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| {{short description|19th-century Sufi poet (c. |
{{short description|19th-century Sufi poet (c. 1845–1901)}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} | ||
| {{Infobox writer | {{Infobox writer | ||
| | name = |
| name = Khawaja Ghulam Farid<br />{{nobold|{{nq|خواجہ غُلام فرید}}}} | ||
| | image = | | image = Khawaja Ghulam Farid tomb at Kot Mithan.jpg | ||
| | imagesize = 200px | | imagesize = 200px | ||
| | caption = | | caption = Tomb of Ghulam Farid at Mithankot | ||
| | birth_date = {{ |
| birth_date = {{circa|1841}}/1845 | ||
| | birth_place = ], ], ] (present-day ], ]) | | birth_place = ], ], ] (present-day ], ]) | ||
| | death_date = |
| death_date = 24 July 1901 (aged 56 or 60) | ||
| | death_place = ], ], ] (present-day ], ]) | | death_place = ], ], ] (present-day ], ]) | ||
| | resting_place = ], ], ] | | resting_place = ], ], ] | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| ''' |
'''Khawaja Ghulam Farid''' (also ] as '''Fareed'''; {{circa|1841}}/1845 – 24 July 1901) was a 19th-century ] poet and ] from ], ], ], belonging to the ]. Most of his work is in his mother tongue ''Multani'', or what is now known as ]. However, he also contributed to the ], ], ], ], ] and ] literature.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cI1_AgAAQBAJ|title=Muslim Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries|series=Routledge Sufi Series|author-link=Anna Suvorova|first=Anna|last=Suvorova|date=22 July 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1134-37005-4|page=82|quote=Later on these assertions became the conventional tradition of the Sufi poetry that was summed up by the Punjabi poet-mystic Khwaja Ghulam Farid (1841–1901) in one of his kāfī:|via=}}</ref><ref name=Shackle>{{EI3|last= Shackle|first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Shackle|year=2013|title=Ghulām Farīd|url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24430|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24430}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mir |first=Farina |author-link=Farina Mir |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/488731894 |title=The Social Space of Language: Vernacular Culture in British Colonial Punjab |date=2010 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-26269-0 |series=South Asia across the Disciplines |location=Berkeley |pages=105–106 |oclc=}}</ref><ref name=Langah/> His writing style is characterized by the integration of themes such as death, passionate worldly and spiritual love, and the grief associated with love.<ref name=Langah>{{cite journal |last1=Langah |first1=Nukhbah Taj |title=Tracing Sufi influence in the works of contemporary Siraiki Poet, Riffat Abbas |journal=South Asian Diaspora |date=3 July 2014 |volume=6 |issue=2 |page=194 |doi=10.1080/19438192.2014.912465 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19438192.2014.912465 |publisher=] |language=en |issn=1943-8192 |quote=Khwaja Farid’s writing style combines the themes of death, passionate worldly and spiritual love and grief associated with love. He wrote in various different languages including Punjabi, Urdu, Pashto, Sindhi, Hindi and Persian, but gained popularity mainly for writing in his mother language, Siraiki.}}</ref> | ||
| == |
==Life== | ||
| He was born into a branch of the Koreja family who claimed descent from ] ({{reign|634|644}}), the second ] through an early migrant to ]. The family was established as saints associated with the ]. Originally from ], ], the family seat later moved to ] in the early 18th century on the invitation of a disciple and subsequently transferred their allegiance to the Chishtī order.<ref name=Shackle/><ref name="VM">{{cite book |last1=Asghar |first1=Muhammad |title=The Sacred and the Secular: Aesthetics in Domestic Spaces of Pakistan/Punjab |date=2016 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-643-90836-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=utd7DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA92 |language=en |quote=This saint originally belonged to Thatta (Sindh), and is buried in Mithankot, a small town on the right bank of the river Indus. Khwaja Ghulam Farid (1841-1901) is the most famous Chishti Sufi saint in Pakistan and particularly revered in Southern Punjab where Seraiki language is spoken. He composed many mystical lyrics in the Seraiki language.|page=92}}</ref> Khawaja Farid was born {{circa|1841}}/1845 at ]. Farid's father died when he was around eight years of age. He was then brought up by his elder brother, Khawaja Fakhr al-Dīn, and grew up to become a scholar and writer. He received a fine formal education at the royal palace of ], the ]. His brother Fakhr al-Dīn, who had brought him up after their parents' deaths, also died when Farid was 26 years old. Farid performed '']'' (pilgrimage to ]) in 1875, and then retired to the ] (also known as ''Rohi'') for '']'' (retreat) where he spent a total of eighteen years. He died at Chachran on 24 July, 1901, and was buried at Mithankot.<ref name=Shackle/> | |||
| Born in {{circa|1841}}. Farid's mother died when he was four years old and he was orphaned around the age of eight when his father, Khwaja Khuda Bakhsh, died. He was then brought up by his elder brother, Khwaja Fakhr-ud-Din, also known as Khwaja Fakhr Jehan Sain, and grew up to become a scholar and writer. | |||
| Sadeq Mohammad Khan III ] took Farid to his palace at ] for his religious education by a scholar, when he was 8 years old. His brother Fakhr-ud-Din, who had brought him up after his parents' deaths, also died when Farid was 28 years old. Farid then left for the ] (also known as ''Rohi'') for '']'' (retreat) where he lived for 18 years. Most of his work includes mentioning of the beauty of this place. | |||
| Farid performed '']'' (pilgrimage to ]) in 1876. | |||
| ==Works== | ==Works== | ||
| His most significant works include: | His most significant works include:<ref name=Shackle/> | ||
| * '']- |
* '']-i Farīd'' | ||
| * '' |
* ''Manāqib-i maḥbūbiyya'' (Persian prose) | ||
| * '' |
* ''Fawāʾid-i Farīdiyya'' (Persian prose) | ||
| ] | |||
| In his poetry, he frequently uses the symbolism of a desert. Namely, he discusses how beautiful the desert is and how it attracted him to stay there for 18 years and how he believed that made him feel close to ]. His work however does also include slightly touching the topic of political affairs, opposing the British rule in ] state, writing a letter to the ] and also mentioning it in some of his poetry. | |||
| == Legacy == | == Legacy == | ||
| {{Sufism}} | {{Sufism}} | ||
| ⚫ | *A literary award named after Farid {{snd}} the Khwaja Ghulam Farid Award {{snd}} is awarded yearly by the ] in literature, its recipients including ] (in 2013) and Irshad Taunsvi (in 2007) among others.<ref> Academy of the Punjab in North America website, Published 10 August 2007, Retrieved 15 April 2020</ref> | ||
| *The 20th century saw the development of a branch of literary studies on Farid's life and work called ''Fareediyat''.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} | |||
| *Today, many religious and educational institutions in Pakistan and India are named after Farid (e.g., ] in ], Pakistan) as are streets and town living quarters. | |||
| ⚫ | *A literary award named after Farid |
||
| * In 2001, on Farid's 100th death anniversary ('']''), ] issued a memorial stamp to honour him in its "Poets of Pakistan" series.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} | |||
| *], the public school built by Nawab ] in Bahawalpur, has a house for the day scholars of the prep section named after Farid, called Fareed House.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} | |||
| *] is the name of one of the historic gates surrounding the old city of ] named in Farid's honour. | *] is the name of one of the historic gates surrounding the old city of ] named in Farid's honour. | ||
| *The ] (KFUEIT) in ] was named after Farid. | *The ] (KFUEIT) in ] was named after Farid. | ||
| * Shrine of Khawaja Ghulam Farid in ], Punjab is among the ''10 most visited shrines in Pakistan''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/982590/10-most-visited-shrines-in-pakistan |author=Sumayia Asif|date=2 November 2015|title=10 most visited shrines in Pakistan|newspaper=The Express Tribune (newspaper)|access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref> | * Shrine of Khawaja Ghulam Farid in ], Punjab is among the ''10 most visited shrines in Pakistan''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/982590/10-most-visited-shrines-in-pakistan |author=Sumayia Asif|date=2 November 2015|title=10 most visited shrines in Pakistan|newspaper=The Express Tribune (newspaper)|access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref> | ||
| *The ] close to Mithan Kot ] was named after Khawaja Ghulam Farid.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} | |||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
Latest revision as of 21:04, 8 January 2025
19th-century Sufi poet (c. 1845–1901)
| Khawaja Ghulam Farid خواجہ غُلام فرید | |
|---|---|
 Tomb of Ghulam Farid at Mithankot | |
| Born | c. 1841/1845 Chachran, Bahawalpur, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Died | 24 July 1901 (aged 56 or 60) Chachran, Bahawalpur, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Resting place | Mithankot, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Notable work | Diwan-e-Farid Manaqab-e-Mehboobia Fawaid Faridia |
Khawaja Ghulam Farid (also romanized as Fareed; c. 1841/1845 – 24 July 1901) was a 19th-century Sufi poet and mystic from Bahawalpur, Punjab, British India, belonging to the Chishti Order. Most of his work is in his mother tongue Multani, or what is now known as Saraiki. However, he also contributed to the Punjabi, Urdu, Pashto, Sindhi, Hindi and Persian literature. His writing style is characterized by the integration of themes such as death, passionate worldly and spiritual love, and the grief associated with love.
Life
He was born into a branch of the Koreja family who claimed descent from Umar (r. 634–644), the second Rashidun caliph through an early migrant to Sindh. The family was established as saints associated with the Suhrawardī Sufi order. Originally from Thatta, Sindh, the family seat later moved to Mithankot in the early 18th century on the invitation of a disciple and subsequently transferred their allegiance to the Chishtī order. Khawaja Farid was born c. 1841/1845 at Chachran. Farid's father died when he was around eight years of age. He was then brought up by his elder brother, Khawaja Fakhr al-Dīn, and grew up to become a scholar and writer. He received a fine formal education at the royal palace of Ṣādiq Muḥammad IV, the Nawab of Bahawalpur. His brother Fakhr al-Dīn, who had brought him up after their parents' deaths, also died when Farid was 26 years old. Farid performed hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) in 1875, and then retired to the Cholistan Desert (also known as Rohi) for chilla (retreat) where he spent a total of eighteen years. He died at Chachran on 24 July, 1901, and was buried at Mithankot.
Works
His most significant works include:
- Dīwān-i Farīd
- Manāqib-i maḥbūbiyya (Persian prose)
- Fawāʾid-i Farīdiyya (Persian prose)
Legacy
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- A literary award named after Farid – the Khwaja Ghulam Farid Award – is awarded yearly by the Pakistan Academy of Letters in literature, its recipients including Ismail Ahmedani (in 2013) and Irshad Taunsvi (in 2007) among others.
- Fareed Gate is the name of one of the historic gates surrounding the old city of Bahawalpur named in Farid's honour.
- The Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT) in Rahim Yar Khan District was named after Farid.
- Shrine of Khawaja Ghulam Farid in Rajanpur, Punjab is among the 10 most visited shrines in Pakistan.
See also
- Fariduddin Ganjshakar
- Punjabi literature
- Qari Muhammad Muslehuddin Siddiqui
- Pathanay Khan
- Christopher Shackle
References
- Suvorova, Anna (22 July 2004). Muslim Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries. Routledge Sufi Series. Routledge. p. 82. ISBN 978-1134-37005-4.
Later on these assertions became the conventional tradition of the Sufi poetry that was summed up by the Punjabi poet-mystic Khwaja Ghulam Farid (1841–1901) in one of his kāfī:
- ^ Shackle, Christopher (2013). "Ghulām Farīd". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24430. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Mir, Farina (2010). The Social Space of Language: Vernacular Culture in British Colonial Punjab. South Asia across the Disciplines. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-0-520-26269-0.
- ^ Langah, Nukhbah Taj (3 July 2014). "Tracing Sufi influence in the works of contemporary Siraiki Poet, Riffat Abbas". South Asian Diaspora. 6 (2). Routledge: 194. doi:10.1080/19438192.2014.912465. ISSN 1943-8192.
Khwaja Farid's writing style combines the themes of death, passionate worldly and spiritual love and grief associated with love. He wrote in various different languages including Punjabi, Urdu, Pashto, Sindhi, Hindi and Persian, but gained popularity mainly for writing in his mother language, Siraiki.
- Asghar, Muhammad (2016). The Sacred and the Secular: Aesthetics in Domestic Spaces of Pakistan/Punjab. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 92. ISBN 978-3-643-90836-0.
This saint originally belonged to Thatta (Sindh), and is buried in Mithankot, a small town on the right bank of the river Indus. Khwaja Ghulam Farid (1841-1901) is the most famous Chishti Sufi saint in Pakistan and particularly revered in Southern Punjab where Seraiki language is spoken. He composed many mystical lyrics in the Seraiki language.
- PAL announces National Literary Awards Academy of the Punjab in North America website, Published 10 August 2007, Retrieved 15 April 2020
- Sumayia Asif (2 November 2015). "10 most visited shrines in Pakistan". The Express Tribune (newspaper). Retrieved 28 April 2022.