before Chalpin's product, thereby making "Roller Palace" the first roller disco-themed record. Its lyrics humorously describe a "love on wheels" romance at a "disco, disco roller palace" where "everyone rocks as they roll".<ref name=":0" />

Other 1979 disco songs that mention roller skating include ]'s skate-themed single "]" (later featured in '']'')<ref>{{cite news |last=Dagaard |first=Colin |date=1979-09-02 |title=They Fall in Love On Roller Skates |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JgsVAAAAIBAJ&pg=3668,6581403&dq=they+fall+in+love+on+roller+skates&hl=en |access-date=2009-12-30 |work=]}}</ref> and "]" by Chic, which advises listeners to "participate" in "clams on the half-shell and roller skates".

By 1984, the ] had arrived in the ] and many roller discos popped up all over the country.<ref>I love 1984 BBC TV show</ref>
⚫ ], 2011]]


=== 21st century === === 21st century ===
It experienced a mild revival in the early 2000s, especially in the mid-eastern United States,{{where|date=April 2014}} where certain clubs continue to host roller disco nights.<ref></ref> As of 2006, the craze has largely discontinued.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}} As of 2024, each one of the disco-era New York City roller rinks have closed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frishberg |first=Hannah |date=2024-05-08 |title=NYC's 'last remaining roller rink' closes after 17 years |url=https://nypost.com/2024/05/08/real-estate/nycs-last-remaining-roller-rink-closes-after-17-years/ |work=New York Post |access-date=2025-01-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> Some were eulogized in airbrushed murals at nearby Newark's ].
⚫ In 2020, ] and roller discos experienced a resurgence in mainstream popularity across the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thecut.com/article/interview-roller-skating-star-oumi-janta.html|title=Was This the Summer You Started Roller-Skating? |work=The Cut |date=28 August 2020 |accessdate=4 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/rollerskating-trend|title=Why 2020 Is The Summer Of Rollerskating |work=] |date=13 August 2020 |publisher=Vogue |accessdate=4 September 2020}}</ref> The resurgence in popularity for roller skating and roller discos has coincided with a ] revival and a resurgence in other retro phenomena in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/959625.html|title=A comeback of disco amid the COVID-19 pandemic |work=hani.co.kr |accessdate=4 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="BI">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/roller-skates-selling-out-americans-seek-nostalgic-pastimes-during-pandemic-2020-9?r=US&IR=T|title=Roller skates are selling out everywhere as Americans seek nostalgic outdoor pastimes that provide a 'light-hearted escape from reality' |work=] |date=2 September 2020 |publisher=Business Insider |access-date=4 September 2020}}</ref> Some companies selling roller skates in the US were reported to have sold out of roller skates due to high demand.<ref name="BI"/> The resurgence has been powered by social media apps like ], ], and ] which have seen an increase of roller skating-related content.<ref name="BI"/> In ], Australia, it was reported that the popularity of roller skating was at its highest since the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-30/rollerskating-hobart-tasmania-roller-disco-rollerblade/12602418|title=Rollerskating has become so popular in Hobart that scammers are offering fake tickets|work=] |date=30 August 2020|publisher=ABC News |accessdate=4 September 2020}}</ref> The media has suggested the resurgence in roller skating may be the result of people finding ways to entertain themselves and a form of escape as a result of the ] which has resulted in ].<ref name="BI"/>

Some now use ].{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} Roller discos are also popular among older ]ren and young ]s, especially for parties. To minimise the risk of injury, the organisers of roller discos often only allow participants to skate in one direction at a time so that they do not crash into one another, although many roller discos have a "free skate" section in the middle of the roller rink.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

⚫ In 2020, ] and roller discos experienced a resurgence in mainstream popularity across the ] due to the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thecut.com/article/interview-roller-skating-star-oumi-janta.html|title=Was This the Summer You Started Roller-Skating? |work=The Cut |date=28 August 2020 |accessdate=4 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/rollerskating-trend|title=Why 2020 Is The Summer Of Rollerskating |work=] |date=13 August 2020 |accessdate=4 September 2020}}</ref> The resurgence in popularity for roller skating and discos has coincided with a ] revival and a resurgence in other retro phenomena that provided "a light-hearted escape from reality" during COVID-19's ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/959625.html|title=A comeback of disco amid the COVID-19 pandemic |work=hani.co.kr |accessdate=4 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="BI">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/roller-skates-selling-out-americans-seek-nostalgic-pastimes-during-pandemic-2020-9?r=US&IR=T|title=Roller skates are selling out everywhere as Americans seek nostalgic outdoor pastimes that provide a 'light-hearted escape from reality' |work=] |date=2 September 2020 |access-date=4 September 2020}}</ref> The resurgence was powered by social media apps like ], ], and ] which have seen an increase of roller skating-related content.<ref name="BI" /> During the pandemic, companies selling roller skates in the US were reported to have sold out of roller skates due to high demand.<ref name="BI" /> In ], Australia, the popularity of roller skating in 2020 was at its highest since the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-30/rollerskating-hobart-tasmania-roller-disco-rollerblade/12602418|title=Rollerskating has become so popular in Hobart that scammers are offering fake tickets|work=] |date=30 August 2020 |accessdate=4 September 2020}}</ref>


== Gallery == == Gallery ==
Line 24: Line 51:
File:Blue disco quad roller skates.jpg|Quad roller skates, produced in an unidentified year and pictured in 2002 File:Blue disco quad roller skates.jpg|Quad roller skates, produced in an unidentified year and pictured in 2002
File:Charles Aybar & Anna Galante Roller Disco.jpg|Roller skaters at Brooklyn's ], 1979 File:Charles Aybar & Anna Galante Roller Disco.jpg|Roller skaters at Brooklyn's ], 1979
⚫ File:Roller Disco Party en la Casa Encendida.jpg|A roller disco party at Madrid, Spain's ], 2011
</gallery> </gallery>


==In popular culture== ==In popular culture==
{{In popular culture|section|date=June 2022}} {{In popular culture|section|date=June 2022}}

===Film=== ===Film===
* '']'' (1979), a film about roller disco * '']'' (1979), a film about roller disco

Latest revision as of 14:45, 8 January 2025

Skating rink for dancing on roller skates
Dreamland Margate's retro-styled Roller Room, pictured in 2016

A roller disco is a discothèque or skating rink where all the dancers wear roller skates of some kind (traditional quad or inline). The music played is modern and easily danceable; historically disco but in modern times including almost any form of dance, pop, house, R&B, or rock music. Roller discos often involve the usage of a disco ball.

Format

Traditionally, roller discos employ a live disc jockey and incorporate complex sound systems, lighting effects, neon lights, disco balls, and sometimes a separate illuminated dance floor.

As in other discos, special effects such as fog machines, and flashing traffic lights may be used.

History

Origin and rise in popularity

Main article: Roller skating

Roller skating as a hobby originated in the 19th century and peaked in popularity around 1942.

The Empire Skate Center in New York City is credited as the birthplace of roller disco, due to its skater patron Bill "Mr. Charisma" Butler. The inventor of jam skating, Mr. Charisma is today known as the Godfather of Roller Disco.

In the 1960s, New York skater Mr. Charisma created a new style of roller skating titled jammin'. Butler convinced skater Gloria McCarthy, whose father owned the Empire Skate Center, to start a "Bounce" night to showcase his new style.

1979 disco skaters in New York, likely at the Sheepshead Roll-A-Palace

1979 craze

By 1979, Mr. Charisma's "stylish tricks...made the a HOT destination", as it "drew storied celebrities away from the snooty uptown clubs (Studio 54) down to the warm & accepting Brooklyn Rink". Among the most notable was Cher, who hosted Billboard's Disco Forum skate party at the Empire Roller Disco that year. Other celebrities who visited the rink to skate included Prince, Grace Jones, Madonna, and Olivia Newton-John.

At the height of the disco craze in 1979, Billboard reported that there were an estimated "5,000 roller rinks in the U.S.," attracting "more than 28 million young American skaters". According to American record producer Ed Chalpin "99.9% of these rinks" were playing disco music specifically.

The 1979 musical film Roller Boogie capitalized on the trend, prominently featuring a teenage love story revolving around roller disco. Featuring Linda Blair and award-winning freestyle skater Jim Bray, the plot focuses on a Venice Beach rink's "Roller Boogie contest", which is almost thwarted by the mafia's attempts to close the rink for real estate purposes.

"Disco Dip", 1979 promotional song
Produced by Ed Chaplin, the song was "written and choreographed especially for use as a promotional tool" to popularize the concept of roller discos.
video icon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6y_qm_XcWU

In 1979, Brooklyn's Sheepshead Bay Roll-A-Palace was what Billboard called "a typical example" of a disco roller rink, hosting a variety of events and over 5,000 skaters per weekend during its peak popularity.

Roller disco-themed music

The same year, Ed Chaplin produced and premiered a song titled the Disco Dip as a promotional tool to enhance interest in the roller disco hobby. The Kalamazoo News described it as "the pioneering roller disco record", i.e., "the first roller disco record played in a skating rink". The song and dance debuted at Roll-A-Palace, in collaboration with preeminent nationwide disco station WKTU, after which a series of Disco Dip events would follow. Written "especially for use as a promotional tool" to promote interest in the roller disco hobby, the dance/song/event was featured three times in Billboard:

A new dance, the disco dip, designed primarily for use at roller rink discos, will be debuted Tuesday at the Roll-A-Disco in Brooklyn. The dance, with music and lyrics by Ed Chalpin of PTX Enterprises, was written and choreographed especially for use as a promotional tool to stimulate interest in the concept of roller discos. The party is being sponsored jointly by WKTU-FM, New York's leading radio station, and the top disco station in the country, and the management of the Roll-A-Disco rink. WKTU is giving away 500 tickets to members of its listening audience.

However, composer Mark Winter of Astound-A Sound Productions of New Jersey claimed his song "Roller Palace" was published a day before Chalpin's product, thereby making "Roller Palace" the first roller disco-themed record. Its lyrics humorously describe a "love on wheels" romance at a "disco, disco roller palace" where "everyone rocks as they roll".

Other 1979 disco songs that mention roller skating include Cher's skate-themed single "Hell on Wheels" (later featured in Roller Boogie) and "Good Times" by Chic, which advises listeners to "participate" in "clams on the half-shell and roller skates".

By 1984, the fad had arrived in the United Kingdom and many roller discos popped up all over the country.

A roller disco party at Madrid, Spain's La Casa Encendida, 2011

21st century

It experienced a mild revival in the early 2000s, especially in the mid-eastern United States, where certain clubs continue to host roller disco nights. As of 2006, the craze has largely discontinued. As of 2024, each one of the disco-era New York City roller rinks have closed. Some were eulogized in airbrushed murals at nearby Newark's Branch Brook Park Roller Rink.

Some now use in-line roller-blades. Roller discos are also popular among older children and young teenagers, especially for parties. To minimise the risk of injury, the organisers of roller discos often only allow participants to skate in one direction at a time so that they do not crash into one another, although many roller discos have a "free skate" section in the middle of the roller rink.

In 2020, roller skating and roller discos experienced a resurgence in mainstream popularity across the Western world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The resurgence in popularity for roller skating and discos has coincided with a disco revival and a resurgence in other retro phenomena that provided "a light-hearted escape from reality" during COVID-19's widespread lockdowns, curfews and restrictions. The resurgence was powered by social media apps like Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat which have seen an increase of roller skating-related content. During the pandemic, companies selling roller skates in the US were reported to have sold out of roller skates due to high demand. In Hobart, Australia, the popularity of roller skating in 2020 was at its highest since the 1980s.

Gallery

In popular culture

This section may contain irrelevant references to popular culture. Please help Misplaced Pages to improve this section by removing the content or adding citations to reliable and independent sources. (June 2022)

Film

See also

References

  1. ^ "Brooklyn Sees New 'Disco Dip'". Billboard. 1979-02-17. p. 70.
  2. "Google Books Ngram Viewer". books.google.com. Retrieved 2025-01-03.
  3. ^ "Undiscarded: Stories of New York: Ep7 – Rollerskate". The City Reliquary. 2023-05-17. Archived from the original on January 3, 2025. Retrieved 2025-01-03.
  4. Bego, Mark (2001). Cher: If You Believe. Taylor Trade Publishing. ISBN 9780815411536.
  5. "What's Hot! What's Not!". Cue: The Weekly Magazine of New York Life. 1979. p. 19. Cher held a party here recently . The crowd is mostly black and flashy . The music is heated . There are neon palm trees , mirrored balls , loud sounds , and hordes of street people having fun . It is not as snazzy as the Roll - A - Palace, but it's funky.
  6. Reaven, M., Zeitlin, S. (2006). Hidden New York: A Guide to Places That Matter. Rutgers University Press, 114.
  7. Ortiz, Lori. (2011) Disco Dance. ABC-CLIO, 127.
  8. ^ Riedinger, Bob Jr. (1979-03-03). "Going Back to the 1870s: Skating To Music". Billboard. pp. 48, 57.
  9. ^ "Faster Than Sound". Kalamazoo News. 15 November 1979. p. 16. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  10. George, Nelson (1979-07-14). "Roller Craze". Billboard. pp. 46, 65.
  11. Dagaard, Colin (1979-09-02). "They Fall in Love On Roller Skates". Toledo Blade. Retrieved 2009-12-30.
  12. I love 1984 BBC TV show
  13. Canvas is one such club
  14. Frishberg, Hannah (2024-05-08). "NYC's 'last remaining roller rink' closes after 17 years". New York Post. Retrieved 2025-01-03.
  15. "Was This the Summer You Started Roller-Skating?". The Cut. 28 August 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  16. "Why 2020 Is The Summer Of Rollerskating". Vogue. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  17. "A comeback of disco amid the COVID-19 pandemic". hani.co.kr. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  18. ^ "Roller skates are selling out everywhere as Americans seek nostalgic outdoor pastimes that provide a 'light-hearted escape from reality'". Business Insider. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  19. "Rollerskating has become so popular in Hobart that scammers are offering fake tickets". ABC News. 30 August 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
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