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| '''Konkani Muslims''' (or ''Kokani'' Muslims) are an ] subgroup of the ] of the ]i region along the west ], who practice ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Bombay Islam: the religious economy of the West Indian Ocean, 1840–1915 |first=Nile |last=Green |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011}}</ |
'''Konkani Muslims''' (or ''Kokani'' Muslims) are an ] subgroup of the ] of the ]i region along the west ], who practice ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Bombay Islam: the religious economy of the West Indian Ocean, 1840–1915 |first=Nile |last=Green |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011}}</ref>{{pn|date=October 2023}} '']'' and "]" Muslims from the ] district of ] have similar origin as Konkani Muslims, but show a distinct ethnolinguistic identity due to geographical isolation of the ] coast from the Konkan coast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2017jun24/411956.html|title = Connecting Konkan with Arabia via Iran: The history of Nawayathi, the language of Bhatkali Muslims|date = 24 June 2017}}</ref> | ||
| == Geography == | == Geography == | ||
| The Konkani Muslim community forms a part of the larger Konkani-speaking demographic and are predominantly located in the ] of the Indian state of ].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The People Of Bombay 1850-1914 (An approach paper) |first=Cynthia |last1=Deshmukh |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=40 |year=1979 |pages=836–840 |jstor=44142034}}</ref> This includes the administrative districts of ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. | The Konkani Muslim community forms a part of the larger Konkani-speaking demographic and are predominantly located in the ] of the Indian state of ].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The People Of Bombay 1850-1914 (An approach paper) |first=Cynthia |last1=Deshmukh |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=40 |year=1979 |pages=836–840 |jstor=44142034}}</ref> This includes the administrative districts of ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. | ||
| There is a diaspora Konkani Muslim community based in ] states,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kokancouncil.org/category/kokani-oraganizations/ |title=Kokani Organisations |access-date=16 July 2017 |archive-date=11 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311021341/http://kokancouncil.org/category/kokani-oraganizations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Impact of migration to the middle east on Ratnagiri |first1=Sudha |last1=Gogate |editor1-first=M. S. A. |editor1-last=Rao |editor2-first=Chandrashekar |editor2-last=Bhat |editor3-first=Laxmi Narayan |editor3-last=Kadekar | |
There is a diaspora Konkani Muslim community based in ] states,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kokancouncil.org/category/kokani-oraganizations/ |title=Kokani Organisations |access-date=16 July 2017 |archive-date=11 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311021341/http://kokancouncil.org/category/kokani-oraganizations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Impact of migration to the middle east on Ratnagiri |first1=Sudha |last1=Gogate |editor1-first=M. S. A. |editor1-last=Rao |editor2-first=Chandrashekar |editor2-last=Bhat |editor3-first=Laxmi Narayan |editor3-last=Kadekar |encyclopedia=A Reader in Urban Sociology |publisher=Orient Longman |location=New Delhi |year=1991 |pages=371–388 |isbn=978-0-8631-1151-8}}</ref> the ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kokniluton.co.uk/history.htm |title=Kokni Community Luton |access-date=16 July 2017 |archive-date=6 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006154604/http://www.kokniluton.co.uk/history.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kmab.org.uk/About.php |title=Kokni Muslim Association Birmingham |access-date=16 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703105629/http://kmab.org.uk/About.php |archive-date=3 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kokannews.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/2011-Vol-3-No-1-Kokan-News.pdf#page=22 |title=Kokanis in Cape Town, South Africa |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=22–24 |first=Nujmoonnisa |last=Parker |work=Kokan News |access-date=16 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504174250/http://www.kokannews.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/2011-Vol-3-No-1-Kokan-News.pdf#page=22 |archive-date=4 May 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Islam for the Indentured Indian: A Muslim Missionary in Colonial South Africa |first=Nile |last=Green |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume=71 |issue=3 |year=2008 |pages=529–553 |jstor=40378804 |doi=10.1017/s0041977x08000876|doi-access=free}}</ref> Some Konkani Muslims migrated to ] during the ] in 1947, and are presently settled in ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tungekar.com/karachikokaniz.html |title=Kokani Muslim Jamat Societies, Karachi |access-date=16 July 2017 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710185235/http://www.tungekar.com/karachikokaniz.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> as part of the larger ] community. | ||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| Since antiquity, the Konkan coast has had mercantile relations with major ports on the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Konkani Muslims can trace their ancestry to traders from ] (in ] or ]),<ref name="Khalidi1996">{{cite book |last=Khalidi |first=Omar |author-link=Omar Khalidi |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_WNqSH4ByQC&pg=PA52 |chapter=The Arabs of Hadramawt in Hyderabad |title=Mediaeval Deccan History |editor1=Kulkarni |editor2=Naeem |editor3=De Souza |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=] |year=1996 |isbn=978-8-1715-4579-7}}</ref> the North of Indian (Haryana/Punjab) and other parts of ] and the ],<ref name="Manger2007">{{citation |last=Manger |first=Leif |title=Hadramis in Hyderabad: From Winners to Losers |publisher=] |volume=35 |number=4–5 |pages=405–433 (29) |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/saj/2007/00000035/F0020004/art00003 |year=2007}}</ref> who visited the Konkan coast between the seventh and eighth centuries AD and fled persecution in North India, during the rule of the ] and ] dynasties. |
Since antiquity, the Konkan coast has had mercantile relations with major ports on the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Konkani Muslims can trace their ancestry to traders from ] (in ] or ]),<ref name="Khalidi1996">{{cite book |last=Khalidi |first=Omar |author-link=Omar Khalidi |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_WNqSH4ByQC&pg=PA52 |chapter=The Arabs of Hadramawt in Hyderabad |title=Mediaeval Deccan History |editor1=Kulkarni |editor2=Naeem |editor3=De Souza |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=] |year=1996 |isbn=978-8-1715-4579-7}}</ref> the North of Indian (Haryana/Punjab) and other parts of ] and the ],<ref name="Manger2007">{{citation |last=Manger |first=Leif |title=Hadramis in Hyderabad: From Winners to Losers |publisher=] |volume=35 |number=4–5 |pages=405–433 (29) |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/saj/2007/00000035/F0020004/art00003 |year=2007}}</ref> who visited the Konkan coast between the seventh and eighth centuries AD and fled persecution in North India, during the rule of the ] and ] dynasties.{{cn|date=October 2023}} In the later eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Konkani Muslims became influential sailors, merchants, and government employees as the port city of Bombay (present ]) began developing.<ref>{{cite book | title = Urban leadership in Western India: politics and communities in Bombay city, 1840-1885 | page=7 | year=1972 | first=Christine E. | last=Dobbin | isbn=978-0-19-821841-8 | url=https://archive.org/details/urbanleadershipi0000dobb_6 | access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
| ] | |||
| ], a Konkani Muslim born into a family of ], was the ] under the ].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SPUHAQAAIAAJ&q=Saadatullah+khan+konkan |page=12 |author= Muhammad Yusuf Kukan |title=Arabic and Persian in Carnatic, 1710-1960 |year=1974 |quote=Nawab Saadatullah Khan, son of Muhammad Ali, son of Ahmad, was born in Bijapur on Wednesday the 17th Jamadi I in the year 1061 A.H. = 1651 A.D. in a respectable family of Nawayits }}</ref> | |||
| == Demography == | == Demography == | ||
| Ancestry formed the basis for social stratification: Konkani people are direct descendants of Arab traders formed an elite class over those who had indirect descent through intermarriages with local women converts to Islam. The Konkani people have a varied ethnic |
Ancestry formed the basis for social stratification: Konkani people are direct descendants of Arab traders formed an elite class over those who had indirect descent through intermarriages with local women converts to Islam. The Konkani people have a varied ethnic background as most Muslims within the region<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Thane/Religion.html |title=Thane District Gazetteer, Government of Maharashtra |access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://raigad.gov.in/DG/1964/people_muslims.html |title=Colaba District Gazetteer, Government of Maharashtra |access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ratnagiri.nic.in/gazetter/gom/people_muslims.html |title=Ratnagiri District Gazetteer, Government of Maharashtra |access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> are descendants of people who migrated from the Delhi region, ] (in ] or ]),<ref name="Khalidi1996"/> Iran and other parts of ] and the ].<ref name="Wink1991">{{Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCVyhH5VDjAC |title=Al-hind: The Making of the Indo-islamic World |year=1991 |publisher=] |isbn=978-9-0040-9249-5 |page=68 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| == Religion == | == Religion == | ||
| Konkani Muslims follow the ] school of ] Islamic ] |
Konkani Muslims follow the ] Islamic ] This is in contrast to the Deccan regions, where Muslims adhere to the ] school.<ref name="jnu_phd">{{cite thesis |type=Ph.D. |first=Md. Jalis Akhtar |last=Nasiri |year=2010 |title=Indian Muslims: Their Customs and Traditions during Last Fifty Years |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru University |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter=Margins or Center? Konkani Sufis, India and "Arabastan" |first=Deepra |last=Dandekar |pages=141–156 |title=Area Studies at the Crossroads: Knowledge Production after the Mobility Turn |editor1-first=Katja |editor1-last=Mielke |editor2-first=Anna-Katharina |editor2-last=Hornidge |year=2017 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan}}</ref> | ||
| == Language == | == Language == | ||
| Konkanis speak a variety of dialects of ] collectively called ].<ref name="jnu_phd"/> |
Konkanis speak a variety of dialects of ] collectively called ].<ref name="jnu_phd"/> | ||
| Almost all Muslim Konkanis speak Urdu with some who migrated to Pakistan speaking various dialets of Punjabi. In addition, the Muslims from ], near ], and the former princely state of ] speak the ] dialect of the Konkani language, but most Muslim Konkanis opt to speak Urdu. | |||
| ==Cuisine == | ==Cuisine == | ||
| The cuisine of Konkani Muslims is meat |
The cuisine of Konkani Muslims is meat and seafood. Its staple food is rice and bread made of rice (preferred at dinners) with meat/fish and lentils or vegetables. It is mainly influenced by Kashmiri people who settled in the late 1800s fleeing tensions in the North of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-food-konkani-muslim-pop-up-seafood-coconut-weekend/17983168 |title=Mumbai Food: Konkani-Muslim pop-up celebrates all things seafood and coconut |website=www.mid-day.com |publisher=] |date=2017-02-10 |access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> | ||
| == Notable Konkani Muslims == | == Notable Konkani Muslims == | ||
| ] | |||
| <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> | ||
| *] - Indian politician, ex-Chief Minister of Maharashtra<ref name=Sketch>. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005012429/http://164.100.24.209/newls/Biography.aspx?mpsno=3236 |date=5 October 2008 }}</ref> | * ] - Indian politician, ex-Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha & Cabinet Minister in Maharashtra State | ||
| * ] - Indian politician, ex-Chief Minister of Maharashtra<ref name=Sketch>. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005012429/http://164.100.24.209/newls/Biography.aspx?mpsno=3236 |date=5 October 2008 }}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | * ] - writer and social reformer<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/1957/ |title=Remembering Hamid Dalwai, and an age of questioning |first=Dilip |last=Chitre |author-link=Dilip Chitre |date=2002-05-03 |work=Indian Express |access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> | ||
| *] - Pakistani Urdu language poet | |||
| * ], Indian crime boss and terrorist | |||
| ⚫ | *] - |
||
| *] - |
* ] - Islamic comparative theologian | ||
| *] - |
* ] - journalist | ||
| *] - Hindi film actor<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0408371/ |title= Shafi Inamdar (1945–1996) |website=] - Internet Movie Database |access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> | |||
| *] - Former Indian Naval Captain | |||
| *] - Terrorist and crime lord; wanted by Interpol, FBI, and Indian authorities<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/10-things-to-know-about-dawood-ibrahim/article1-1344167.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506125904/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/10-things-to-know-about-dawood-ibrahim/article1-1344167.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 May 2015 |title=10 things to know about Dawood Ibrahim |date=2015-05-05 |website=Hindustan Times |access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> | |||
| *] - Hindi film actor<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0611617/ |title= Mukri (1922–2000) |website=] - Internet Movie Database |access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> | |||
| *] - Islamic Preacher | |||
| *]- Former Indian Cricketer | |||
| *] - Comedian | |||
| *] - Actor, nephew of Rafiq Zakaria | |||
| *] - CNN anchor and political commentator, son of Rafiq Zakaria | |||
| *] - Politician and religious scholar | |||
| *] - Ex-Chairman ABAD Pakistan (Association of Builders and Developers) | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{ |
{{reflist}} | ||
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| * | |||
| * | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| *{{Commonscatinline}} | * {{Commonscatinline}} | ||
| ⚫ | * | ||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| ⚫ | * | ||
| {{Ethnic and social groups of Goa and the Konkan}} | {{Ethnic and social groups of Goa and the Konkan}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 06:19, 10 January 2025
Muslims of Konkan regionFor Konkani Muslims who settled in Pakistan, see Muhajir.
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Konkani Muslims (or Kokani Muslims) are an ethnoreligious subgroup of the Konkani people of the Konkani region along the west coast of India, who practice Islam. Nawayath and "Nakhuda" Muslims from the North Canara district of Karnataka have similar origin as Konkani Muslims, but show a distinct ethnolinguistic identity due to geographical isolation of the Canara coast from the Konkan coast.
Geography
The Konkani Muslim community forms a part of the larger Konkani-speaking demographic and are predominantly located in the Konkan division of the Indian state of Maharashtra. This includes the administrative districts of Mumbai, Mumbai Suburban, Palghar, Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri, and Sindhudurg.
There is a diaspora Konkani Muslim community based in Persian Gulf states, the United Kingdom, and South Africa. Some Konkani Muslims migrated to Pakistan during the Partition of India in 1947, and are presently settled in Karachi, as part of the larger Muhajir community.
History
Since antiquity, the Konkan coast has had mercantile relations with major ports on the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Konkani Muslims can trace their ancestry to traders from Hadhramaut (in Yemen or South Arabia), the North of Indian (Haryana/Punjab) and other parts of Arabia and the Middle East, who visited the Konkan coast between the seventh and eighth centuries AD and fled persecution in North India, during the rule of the Chalukya and Rashtrakuta dynasties. In the later eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Konkani Muslims became influential sailors, merchants, and government employees as the port city of Bombay (present Mumbai) began developing.
Demography
Ancestry formed the basis for social stratification: Konkani people are direct descendants of Arab traders formed an elite class over those who had indirect descent through intermarriages with local women converts to Islam. The Konkani people have a varied ethnic background as most Muslims within the region are descendants of people who migrated from the Delhi region, Hadhramaut (in Yemen or South Arabia), Iran and other parts of Arabia and the Middle East.
Religion
Konkani Muslims follow the Shafi’i Islamic jurisprudence This is in contrast to the Deccan regions, where Muslims adhere to the Hanafi school.
Language
Konkanis speak a variety of dialects of Konkani collectively called Maharashtrian Konkani.
Cuisine
The cuisine of Konkani Muslims is meat and seafood. Its staple food is rice and bread made of rice (preferred at dinners) with meat/fish and lentils or vegetables. It is mainly influenced by Kashmiri people who settled in the late 1800s fleeing tensions in the North of India.
Notable Konkani Muslims
- Rafiq Zakaria - Indian politician, ex-Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha & Cabinet Minister in Maharashtra State
- Abdul Rehman Antulay - Indian politician, ex-Chief Minister of Maharashtra
- Hamid Dalwai - writer and social reformer
- Dawood Ibrahim Kaskar, Indian crime boss and terrorist
- Zakir Naik - Islamic comparative theologian
- Fareed Zakaria - journalist
References
- Green, Nile (2011). Bombay Islam: the religious economy of the West Indian Ocean, 1840–1915. Cambridge University Press.
- "Connecting Konkan with Arabia via Iran: The history of Nawayathi, the language of Bhatkali Muslims". 24 June 2017.
- Deshmukh, Cynthia (1979). "The People Of Bombay 1850-1914 (An approach paper)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 40: 836–840. JSTOR 44142034.
- "Kokani Organisations". Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
- Gogate, Sudha (1991). "Impact of migration to the middle east on Ratnagiri". In Rao, M. S. A.; Bhat, Chandrashekar; Kadekar, Laxmi Narayan (eds.). A Reader in Urban Sociology. New Delhi: Orient Longman. pp. 371–388. ISBN 978-0-8631-1151-8.
- "Kokni Community Luton". Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
- "Kokni Muslim Association Birmingham". Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
- Parker, Nujmoonnisa. "Kokanis in Cape Town, South Africa" (PDF). Kokan News. Vol. 3, no. 1. pp. 22–24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
- Green, Nile (2008). "Islam for the Indentured Indian: A Muslim Missionary in Colonial South Africa". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 71 (3): 529–553. doi:10.1017/s0041977x08000876. JSTOR 40378804.
- "Kokani Muslim Jamat Societies, Karachi". Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
- ^ Khalidi, Omar (1996). "The Arabs of Hadramawt in Hyderabad". In Kulkarni; Naeem; De Souza (eds.). Mediaeval Deccan History. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-8-1715-4579-7.
- Manger, Leif (2007), Hadramis in Hyderabad: From Winners to Losers, vol. 35, Asian Journal of Social Science, pp. 405–433 (29)
- Dobbin, Christine E. (1972). Urban leadership in Western India: politics and communities in Bombay city, 1840-1885. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-19-821841-8. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- "Thane District Gazetteer, Government of Maharashtra". Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- "Colaba District Gazetteer, Government of Maharashtra". Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- "Ratnagiri District Gazetteer, Government of Maharashtra". Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- Wink, André (1991). Al-hind: The Making of the Indo-islamic World. Brill. p. 68. ISBN 978-9-0040-9249-5.
- ^ Nasiri, Md. Jalis Akhtar (2010). Indian Muslims: Their Customs and Traditions during Last Fifty Years (Ph.D.). New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University.
- Dandekar, Deepra (2017). "Margins or Center? Konkani Sufis, India and "Arabastan"". In Mielke, Katja; Hornidge, Anna-Katharina (eds.). Area Studies at the Crossroads: Knowledge Production after the Mobility Turn. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 141–156.
- "Mumbai Food: Konkani-Muslim pop-up celebrates all things seafood and coconut". www.mid-day.com. Mid-Day. 10 February 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- A. R. Antulay - Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website. Archived 5 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- Chitre, Dilip (3 May 2002). "Remembering Hamid Dalwai, and an age of questioning". Indian Express. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
External links
Media related to Konkani Muslims at Wikimedia Commons- Melting pot: Konkani Muslims in Kalyan hold on to their legacy amid urbanisation
| Ethnic groups, social groups and tribes of Goa and the Konkan region | |
|---|---|
| Maratha and associated groups | |
| Saraswats | |
| Karhades | |
| Konkanasthas | |
| Daivadnya | |
| Vaishya | |
| Prabhus | |
| Others | |
| Roman Catholics | |
| Islam | |
| Related articles | |
- Konkani Muslims
- Konkan
- Konkani
- Muslim communities of India
- Social groups of Maharashtra
- Muslim communities of Maharashtra
- Social groups of Karnataka
- Muslim communities of Karnataka
- Muslim communities of Pakistan
- Indian diaspora in South Africa
- Sub-ethnic groups
- Muslim ethnoreligious groups
- Ethnoreligious groups in India