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| {{ |
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | ||
| {{Infobox officeholder | |||
| |honorific_prefix = ] Alauddin | |||
| |name = Ali Mardan Khalji | |||
| |image=Islamic Sultanates. Bengal. Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan 1210-1212 CE.jpg | |||
| | image_size = 300px | |||
| |caption=Coinage of Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan 1210-1212 CE. ''Obverse'': Horseman with mint and date formula around. ''Reverse'': Name and titles of Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan in five lines. | |||
| |honorific_suffix = | |||
| |office = Governor of ] (Lakhnauti) | |||
| |term = 1210-1212 | |||
| |predecessor = ] | |||
| |successor = ] | |||
| | birth_date = {{Circa|1150}} | |||
| | death_date = {{Circa|1212}} | |||
| |father = Mardan Khalji | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Rukn ad-Dīn ʿAlī Mardān Khaljī''' ({{langx|bn|রোকনউদ্দীন আলী মর্দান খলজী}}, {{langx|fa|ركن الدین علی مردان خلجی}}) was a 13th-century governor of ], a member of the ]. | |||
| ==Early life== | |||
| '''Ali Mardan Khilji''' dethroned ] and styled himself as the independent sultan of ] in 1210. He ruled for two years. Ali Mardan's cruelty and brutality produced disgust among the courtiers and he was assassinated by them in 1212. | |||
| He was a son of ] of the ] tribe,<ref name="Siraj-548">{{cite book |author=Minhāju-s Sirāj |year=1881 |title=Tabaḳāt-i-nāsiri: a general history of the Muhammadan dynastics of Asia, including Hindustān, from A.H. 194 (810 A.D.) to A.H. 658 (1260 A.D.) and the irruption of the infidel Mughals into Islām |series=Bibliotheca Indica #78 |publisher=Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal (printed by Gilbert & Rivington) |location=Calcutta, India |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u_ixTEEz8ssC&pg=548 |page=548 |translator= ]}}</ref><ref name="EB-Khalji">''the Khiljī tribe had long been settled in what is now Afghanistan ...'' . '']''. 2010. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 23 August 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Satish Chandra |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC&pg=PA41 |year=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |page=41 |quote=The Khaljis were a Turkish tribe from southwest Ghur...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Sarkar |editor-first=Jadunath |editor-link=Jadunath Sarkar |year=1973 |orig-year=First published 1948 |title=The History of Bengal |volume=II |location=Patna |publisher=Academica Asiatica |pages=3, 8 |oclc=924890}}</ref> a tribe of ] origin that after migration from Turkistan had later settled in ] for over 200 years before entering ].<ref>{{cite book |author=Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava |title=The History of India, 1000 A.D.-1707 A.D. |edition=Second |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bdw9AAAAMAAJ |year=1966 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala |oclc=575452554|page=98|quote=His ancestors, after having migrated from Turkistan, had lived for over 200 years in the Helmand valley and Lamghan, parts of Afghanistan called Garmasir or the hot region, and had adopted Afghan manners and customs. They were, therefore, wrongly looked upon as Afghans by the Turkish nobles in India as they had intermarried with local Afghans and adopted their customs and manners. They were looked down as non Turks by Turks.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Abraham Eraly |author-link=Abraham Eraly |title=The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vyEoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT178 |year=2015 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-93-5118-658-8 |page=126|quote=The prejudice of Turks was however misplaced in this case, for Khaljis were actually ethnic Turks. But they had settled in Afghanistan long before the Turkish rule was established there, and had over the centuries adopted Afghan customs and practices, intermarried with the local people, and were therefore looked down on as non-Turks by pure-bred Turks.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia |title=History of medieval India: from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. |year=2002|publisher=Atlantic |isbn=81-269-0123-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XnaL7zPXPUC |page=28|quote=The Khaljis were a Turkish tribe but having been long domiciled in Afghanistan, had adopted some Afghan habits and customs. They were treated as Afghans in Delhi Court.}}</ref> | |||
| ==Career== | |||
| Ali Mardan Khalji returned to ] in 1210 and replaced ] as the region's governor. However, he only ruled for two years as his cruelty and brutality produced disgust among the courtiers. Some of his actions included banishing popular nobles from Bengal who he did not get along with. The Khalji nobles plotted against him and he was assassinated by them in 1212, and Iwaz Khalji was restored as Bengal's governor.<ref></ref> | |||
| {{S-start}} | |||
| {{Succession box| | |||
| before=]| | |||
| title=]| | |||
| years=1210-1212| | |||
| after=]}} | |||
| {{S-end}} | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| {{History of Bangladesh}} | |||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
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| *] | *] | ||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| {{Khalji dynasty}} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Ali Mardan Khalji}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| {{India-royal-stub}} | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:51, 8 January 2025
| Malik AlauddinAli Mardan Khalji | |
|---|---|
 Coinage of Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan 1210-1212 CE. Obverse: Horseman with mint and date formula around. Reverse: Name and titles of Rukn al-Din ‘Ali Mardan in five lines. | |
| Governor of Bengal (Lakhnauti) | |
| In office 1210-1212 | |
| Preceded by | Iwaz Khalji |
| Succeeded by | Iwaz Khalji |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1150 |
| Died | c. 1212 |
| Parent |
|
Rukn ad-Dīn ʿAlī Mardān Khaljī (Bengali: রোকনউদ্দীন আলী মর্দান খলজী, Persian: ركن الدین علی مردان خلجی) was a 13th-century governor of Bengal, a member of the Khalji dynasty of Bengal.
Early life
He was a son of Mardan Khalji of the Khalaj tribe, a tribe of Turkic origin that after migration from Turkistan had later settled in Afghanistan for over 200 years before entering South Asia.
Career
Ali Mardan Khalji returned to Bengal in 1210 and replaced Iwaz Khalji as the region's governor. However, he only ruled for two years as his cruelty and brutality produced disgust among the courtiers. Some of his actions included banishing popular nobles from Bengal who he did not get along with. The Khalji nobles plotted against him and he was assassinated by them in 1212, and Iwaz Khalji was restored as Bengal's governor.
| Preceded byIwaz Khalji | Khalji dynasty of Bengal 1210-1212 |
Succeeded byIwaz Khalji |
See also
References
- Minhāju-s Sirāj (1881). Tabaḳāt-i-nāsiri: a general history of the Muhammadan dynastics of Asia, including Hindustān, from A.H. 194 (810 A.D.) to A.H. 658 (1260 A.D.) and the irruption of the infidel Mughals into Islām. Bibliotheca Indica #78. Vol. 1. Translated by Henry George Raverty. Calcutta, India: Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal (printed by Gilbert & Rivington). p. 548.
- the Khiljī tribe had long been settled in what is now Afghanistan ... Khalji Dynasty. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 August 2010.
- Satish Chandra (2004). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One. Har-Anand. p. 41. ISBN 978-81-241-1064-5.
The Khaljis were a Turkish tribe from southwest Ghur...
- Sarkar, Jadunath, ed. (1973) . The History of Bengal. Vol. II. Patna: Academica Asiatica. pp. 3, 8. OCLC 924890.
- Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava (1966). The History of India, 1000 A.D.-1707 A.D. (Second ed.). Shiva Lal Agarwala. p. 98. OCLC 575452554.
His ancestors, after having migrated from Turkistan, had lived for over 200 years in the Helmand valley and Lamghan, parts of Afghanistan called Garmasir or the hot region, and had adopted Afghan manners and customs. They were, therefore, wrongly looked upon as Afghans by the Turkish nobles in India as they had intermarried with local Afghans and adopted their customs and manners. They were looked down as non Turks by Turks.
- Abraham Eraly (2015). The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin Books. p. 126. ISBN 978-93-5118-658-8.
The prejudice of Turks was however misplaced in this case, for Khaljis were actually ethnic Turks. But they had settled in Afghanistan long before the Turkish rule was established there, and had over the centuries adopted Afghan customs and practices, intermarried with the local people, and were therefore looked down on as non-Turks by pure-bred Turks.
- Radhey Shyam Chaurasia (2002). History of medieval India: from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. Atlantic. p. 28. ISBN 81-269-0123-3.
The Khaljis were a Turkish tribe but having been long domiciled in Afghanistan, had adopted some Afghan habits and customs. They were treated as Afghans in Delhi Court.
- Khilji Malik
| Khalji dynasty of Bengal | |
|---|---|
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