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{{short description|Hindu spiritual hermitage or monastery}} {{short description|Hindu spiritual hermitage or monastery}}
{{about|spiritual hermitages or monasteries|other uses|Ashram (disambiguation)}} {{about|spiritual hermitages or monasteries|other uses|Ashram (disambiguation)}}
]'' depicted on terracotta plaque, 2nd century BCE.]]
⚫ ], ], the headquarters of ], founded by ] in 1936]]
⚫ An '''ashram'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashram |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ashram |publisher=Cambridge English Dictionary |access-date=4 December 2019 |quote=a place where a group of Hindus live together away from the rest of society, or a place where Hindus can go in order to pray}}</ref> ({{langx|sa|आश्रम}}, {{IAST|āśrama}}) is a spiritual ] or a ] in ].<ref name="Swahananda1990">{{cite book|author=Swami Swahananda|title=Monasteries in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCyRen5mGAAC&pg=PA92|date=1 January 1990|publisher=Vedanta Press|isbn=978-0-87481-047-9|pages=92–}}</ref><ref name="Dreuille1999">{{cite book|author=Mayeul de Dreuille|title=From East to West: A History of Monasticism|chapter=1 Hindu mansticism|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXTaxKSFHeMC&pg=PA3|year=1999|publisher=Gracewing Publishing|isbn=978-0-85244-464-1|pages=3–27}}</ref>
⚫ ], where ] stayed]]
⚫ Traditionally, an '''ashram'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashram |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ashram |publisher=Cambridge English Dictionary |accessdate=4 December 2019 |quote=a place where a group of Hindus live together away from the rest of society, or a place where Hindus can go in order to pray}}</ref> (]: ''ashrama'' or ''ashramam'') is a spiritual ] or a ] in ].<ref name="Swahananda1990">{{cite book|author=Swami Swahananda|title=Monasteries in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCyRen5mGAAC&pg=PA92|date=1 January 1990|publisher=Vedanta Press|isbn=978-0-87481-047-9|pages=92–}}</ref><ref name="Dreuille1999">{{cite book|author=Mayeul de Dreuille|title=From East to West: A History of Monasticism|chapter=1 Hindu mansticism|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXTaxKSFHeMC&pg=PA3|year=1999|publisher=Gracewing Publishing|isbn=978-0-85244-464-1|pages=3–27}}</ref>


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
The term ''ashram'' ({{lang-sa|आश्रम}}, {{IPA-sa|aːɕɽɐmɐ}}) comes from the ] root ''{{IPA|śram-}}'' ({{script|deva|श्रम्}}) ('to toil').<ref>{{OEtymD|ashram}}</ref> According to S. S. Chandra, the term means "a step in the journey of life".<ref name="ChandraSharma1996">{{cite book|author1=S.S. Chandra|author2=S.S. Chandra & Rajendra Kumar Sharma|title=Philosophy of Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6UQJ1sWrQoC&pg=PA173|year=1996|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-637-2|pages=173–}}</ref> In contrast, according to George Weckman, the term ''ashram'' connotes a place where one strives towards a goal in a disciplined manner. Such a goal could be ], ], ] or any other.<ref name="Johnston2000p94">{{cite book|author=George Weckman| editor= William M. Johnston|title=Encyclopedia of Monasticism: A-L|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfC0TDkJJNgC&pg=PA94 |year=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-57958-090-2|page=94}}</ref> The Sanskrit noun {{IAST|āśrama-}} is a thematic nominal derivative from the root {{IAST|śram<sup>i</sup>}} 'toil' (< ] *''ḱremh<sub>2</sub>'', {{confer}} ]) with the prefix {{IAST|ā}} 'towards.'<ref>{{cite book|author=Manfred Mayrhofer|title=Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen I. Band|page=664|publisher=Winter|year=1992|place=Heidelberg}}</ref> An ashram is a place where one strives towards a goal in a disciplined manner. Such a goal could be ], ], ] or any other.<ref name="Johnston2000p94">{{cite book|author=George Weckman| editor= William M. Johnston|title=Encyclopedia of Monasticism: A-L|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfC0TDkJJNgC&pg=PA94 |year=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-57958-090-2|page=94}}</ref>


==Overview== ==Overview==
], ], established by ]]] ]

An ashram would traditionally, but not necessarily in contemporary times, be located far from human habitation, in ]s or ], amidst refreshing natural surroundings conducive to spiritual instruction and ]. The residents of an ashram regularly performed spiritual and physical exercises, such as the various forms of ]. Other sacrifices and penances, such as ]s, were also performed.<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= |editor=K. S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Many ashrams also served as ]s, residential schools for children under the ]. An ashram would traditionally, but not necessarily in contemporary times, be located far from human habitation, in ]s or ], amidst refreshing natural surroundings conducive to spiritual instruction and ]. The residents of an ashram regularly performed spiritual and physical exercises, such as the various forms of ]. Other sacrifices and penances, such as ]s, were also performed.<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= |editor=K. S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Many ashrams also served as ]s, residential schools for children under the ].


Sometimes, the goal of a pilgrimage to the ashram was not tranquility, but instruction in some art, especially warfare. In the '']'', the princes of ancient ], ] and ], go to ]'s ashram to protect his yajnas from being defiled by emissary-demons of ]. After they prove their mettle, the princes receive martial instruction from the sage, especially in the use of divine weapons. In the '']'', ], in his youth, goes to the ashram of ] to gain knowledge of both intellectual and spiritual matters. Sometimes, the goal of a pilgrimage to the ashram was not tranquility, but instruction in some art, especially warfare. In the '']'', the princes of ancient ], ], and ], go to ]'s ashram to protect his yajnas from being defiled by emissary-demons of ]. After they prove their mettle, the princes receive martial instruction from the sage, especially in the use of divine weapons. In the '']'', ], in his youth, goes to the ashram of ] to gain knowledge of both intellectual and spiritual matters.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}


==Schools in Maharashtra== ==Schools in Maharashtra==
]s, especially in the tribal areas of ] and elsewhere in ], are called ''ashram shala'' or ashram schools. One such school is the ].<ref>{{cite news|author=Hetal Vyas |title=Shocked HC files suo-motu PIL over ashram rape and deaths |url=http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=3&contentid=20090131200901310511574845e815b1b&sectxslt=&pageno=1 |work=PuneMirror |date=31 January 2009 |accessdate=2009-03-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718051831/http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=3&contentid=20090131200901310511574845e815b1b&sectxslt=&pageno=1 |archivedate=2011-07-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | author= | title=Lok Biradari Prakalp | url=http://www.lokbiradariprakalp.org/ | publisher=Lok Biradari Prakalp | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-03-17}}</ref> ]s, especially in the tribal areas of ] and elsewhere in ], are called ''ashram shala'' or ashram schools. One such school is the ].<ref>{{cite news|author=Hetal Vyas |title=Shocked HC files suo-motu PIL over ashram rape and deaths |url=http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=3&contentid=20090131200901310511574845e815b1b&sectxslt=&pageno=1 |work=PuneMirror |date=31 January 2009 |access-date=2009-03-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718051831/http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=3&contentid=20090131200901310511574845e815b1b&sectxslt=&pageno=1 |archive-date=2011-07-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Lok Biradari Prakalp | url=http://www.lokbiradariprakalp.org/ | publisher=Lok Biradari Prakalp | year=2009 | access-date=2009-03-17}}</ref>


==In the West== ==In the West==
⚫ A number of ashrams have been established outside India. Typically, these ashrams are connected to Indian lineages,<ref>{{Cite web |title=200 hours Yoga teacher training course in Rishikesh India |url=https://www.rishikeshyogastudycenter.com/200-hour-yoga-teacher-training-in-rishikesh-enroll-now |access-date=2018-04-23 |website=yogadaindia.com}}</ref> focus on imparting ]-related teachings, often in ], and are headed by spiritual teachers (Indians or Western).
]
==Gallery==
⚫ A number of ashrams have been established outside India. Typically, these ashrams are connected to Indian lineages,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yogadaindia.com/|title=200 hours Yoga teacher training course in Rishikesh India |website=yogadaindia.com|access-date=2018-04-23}}</ref> focus on imparting ]-related teachings, often in ], and are headed by spiritual teachers (Indians or Western).
<gallery>
⚫ File:Sabarmati-Ashram-8.jpg|], where ] stayed.
File:Sevagram Ashram .jpg|Sevagram Ashram
File:Inside Gandhiji Ashram, Seva Gram.jpg|Ashram with folk architectural elements with wood and bamboo roof.
File:Gandhiji's room @ gandhi ashram.JPG|Arshram in Sabarmati
File:Sabarmati Ashram during Dwaraka DWARASPDB 2015 (14).jpg|Sabarmati Ashram with folk architectural elements; stone floors and wood and lime-plaster walls.
File:Refurbished roof of the Kutir of Maganlaal gandhiji at Sabarmati ashram , ahamadaabad.jpg|Wooden rafters in ashram
File:Hut inside Gandhi Ashram.JPG|Small ashram hut in Sabramati
File:Gandhi Aashram.JPG|Ashram at Sabramati with verandha
File:Acharjya Binoba Bhabe 's kutira at Sabaramati Ashram , Gandhi memorial , Ahamadabad.jpg|Acharjya Binoba Bhabe's kutira at Sabaramati Ashram
⚫ File:Ashrams on the banks of Ganges, Rishikesh.jpg|], ], the headquarters of ], founded by ] in 1936
File:Kailash Ashram, Muni Ki Reti, Rishikesh.jpg|Kailash Ashram, ], ], established by ]
</gallery>

==See also==
*]
*]
*]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


== External links == ==External links==
{{Commons category|Ashrams}}
⚫ * {{wiktionary-inline|Yogada Ashram}}
* {{wiktionary-inline|Rishikesh}} *{{wiktionary-inline|Yogada Ashram}}
⚫ *{{wiktionary-inline|Rishikesh}}


{{Worship in Hinduism}} {{Worship in Hinduism}}

Latest revision as of 20:52, 8 January 2025

Hindu spiritual hermitage or monastery This article is about spiritual hermitages or monasteries. For other uses, see Ashram (disambiguation).
Ashram of sage Kanva depicted on terracotta plaque, 2nd century BCE.

An ashram (Sanskrit: आश्रम, āśrama) is a spiritual hermitage or a monastery in Indian religions.

Etymology

The Sanskrit noun āśrama- is a thematic nominal derivative from the root śram 'toil' (< PIE *ḱremh2, cf. śramaṇa) with the prefix ā 'towards.' An ashram is a place where one strives towards a goal in a disciplined manner. Such a goal could be ascetic, spiritual, yogic or any other.

Overview

Sevagram Ashram in Sabramati, 1936.

An ashram would traditionally, but not necessarily in contemporary times, be located far from human habitation, in forests or mountainous regions, amidst refreshing natural surroundings conducive to spiritual instruction and meditation. The residents of an ashram regularly performed spiritual and physical exercises, such as the various forms of yoga. Other sacrifices and penances, such as yajnas, were also performed. Many ashrams also served as gurukulas, residential schools for children under the guru-shishya tradition.

Sometimes, the goal of a pilgrimage to the ashram was not tranquility, but instruction in some art, especially warfare. In the Ramayana, the princes of ancient Ayodhya, Rama, and Lakshmana, go to Vishvamitra's ashram to protect his yajnas from being defiled by emissary-demons of Ravana. After they prove their mettle, the princes receive martial instruction from the sage, especially in the use of divine weapons. In the Mahabharata, Krishna, in his youth, goes to the ashram of Sandipani to gain knowledge of both intellectual and spiritual matters.

Schools in Maharashtra

Boarding schools, especially in the tribal areas of Maharashtra and elsewhere in India, are called ashram shala or ashram schools. One such school is the Lok Biradari Prakalp Ashram Shala.

In the West

A number of ashrams have been established outside India. Typically, these ashrams are connected to Indian lineages, focus on imparting Yoga-related teachings, often in residential retreats, and are headed by spiritual teachers (Indians or Western).

Gallery

See also

References

  1. "Ashram". Cambridge English Dictionary. Retrieved 4 December 2019. a place where a group of Hindus live together away from the rest of society, or a place where Hindus can go in order to pray
  2. Swami Swahananda (1 January 1990). Monasteries in South Asia. Vedanta Press. pp. 92–. ISBN 978-0-87481-047-9.
  3. Mayeul de Dreuille (1999). "1 Hindu mansticism". From East to West: A History of Monasticism. Gracewing Publishing. pp. 3–27. ISBN 978-0-85244-464-1.
  4. Manfred Mayrhofer (1992). Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen I. Band. Heidelberg: Winter. p. 664.
  5. George Weckman (2000). William M. Johnston (ed.). Encyclopedia of Monasticism: A-L. Routledge. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-57958-090-2.
  6. Gopal, Madan (1990). K. S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 70.
  7. Hetal Vyas (31 January 2009). "Shocked HC files suo-motu PIL over ashram rape and deaths". PuneMirror. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
  8. "Lok Biradari Prakalp". Lok Biradari Prakalp. 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-17.
  9. "200 hours Yoga teacher training course in Rishikesh India". yogadaindia.com. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

External links

  • The dictionary definition of Yogada Ashram at Wiktionary
  • The dictionary definition of Rishikesh at Wiktionary
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