Revision as of 22:47, 8 January 2025 editAfddiary (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,396 edits More info re: William WilliamsTag: Visual edit← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 18:23, 9 January 2025 edit undoAfddiary (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users2,396 edits Replaced hyphenated names (which can potentially be offensive and are largely inaccurate) with the names as they were spelled directly on a photo of a memorial to the 38 men, uploaded to the Wikimedia Commons. Memorial pictured here: https://commons.wikimedia.org/File:Memoriam_at_Reconciliation_Park,_Mankato_Minnesota.jpgTag: Visual edit | ||
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Between ]'s first recorded execution in 1854 (which occurred while it was a ]) and the state's final recorded execution in 1906, there were at least |
This is a '''list of people executed in Minnesota''' as both a territory and a state. Between ]'s first recorded execution in 1854 (which occurred while it was a ]) and the state's final recorded execution in 1906, there were at least 70 legal executions in Minnesota. All executions in Minnesota were carried out by ]. | ||
Notably, on December 26, 1862, Minnesota was the site of the largest ] in United States history when 38 men, all ] involved in the ], were simultaneously executed by hanging on the same gallows in ], after being convicted of various capital crimes including murder, being an accessory to murder, and kidnapping. The hangings were ordered by a ] and technically overseen by the federal government.<ref name="apology">{{cite news |date=January 7, 2020 |title=Governor Walz makes historic apology for 1862 mass hanging in Mankato |url=https://ictnews.org/the-press-pool/governor-walz-makes-historic-apology-for-1862-mass-hanging-in-mankato |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108214154/https://ictnews.org/the-press-pool/governor-walz-makes-historic-apology-for-1862-mass-hanging-in-mankato |archive-date=2025-01-08 |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=ICT News |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Bessler |first=John |date=March 2004 |title=The Botched Hanging of William Williams: How Too Much Rope and Minnesota's Newspapers Brought an End to the Death Penalty in Minnesota |url=https://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/all_fac/88/ |journal=University of Baltimore School of Law Journal |via=ScholarWorks}}</ref> | |||
All executions in Minnesota were carried out by ]. | |||
Minnesota experienced a 17-year moratorium on executions between 1868 and 1885 due to the passage of a law limiting the application of the death penalty in the state; the law was passed in 1868 and repealed in 1883.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
Notably, on December 26, 1862, Minnesota was the site of the largest ] in United States history when 38 men, all ] involved in the ], were simultaneously executed by hanging on the same gallows in ], after being convicted of various capital crimes including murder, being an accessory to murder, and kidnapping. The hangings were ordered by a ] and technically overseen by the federal government. Two more executions of Dakota men took place in 1865. In 2019, the Dakota people received an apology from Minnesota governor ] for the mass hanging, with the state government apologizing for "150 years of trauma inflicted on Native people at the hands of state government".<ref name="apology">{{cite news |date=January 7, 2020 |title=Governor Walz makes historic apology for 1862 mass hanging in Mankato |url=https://ictnews.org/the-press-pool/governor-walz-makes-historic-apology-for-1862-mass-hanging-in-mankato |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108214154/https://ictnews.org/the-press-pool/governor-walz-makes-historic-apology-for-1862-mass-hanging-in-mankato |archive-date=2025-01-08 |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=ICT News |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
Capital punishment in Minnesota was officially abolished on {{Date|April 22, 1911|MDY}}. No executions have taken place in Minnesota since 1906.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Minnesota: History of the Death Penalty |url=https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/state-by-state/minnesota |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108215825/https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/state-by-state/minnesota |archive-date=2025-01-08 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=R. L. |date=2023-01-30 |title=Execution of William Williams |url=https://www.mnopedia.org/event/execution-william-williams |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108235854/https://www.mnopedia.org/event/execution-william-williams |archive-date=2025-01-08 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=MNopedia}}</ref> | |||
Information is sourced from the Espy Files unless otherwise specified.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minnesota Executions |url=http://users.bestweb.net/~rg/execution/MINNESOTA.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801002222/http://users.bestweb.net/~rg/execution/MINNESOTA.htm |archive-date=2009-08-01 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Before the Needles}}</ref> | Information is sourced from the Espy Files unless otherwise specified.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minnesota Executions |url=http://users.bestweb.net/~rg/execution/MINNESOTA.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801002222/http://users.bestweb.net/~rg/execution/MINNESOTA.htm |archive-date=2009-08-01 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Before the Needles}}</ref> | ||
The list does not contain extrajudicial executions, murders, or lynchings. | |||
{{Dynamic list|multiple=no}} | {{Dynamic list|multiple=no}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |1 | ! scope="row" |1 | ||
|Uhazy (or Yuhagu) | |||
|{{sortname|Yu-Ha-Gu||nolink=1|link=}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
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|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
|<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!2 | !2 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!4 | !4 | ||
|Ti hdo' ni ca | |||
|{{sortname|Te-he-do-ne-cha||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|December 26, 1862|MDY}} | | rowspan="39" |{{Date|December 26, 1862|MDY}} | ||
|] | | rowspan="39" |] | ||
| rowspan="39" |Murder, accessory to murder, or kidnapping related to involvement in the ] | |||
|Kidnapping | |||
| rowspan="39" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Trials & Hanging |url=https://www.usdakotawar.org/history/aftermath/trials-hanging |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109092845/https://www.usdakotawar.org/history/aftermath/trials-hanging |archive-date=2025-01-09 |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=The US-Dakota War of 1862}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |5 | ! scope="row" |5 | ||
|Hda Inyan Ka | |||
|{{sortname|Rad-in-yau-ka||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|December 26, 1862|MDY}} | |||
|] | |||
|Kidnapping | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!6 | !6 | ||
|Ptan Du ta | |||
|{{sortname|Ptan-doo-ta||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| rowspan="37" |{{Date|December 26, 1862|MDY}} | |||
| rowspan="37" |] | |||
| rowspan="37" |Murder, accessory to murder, or kidnapping related to involvement in the ] | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!7 | !7 | ||
|Mahpi'ya A i'na zin | |||
|{{sortname|Wy-a-tah-ta-wa||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |8 | ! scope="row" |8 | ||
|Hin han'sunko yag mani | |||
|{{sortname|Hin-han-shoon-ko-yang||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!9 | !9 | ||
|Maza Bo mdu | |||
|{{sortname|Ma-za-boom-doo||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!10 | !10 | ||
|Wa hpe Duta | |||
|{{sortname|Wah-pa-doo-ta||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!11 | !11 | ||
|Wa hi' hna | |||
|{{sortname|Wa-ha-hua||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!12 | !12 | ||
|Sna Mani | |||
|{{sortname|Sna-ma-ne||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |13 | ! scope="row" |13 | ||
|Oyate' A ku | |||
|{{sortname|Ta-tay-me-ma||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!14 | !14 | ||
|{{sortname|Do |
|{{sortname|Do|wan' s'a|nolink=1}} | ||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| | | | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!15 | !15 | ||
|He pan | |||
|{{sortname|Ha-pan||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!16 | !16 | ||
|Sun'ka ska | |||
|{{sortname|Shoon-ka-ska||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |17 | ! scope="row" |17 | ||
Line 156: | Line 142: | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!18 | !18 | ||
|Tunkan' I ca'hda mani | |||
|{{sortname|Toon-kan-e-chah-tay-m||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!19 | !19 | ||
|I te' Duta | |||
|{{sortname|E-tay-doo-tay||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |20 | ! scope="row" |20 | ||
|He pi'da | |||
|{{sortname|Hay-pe-dan||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!21 | !21 | ||
Line 184: | Line 166: | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!22 | !22 | ||
Line 191: | Line 172: | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!23 | !23 | ||
|] | |||
|{{sortname|Chas-kay-dan||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |24 | ! scope="row" |24 | ||
Line 205: | Line 184: | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!25 | !25 | ||
|Tate' Kaga | |||
|{{sortname|Ta-ta-ka-gay||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!26 | !26 | ||
|He In'Kpa | |||
|{{sortname|Hay-pin-kpa||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |27 | ! scope="row" |27 | ||
Line 226: | Line 202: | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!28 | !28 | ||
|Na pe'sni | |||
|{{sortname|Nay-pay-shne||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!29 | !29 | ||
|Wakan Tanka | |||
|{{sortname|Wa-tau-kau-ka||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!30 | !30 | ||
|Tunkan' Ko yag Ina'zin | |||
|{{sortname|Toon-kan-ko-yag-e-na||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |31 | ! scope="row" |31 | ||
|Maka'ta I na'zin | |||
|{{sortname|Ma-ka-ta-e-na-jin||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!32 | !32 | ||
|Maza Kute' mani | |||
|{{sortname|Pa-za-koo-tay-ma-ne||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!33 | !33 | ||
|Tate' Hdi da | |||
|{{sortname|Ta-tay-hde-dan||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |34 | ! scope="row" |34 | ||
|Wasicuƞ | |||
|{{sortname|Wa-she-choon||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!35 | !35 | ||
|A i caga | |||
|{{sortname|A-e-cha-ga||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!36 | !36 | ||
|Ho i'tan in ku | |||
|{{sortname|Ho-tau-in-koo||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!37 | !37 | ||
|Ce tan' Hunka' | |||
|{{sortname|Khay-tau-hoon-ka||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |38 | ! scope="row" |38 | ||
|Can Ka hda | |||
|{{sortname|Chau-ka-hda||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!39 | !39 | ||
|Hda' hin hde | |||
|{{sortname|Hda-hin-hday||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!40 | !40 | ||
|Oyate Ta Wa | |||
|{{sortname|O-ya-tay-a-kee||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" |41 | ! scope="row" |41 | ||
|Mahu we hi | |||
|{{sortname|Ma-hoo-way-ma||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!42 | !42 | ||
|Wa Kin' yan na | |||
|{{sortname|Wa-kin-yau-wa||nolink=1}} | |||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!43 | !43 | ||
|John Campbell | |||
|Multiracial | |||
| - | |||
| | |||
|{{Date|May 3, 1865|MDY}} | |||
|] | |||
|Murder of Andrew Jewitt | |||
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Bessler |first=John D. |date=1996 |title=The "Midnight Assassination Law" and Minnesota's Anti-Death Penalty Movement, 1849–1911 |url=http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/wmlr/vol22/iss2/15 |journal=William Mitchell Law Review |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=577–730}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
!44 | |||
|{{sortname|Medicine|Bottle|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Medicine|Bottle|nolink=1}} | ||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
Line 341: | Line 311: | ||
| rowspan="2" |] | | rowspan="2" |] | ||
| rowspan="2" |Murder, accessory to murder, or kidnapping related to involvement in the ] | | rowspan="2" |Murder, accessory to murder, or kidnapping related to involvement in the ] | ||
| rowspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" |<ref name=":0" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!45 | ||
|{{sortname|Shakopee|III|nolink=}} | |{{sortname|Shakopee|III|nolink=}} | ||
|Native American | |Native American | ||
Line 349: | Line 319: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |46 | ||
|{{sortname|Andreas|Roesch|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Andreas|Roesch|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 355: | Line 325: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Mar 6, 1868|MDY}} | |{{Date|Mar 6, 1868|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!47 | ||
|{{sortname|John|Waisenen|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|John|Waisenen|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 365: | Line 335: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Aug 28, 1885|MDY}} | |{{Date|Aug 28, 1885|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Robbery and murder | |Robbery and murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!48 | ||
|{{sortname|Nels|Holong|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Nels Olsom|Holong|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
|30 | |30 | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Apr 13, 1888|MDY}} | |{{Date|Apr 13, 1888|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Rape and |
|Rape, murder, and mutilation of a young woman | ||
|<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |49 | ||
|{{sortname|John|Lee|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|John|Lee|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 385: | Line 355: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Feb 15, 1889|MDY}} | |{{Date|Feb 15, 1889|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!50 | ||
|{{sortname|Timothy|Barrett|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Timothy|Barrett|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
| - | | - | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Mar 22, 1889|MDY}} | | rowspan="2" |{{Date|Mar 22, 1889|MDY}} | ||
|] | | rowspan="2" |] | ||
|Robbery and murder | | rowspan="2" |Robbery and murder | ||
| rowspan="2" | | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!51 | ||
|{{sortname|Peter|Barrett|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Peter|Barrett|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
|17 | |17 | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Mar 22, 1889|MDY}} | |||
|] | |||
|Robbery and murder | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!52 | ||
|{{sortname|Albert|Bulow|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Albert|Bulow|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 415: | Line 381: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Jul 19, 1889|MDY}} | |{{Date|Jul 19, 1889|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Robbery and murder | |Robbery and murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |53 | ||
|{{sortname|Thomas|Brown|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Thomas|Brown|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 425: | Line 391: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Sep 20, 1889|MDY}} | |{{Date|Sep 20, 1889|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!54 | ||
|{{sortname|William|Brooker|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|William|Brooker|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 435: | Line 401: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Jun 27, 1890|MDY}} | |{{Date|Jun 27, 1890|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!55 | ||
|{{sortname|William|Rose|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|William|Rose|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 445: | Line 411: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Jan 17, 1891|MDY}} | |{{Date|Jan 17, 1891|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |56 | ||
|{{sortname|Adelbert|Goheen|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Adelbert|Goheen|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 455: | Line 421: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Jan 23, 1891|MDY}} | |{{Date|Jan 23, 1891|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!57 | ||
|{{sortname|Charles|Ermisch|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Charles|Ermisch|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 465: | Line 431: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Jan 19, 1894|MDY}} | |{{Date|Jan 19, 1894|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Robbery and murder | |Robbery and murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!58 | ||
|{{sortname|Otto|Wonigkeit|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Otto|Wonigkeit|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 475: | Line 441: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Jan 19, 1894|MDY}} | |{{Date|Jan 19, 1894|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Robbery and murder | |Robbery and murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!59 | ||
|{{sortname|Harry T.|Hayward|nolink=}} | |{{sortname|Harry T.|Hayward|nolink=}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 485: | Line 451: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Dec 11, 1895|MDY}} | |{{Date|Dec 11, 1895|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder of Katherine "Kitty" Ging | |Murder of Katherine "Kitty" Ging | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |60 | ||
|{{sortname|John|Pryde|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|John|Pryde|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
Line 495: | Line 461: | ||
|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Jul 23, 1896|MDY}} | |{{Date|Jul 23, 1896|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Robbery and murder | |Robbery and murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!61 | ||
|{{sortname|George|Kelly|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|George|Kelly|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
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|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|March 23, 1897|MDY}} | |{{Date|March 23, 1897|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder of Dr. Foster{{Efn|Kelly also confessed to the murders of Edward Paul and Jacob Hayes, which took place in Wyoming. He was executed for the Minnesota-based murder of Dr. Foster.}} | |Murder of Dr. Foster{{Efn|Kelly also confessed to the murders of Edward Paul and Jacob Hayes, which took place in Wyoming. He was executed for the Minnesota-based murder of Dr. Foster.}} | ||
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=1897-03-23 |title=Stern Justice Dealt Out to Murderer George Kelly. Hanged at Center City Shortly After Midnight |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-saint-paul-globe-news-23-mar-1897-ge/26735630/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108224223/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-saint-paul-globe-news-23-mar-1897-ge/26735630/ |archive-date=2025-01-08 |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=The Saint Paul Globe |pages=1 |via=]}}</ref> | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=1897-03-23 |title=Stern Justice Dealt Out to Murderer George Kelly. Hanged at Center City Shortly After Midnight |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-saint-paul-globe-news-23-mar-1897-ge/26735630/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108224223/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-saint-paul-globe-news-23-mar-1897-ge/26735630/ |archive-date=2025-01-08 |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=The Saint Paul Globe |pages=1 |via=]}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!62 | ||
|{{sortname|John|Moshik|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|John|Moshik|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!63 | ||
|{{sortname|Joseph|Ott|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Joseph|Ott|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
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|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Oct 20, 1898|MDY}} | |{{Date|Oct 20, 1898|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |64 | ||
|{{sortname|Franz|Wallert|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Franz|Wallert|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
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|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Mar 29, 1901|MDY}} | |{{Date|Mar 29, 1901|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!65 | ||
|{{sortname|Andrew|Tapper|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Andrew|Tapper|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
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|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Feb 18, 1902|MDY}} | |{{Date|Feb 18, 1902|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!66 | ||
|{{sortname|Charles|Henderson|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Charles|Henderson|nolink=1}} | ||
|Black | |Black | ||
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|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Mar 6, 1903|MDY}} | |{{Date|Mar 6, 1903|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!67 | ||
|{{sortname|Ole|Oleson|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Ole|Oleson|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
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|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Mar 20, 1903|MDY}} | |{{Date|Mar 20, 1903|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder | |Murder | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | |
! scope="row" |68 | ||
|{{sortname|William|Chounard|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|William|Chounard|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!69 | ||
|{{sortname|Claud|Crawford|nolink=1}} | |{{sortname|Claud|Crawford|nolink=1}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! |
!70 | ||
|{{sortname|William|Williams|nolink=|link=William Williams (murderer)}} | |{{sortname|William|Williams|nolink=|link=William Williams (murderer)}} | ||
|White | |White | ||
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|M | |M | ||
|{{Date|Feb 13, 1906|MDY}} | |{{Date|Feb 13, 1906|MDY}} | ||
|] | |] | ||
|Murder of John Keller and Keller's mother Mary | |Murder of John Keller and Keller's mother Mary | ||
| | | |
Latest revision as of 18:23, 9 January 2025
This is a list of people executed in Minnesota as both a territory and a state. Between Minnesota's first recorded execution in 1854 (which occurred while it was a territory) and the state's final recorded execution in 1906, there were at least 70 legal executions in Minnesota. All executions in Minnesota were carried out by hanging.
Notably, on December 26, 1862, Minnesota was the site of the largest mass execution in United States history when 38 men, all Dakota men involved in the Dakota War of 1862, were simultaneously executed by hanging on the same gallows in Mankato, Minnesota, after being convicted of various capital crimes including murder, being an accessory to murder, and kidnapping. The hangings were ordered by a military commission and technically overseen by the federal government.
Minnesota experienced a 17-year moratorium on executions between 1868 and 1885 due to the passage of a law limiting the application of the death penalty in the state; the law was passed in 1868 and repealed in 1883.
Capital punishment in Minnesota was officially abolished on April 22, 1911. No executions have taken place in Minnesota since 1906.
Information is sourced from the Espy Files unless otherwise specified.
The list does not contain extrajudicial executions, murders, or lynchings.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.All executions in Minnesota, 1854–1906
No. | Name | Race | Age | Sex | Date of Execution | County | Crime(s) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Uhazy (or Yuhagu) | Native American | - | M | December 29, 1854 | Morrison | Murder | |
2 | Ann Bilansky | White | 34 | F | March 23, 1860 | Waseca | Murder of her husband | |
3 | Henry Kriegler | White | - | M | March 1, 1861 | Ramsey | Murder | |
4 | Ti hdo' ni ca | Native American | - | M | December 26, 1862 | Blue Earth | Murder, accessory to murder, or kidnapping related to involvement in the Dakota War of 1862 | |
5 | Hda Inyan Ka | Native American | - | M | ||||
6 | Ptan Du ta | Native American | - | M | ||||
7 | Mahpi'ya A i'na zin | Native American | - | M | ||||
8 | Hin han'sunko yag mani | Native American | - | M | ||||
9 | Maza Bo mdu | Native American | - | M | ||||
10 | Wa hpe Duta | Native American | - | M | ||||
11 | Wa hi' hna | Native American | - | M | ||||
12 | Sna Mani | Native American | - | M | ||||
13 | Oyate' A ku | Native American | - | M | ||||
14 | Do wan' s'a | Native American | M | |||||
15 | He pan | Native American | - | M | ||||
16 | Sun'ka ska | Native American | - | M | ||||
17 | Am-da-cha | Native American | - | M | ||||
18 | Tunkan' I ca'hda mani | Native American | - | M | ||||
19 | I te' Duta | Native American | - | M | ||||
20 | He pi'da | Native American | - | M | ||||
21 | Maȟpiya Akan Nažiŋ | Native American | - | M | ||||
22 | Henry Milford | Native American | - | M | ||||
23 | Chaska (Dakota: Wičháhpi Waštédaŋpi) | Native American | - | M | ||||
24 | Baptiste Campbell | Native American | - | M | ||||
25 | Tate' Kaga | Native American | - | M | ||||
26 | He In'Kpa | Native American | - | M | ||||
27 | Hypolite Ange | Native American | - | M | ||||
28 | Na pe'sni | Native American | - | M | ||||
29 | Wakan Tanka | Native American | - | M | ||||
30 | Tunkan' Ko yag Ina'zin | Native American | - | M | ||||
31 | Maka'ta I na'zin | Native American | - | M | ||||
32 | Maza Kute' mani | Native American | - | M | ||||
33 | Tate' Hdi da | Native American | - | M | ||||
34 | Wasicuƞ | Native American | - | M | ||||
35 | A i caga | Native American | - | M | ||||
36 | Ho i'tan in ku | Native American | - | M | ||||
37 | Ce tan' Hunka' | Native American | - | M | ||||
38 | Can Ka hda | Native American | - | M | ||||
39 | Hda' hin hde | Native American | - | M | ||||
40 | Oyate Ta Wa | Native American | - | M | ||||
41 | Mahu we hi | Native American | - | M | ||||
42 | Wa Kin' yan na | Native American | - | M | ||||
43 | John Campbell | Multiracial | - | May 3, 1865 | Blue Earth | Murder of Andrew Jewitt | ||
44 | Medicine Bottle | Native American | - | M | November 11, 1865 | Hennepin | Murder, accessory to murder, or kidnapping related to involvement in the Dakota War of 1862 | |
45 | Shakopee III | Native American | 54 | M | ||||
46 | Andreas Roesch | White | - | M | March 6, 1868 | Nicollet | Murder | |
47 | John Waisenen | White | - | M | August 28, 1885 | St. Louis | Robbery and murder | |
48 | Nels Olsom Holong | White | 30 | M | April 13, 1888 | Otter Tail | Rape, murder, and mutilation of a young woman | |
49 | John Lee | White | - | M | February 15, 1889 | Douglas | Murder | |
50 | Timothy Barrett | White | - | M | March 22, 1889 | Hennepin | Robbery and murder | |
51 | Peter Barrett | White | 17 | M | ||||
52 | Albert Bulow | White | 28 | M | July 19, 1889 | Morrison | Robbery and murder | |
53 | Thomas Brown | White | 24 | M | September 20, 1889 | Clay | Murder | |
54 | William Brooker | White | - | M | June 27, 1890 | Pine | Murder | |
55 | William Rose | White | - | M | January 17, 1891 | Redwood | Murder | |
56 | Adelbert Goheen | White | 20 | M | January 23, 1891 | Otter Tail | Murder | |
57 | Charles Ermisch | White | 19 | M | January 19, 1894 | Ramsey | Robbery and murder | |
58 | Otto Wonigkeit | White | 19 | M | January 19, 1894 | Ramsey | Robbery and murder | |
59 | Harry T. Hayward | White | 29 | M | December 11, 1895 | Chisago | Murder of Katherine "Kitty" Ging | |
60 | John Pryde | White | - | M | July 23, 1896 | Hennepin | Robbery and murder | |
61 | George Kelly | White | 32 | M | March 23, 1897 | Crow Wing | Murder of Dr. Foster | |
62 | John Moshik | White | 25 | M | March 18, 1898 | Hennepin | Robbery and murder | |
63 | Joseph Ott | White | - | M | October 20, 1898 | Yellow Medicine | Murder | |
64 | Franz Wallert | White | - | M | March 29, 1901 | Sibley | Murder | |
65 | Andrew Tapper | White | 35 | M | February 18, 1902 | Carver | Murder | |
66 | Charles Henderson | Black | - | M | March 6, 1903 | St. Louis | Murder | |
67 | Ole Oleson | White | - | M | March 20, 1903 | Aitkin | Murder | |
68 | William Chounard | White | - | M | August 30, 1904 | St. Louis | Murder | |
69 | Claud Crawford | White | - | M | December 5, 1905 | Aitkin | Robbery and murder | |
70 | William Williams | White | 27 | M | February 13, 1906 | Ramsey | Murder of John Keller and Keller's mother Mary |
Notes
- Kelly also confessed to the murders of Edward Paul and Jacob Hayes, which took place in Wyoming. He was executed for the Minnesota-based murder of Dr. Foster.
See also
References
- "Governor Walz makes historic apology for 1862 mass hanging in Mankato". ICT News. Indian Country Today. January 7, 2020. Archived from the original on 2025-01-08. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
- Bessler, John (March 2004). "The Botched Hanging of William Williams: How Too Much Rope and Minnesota's Newspapers Brought an End to the Death Penalty in Minnesota". University of Baltimore School of Law Journal – via ScholarWorks.
- ^ Bessler, John D. (1996). "The "Midnight Assassination Law" and Minnesota's Anti-Death Penalty Movement, 1849–1911". William Mitchell Law Review. 22 (2): 577–730.
- "Minnesota: History of the Death Penalty". Death Penalty Information Center. Archived from the original on 2025-01-08. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
- Cartwright, R. L. (2023-01-30). "Execution of William Williams". MNopedia. Archived from the original on 2025-01-08. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
- "Minnesota Executions". Before the Needles. Archived from the original on 2009-08-01. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
- "Minnesota: History of the Death Penalty". Death Penalty Information Center. Archived from the original on 2025-01-08. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
- "The Trials & Hanging". The US-Dakota War of 1862. Archived from the original on 2025-01-09. Retrieved 2025-01-09.
- "Stern Justice Dealt Out to Murderer George Kelly. Hanged at Center City Shortly After Midnight". The Saint Paul Globe. 1897-03-23. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2025-01-08. Retrieved 2025-01-08 – via Newspapers.com.