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| {{Short description|English animators}} | {{Short description|English animators}} | ||
| ⚫ | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} | ||
| {{AfC topic|other}} | |||
| {{Use British English|date=December 2024}} | |||
| {{AfC submission|||ts=20241221185649|u=Flower Pot Zip|ns=118}} | |||
| {{AfC submission|t||ts=20241221184726|u=Flower Pot Zip|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. --> | |||
| {{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| | name = Bura and Hardwick | | name = Bura and Hardwick | ||
| | image = Flickr - Duncan~ - Church Studios.jpg | | image = Flickr - Duncan~ - Church Studios.jpg | ||
| | caption = The ] at ], which Bura and Hardwick used as a studio in the 1980s before ] and ] of ] purchased it. | | caption = The ] at ], which Bura and Hardwick used as a studio in the 1980s before ] and ] of ] purchased it. | ||
| | birth_name = Barnett “Bob” Bura | | birth_name = Barnett “Bob” Bura | ||
| | birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|9|25| |
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|9|25|df=y}} | ||
| |birth_place = ], ], England<hr/> John Hardwick<br>{{Birth date|1937|5|1| |
|birth_place = ], ], England<hr/> John Hardwick<br>{{Birth date|1937|5|1|df=y}}<br>], ], England | ||
| |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2018|4|7|1924|9|25}} | |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2018|4|7|1924|9|25}} | ||
| |death_place = ], England<hr/> {{Death date and age|2004|9|24|1937|5|1}}<br>Somerset, England | |death_place = ], England<hr/> {{Death date and age|2004|9|24|1937|5|1|df=y}}<br>Somerset, England | ||
| | occupation = {{flatlist| | | occupation = {{flatlist| | ||
| * Animators | * Animators | ||
| * Puppeteers | * Puppeteers | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| | years_active = 1955–1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/890217c064434dfaa77af94e40f93181|title=''Music Time - 19th March 1990'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=8 December 2024}} Final ] listing for Bura and Hardwick.</ref> | | years_active = 1955–1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/890217c064434dfaa77af94e40f93181|title=''Music Time - 19th March 1990'' - BBC Programme Index|date=19 March 1990 |access-date=8 December 2024}} Final ] listing for Bura and Hardwick.</ref> | ||
| | known_for = {{plainlist| | | known_for = {{plainlist| | ||
| * '']'' | * '']'' | ||
| Line 24: | Line 22: | ||
| * '']'' | * '']'' | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| }} | |||
| {{Infobox company | |||
| | name = Stop Motion Limited | | name = Stop Motion Limited | ||
| | type = ]<ref name="stopmo">{{cite web | | type = ]<ref name="stopmo">{{cite web | ||
| Line 31: | Line 30: | ||
| |date=5 April 2022 | |date=5 April 2022 | ||
| |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> | |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| | foundation = {{Start date|1971|7|21}}<ref name="stopmo" /> | | foundation = {{Start date|1971|7|21|df=y}}<ref name="stopmo" /> | ||
| | founders = {{Ubl | | founders = {{Ubl | ||
| | Bob Bura | | Bob Bura | ||
| | John Hardwick | | John Hardwick | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| | defunct = {{End date|2023|12|5}}<ref name="stopmo" /> | | defunct = {{End date|2023|12|5|df=y}}<ref name="stopmo" /> | ||
| | location = Purley Way | | location = Purley Way | ||
| | location_city = ] | | location_city = ] | ||
| | location_country = England | | location_country = England | ||
| | industry = ] | | industry = ] | ||
| }} | |||
| '''Bura and Hardwick''' was the name credited to represent the duo of '''Bob Bura''' and '''John Hardwick''', who worked variably as ] and ] in the ]. From the mid-1950s to the 1980s they contributed to a number of ].<ref name="dragon">{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e5af6d30fb9344afb170423108833f80|title=''The |
'''Bura and Hardwick''' was the name credited to represent the duo of '''Bob Bura''' and '''John Hardwick''', who worked variably as ] and ] in the ]. From the mid-1950s to the 1980s they contributed to a number of ].<ref name="dragon">{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e5af6d30fb9344afb170423108833f80|title=''The Queen's Dragon - 15th December 1955'' - BBC Programme Index|date=15 December 1955 |access-date=8 December 2024}}First Radio Times listing for the combined work of Bura and Hardwick.</ref> | ||
| They are best remembered for their ] animations, most notably the ]: '']'', '']'', and '']''.<ref name="scotsman">{{cite web | They are best remembered for their ] animations, most notably the ]: '']'', '']'', and '']''.<ref name="scotsman">{{cite web | ||
| |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituary-bob-bura-animator-and-puppeteer-behind-camberwick-green-trumpton-and-chigley-1428841 | |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituary-bob-bura-animator-and-puppeteer-behind-camberwick-green-trumpton-and-chigley-1428841 | ||
| |title=Obituary: Bob Bura, animator and puppeteer behind Camberwick Green, Trumpton and Chigley - The Scotsman | |title=Obituary: Bob Bura, animator and puppeteer behind Camberwick Green, Trumpton and Chigley - The Scotsman | ||
| Line 51: | Line 50: | ||
| |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> The term “stop motion” was in fact the registered trademark of their company.<ref name="tweb">{{cite web | |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> The term “stop motion” was in fact the registered trademark of their company.<ref name="tweb">{{cite web | ||
| |url=http://www.t-web.co.uk/trump_bh.htm | |url=http://www.t-web.co.uk/trump_bh.htm | ||
| |title=The Animators: Bura and Hardwick - Trumptonshire Web | |title=The Animators: Bura and Hardwick - Trumptonshire Web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223062340/http://www.t-web.co.uk/trump_bh.htm|archive-date=23 December 2024|access-date=11 January 2025}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | | |
||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| Barnett “Bob” Bura and John Hardwick first met in 1955. While the former and the |
Barnett “Bob” Bura and John Hardwick first met in 1955. While the former and the latter's sister were touring seasides with ] shows, she became unavailable due to getting married, and recommended her younger brother to take over.<ref>{{cite web | ||
| |url=http://www.roxburgh.org/rubovia/Bios/Bio_BB&JH.htm | |url=http://www.roxburgh.org/rubovia/Bios/Bio_BB&JH.htm | ||
| |title=Bob Bura and John Hardwick Biography - Realm of Rubovia | |title=Bob Bura and John Hardwick Biography - Realm of Rubovia | ||
| Line 62: | Line 60: | ||
| |website=] | |website=] | ||
| |date=7 April 2020 | |date=7 April 2020 | ||
| |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="scotsman" /> The two created ] for the ], that performed at the ] Fair. It was here where they viewed the original 1933 '']'', inspiring them to want to create stop motion films. Their initial experiments took the form of animating ].<ref name="interview3" /> | |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="scotsman" /> The two created ] for the ], that performed at the ] Fair. It was here where they viewed the original 1933 '']'', inspiring them to want to create stop motion films. Their initial experiments took the form of animating ].<ref name="interview3" /> | ||
| Later that year, they were asked to work at ],<ref name="JHobit">{{cite web|url=https://amp.theguardian.com/media/2004/nov/26/broadcasting.guardianobituaries|title=John Hardwick obituary|website=]|date=26 November 2004|access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="BBguardobit">{{cite web|url=https://amp.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/may/08/bob-bura-obituary|title=Bob Bura obituary|website=]|date=8 May 2018|access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="interview3" /> and began working for the Television Puppet Theatre under producer ].<ref name="interview3" /><ref name="dragon" /> Usually working with marionettes, the two also operated ] for eighteen adaptations of the '']'' stories by ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roxburgh.org/rubovia/printed_media.htm|title=Printed Media - Realm of Rubovia|access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/725153bc185140aa991cc9c8695f2ed7|title=''Toytown - The Tale of the Magician'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> In 1962<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/fa0341e9114849f3908a92a03602fd38|title=''Air, Land, and Water: Climate- What is It?'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=11 December 2024}} First Radio Times listing for Bura and |
Later that year, they were asked to work at ],<ref name="JHobit">{{cite web|url=https://amp.theguardian.com/media/2004/nov/26/broadcasting.guardianobituaries|title=John Hardwick obituary|website=]|date=26 November 2004|access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="BBguardobit">{{cite web|url=https://amp.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/may/08/bob-bura-obituary|title=Bob Bura obituary|website=]|date=8 May 2018|access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="interview3" /> and began working for the Television Puppet Theatre under producer ].<ref name="interview3" /><ref name="dragon" /> Usually working with marionettes, the two also operated ] for eighteen adaptations of the '']'' stories by ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roxburgh.org/rubovia/printed_media.htm|title=Printed Media - Realm of Rubovia|access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/725153bc185140aa991cc9c8695f2ed7|title=''Toytown - The Tale of the Magician'' - BBC Programme Index|date=17 January 1956 |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> In 1962<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/fa0341e9114849f3908a92a03602fd38|title=''Air, Land, and Water: Climate- What is It?'' - BBC Programme Index|date=30 April 1962 |access-date=11 December 2024}} First Radio Times listing for Bura and Hardwick's work on a ] project.</ref> Bura and Hardwick began their long association with ],<ref name="BBguardobit" /> providing animations for them as well as for other ] productions.<ref name="JHobit" /><ref name="interview3" /> The Puppet Theatre was closed in 1963 alongside the Children's Department<ref>{{cite journal|last=McGown|first=Alistair|title=Voice of the Daleks - Roy Skelton obituary|journal=]|issue=437|pages=34|publisher=Panini Comics|date=August 2011}}</ref> by ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://doctorwho.org.nz/archive/tsv53/sydneynewman.html|title=A Minute in a Life of Years - A Tribute to Sydney Newman|website=The New Zealand Doctor Who Fan Club|access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> who used the Theatre's former studio space to film special effects for his creation '']''.<ref name="interview4">{{cite web|url= https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xUrq81InOiU&pp=ygUIYm9iIGJ1cmE%3D|title=Bob Bura pt4 of 4 | ||
| |website=] | |website=] | ||
| |date=7 April 2020 | |date=7 April 2020 | ||
| |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Complete Second Doctor|magazine=] (Special Edition)|publisher=Panini Comics|date=4 June 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Complete Third Doctor|magazine=] (Special Edition)|publisher=Panini Comics|date=5 September 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Complete Fourth Doctor: Volume One|magazine=] (Special Edition)|publisher=Panini Comics|date=1 September 2004}}</ref> However, the two soon found themselves once again working under Murray, creating the animation for '']'', the inaugural instalment of the ].<ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref name="scotsman" /> The trilogy was all animated in their recently acquired homemade studio in Womersley Road, ].<ref name="londonist">{{cite web|url=https://londonist.com/london/film/womersley-road-crouch-end-studios-captain-pugwash-trumpton-camberwick-green|title=The Crouch End Studios That Gave Us Captain Pugwash and Trumpton|website=Londonist|date=15 March 2022|access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref> | |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Complete Second Doctor|magazine=] (Special Edition)|publisher=Panini Comics|date=4 June 2003}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Complete Third Doctor|magazine=] (Special Edition)|publisher=Panini Comics|date=5 September 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Complete Fourth Doctor: Volume One|magazine=] (Special Edition)|publisher=Panini Comics|date=1 September 2004}}</ref> However, the two soon found themselves once again working under Murray, creating the animation for '']'', the inaugural instalment of the ].<ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref name="scotsman" /> The trilogy was all animated in their recently acquired homemade studio in Womersley Road, ].<ref name="londonist">{{cite web|url=https://londonist.com/london/film/womersley-road-crouch-end-studios-captain-pugwash-trumpton-camberwick-green|title=The Crouch End Studios That Gave Us Captain Pugwash and Trumpton|website=Londonist|date=15 March 2022|access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| During the 1970s and 1980s, the |
During the 1970s and 1980s, the studio's work was said to have been credited frequently within a single week's edition of the ].<ref name="londonist" /> According to Bob Bura, the BBC ensured that they would remain in work;<ref name="interview4" /> most of their filmography was produced for the corporation.<ref>{{cite web | ||
| |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&filt=is_tv&q=Bura+and+Hardwick&after=1962-01-01T00%3A00%3A00.000Z&before=1990-12-31T23%3A59%3A59.999Z | |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&filt=is_tv&q=Bura+and+Hardwick&after=1962-01-01T00%3A00%3A00.000Z&before=1990-12-31T23%3A59%3A59.999Z | ||
| |title= Search results for |
|title= Search results for "Bura and Hardwick" at the BBC Programme Index|access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="BBguardobit" /> In the early 1980s, Bura and Hardwick moved from Womersley Road to what would become the ],<ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref name="church">{{cite web | ||
| |url=https://thechurchstudios.com/history/ | |url=https://thechurchstudios.com/history/ | ||
| |title=History - The Church Studios|access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="interview4" /> but due to pressure from the local council (owing to the way it was then operated),<ref name="interview4" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hornseyhistorical.org.uk/hymns-and-rock-music-park-chapel-crouch-end/|title=Hymns and Rock Music: Park Chapel, Crouch End|website=Hornsey Historical Society|access-date=15 December 2024}}</ref> they had to sell part of it, which ended up going to ] and ] of ] group ].<ref name="interview4" /><ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref name="sound">{{cite magazine |last=Doyle |first=Tom |title=Classic Tracks: Eurythmics' 'Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)' |magazine=Sound On Sound |date=July 2018 |url=https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/classic-tracks-eurythmics-sweet-dreams}}</ref> Here they were able to complete their album '']'',<ref name="scotsman" /> which propelled them to international success.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Eurythmics Perform 'Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)' in 1983 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/eurythmics-sweet-dreams-are-made-of-this-live-1983-924796/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | |title=History - The Church Studios|access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="interview4" /> but due to pressure from the local council (owing to the way it was then operated),<ref name="interview4" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hornseyhistorical.org.uk/hymns-and-rock-music-park-chapel-crouch-end/|title=Hymns and Rock Music: Park Chapel, Crouch End|website=Hornsey Historical Society|date=2 May 2022 |access-date=15 December 2024}}</ref> they had to sell part of it, which ended up going to ] and ] of ] group ].<ref name="interview4" /><ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref name="sound">{{cite magazine |last=Doyle |first=Tom |title=Classic Tracks: Eurythmics' 'Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)' |magazine=Sound On Sound |date=July 2018 |url=https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/classic-tracks-eurythmics-sweet-dreams}}</ref> Here they were able to complete their album '']'',<ref name="scotsman" /> which propelled them to international success.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Eurythmics Perform 'Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)' in 1983 |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/eurythmics-sweet-dreams-are-made-of-this-live-1983-924796/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | ||
| |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/27723/Eurythmics/ | |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/27723/Eurythmics/ | ||
| |title=Eurythmics - Official Chart History|access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=35 Years Ago: Eurythmics' 'Sweet Dreams' Become Reality |date=12 January 2018 |url=https://diffuser.fm/eurythmics-sweet-dreams-album/ |access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref> In 1984 they purchased the studio from the animators.<ref name="sound" /><ref name="church" /> | |title=Eurythmics - Official Chart History|website=] |access-date=13 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=35 Years Ago: Eurythmics' 'Sweet Dreams' Become Reality |date=12 January 2018 |url=https://diffuser.fm/eurythmics-sweet-dreams-album/ |access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref> In 1984 they purchased the studio from the animators.<ref name="sound" /><ref name="church" /> | ||
| A while later, the BBC decided to cut their ties with Bura and Hardwick, owing to the desire for a substantial increase in outsourced productions.<ref name="interview4" /> This was done as a result of the ] requirements for at least 25% of its output to be sourced from independent companies,<ref>, BBC Trust, 2012</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2023 |title=Broadcasting Act 1990 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/42/contents |access-date=31 May 2023 |website=Legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> which would have doomed Bura and |
A while later, the BBC decided to cut their ties with Bura and Hardwick, owing to the desire for a substantial increase in outsourced productions.<ref name="interview4" /> This was done as a result of the ] requirements for at least 25% of its output to be sourced from independent companies,<ref>, BBC Trust, 2012</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2023 |title=Broadcasting Act 1990 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/42/contents |access-date=31 May 2023 |website=Legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> which would have doomed Bura and Hardwick's future careers; nonetheless they were hopeful that they would find a good sponsor to continue.<ref name="interview4" /> Hardwick died in 2004,<ref name="JHobit" /> Bura in 2018.<ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref name="scotsman" /> | ||
| ==Techniques== | ==Techniques== | ||
| Line 92: | Line 90: | ||
| |access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=PC McGarry|series=]|network=]|date=28 February 1966}}</ref> This technique was further used in the first thirteen episodes of the 1972 stop motion version of the '']'' series.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Arkville Dragon|series=]|network=]|date=18 September 1972}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=The Tale of the Magician|series=]|network=]|date=2 October 1972}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=Mr Growser Moves|series=]|network=]|date=9 October 1972}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=The Showing Up of Larry the Lamb|series=]|network=]|date=16 October 1972}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=The Great Toytown War|series=]|network=]|date=13 November 1972}}</ref> | |access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=PC McGarry|series=]|network=]|date=28 February 1966}}</ref> This technique was further used in the first thirteen episodes of the 1972 stop motion version of the '']'' series.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Arkville Dragon|series=]|network=]|date=18 September 1972}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=The Tale of the Magician|series=]|network=]|date=2 October 1972}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=Mr Growser Moves|series=]|network=]|date=9 October 1972}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=The Showing Up of Larry the Lamb|series=]|network=]|date=16 October 1972}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode|title=The Great Toytown War|series=]|network=]|date=13 November 1972}}</ref> | ||
| Beginning in the mid-1970s, the studio devised a new technique: animating the background. A film would be reflected behind the puppets by a transit screen at a narrow angle, which necessitated another modification to the front camera.<ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref name="londonist" /> This was seen in various ] projects, including Bura and |
Beginning in the mid-1970s, the studio devised a new technique: animating the background. A film would be reflected behind the puppets by a transit screen at a narrow angle, which necessitated another modification to the front camera.<ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref name="londonist" /> This was seen in various ] projects, including Bura and Hardwick's work for '']''.<ref name="BBguardobit" /> The term “stop motion” was originally the trademark of their company,<ref name="tweb" /> Stop Motion Limited,<ref name="stopmo" /><ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref name="londonist" /><ref name="scotsman" /><ref name="JHobit" /> referring to their productions.<ref name="tweb" /> However, it became used to refer to all animation made using puppets moved by small increments, becoming perhaps better well known than the animators who coined it;<ref name="tweb" /> a ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=genericide |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/genericide |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Harvard Law School|title=Overview of Trademark Law | first = William | last = Fisher | date = n.d. |url=http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/metaschool/fisher/domain/tm.htm}} "Under some circumstances, terms that are not originally generic can become generic over time (a process called "genericity"), and thus become unprotected."</ref> | ||
| At the request of Hardwick, ''Camberwick'' and the rest of the ] was filmed in colour as opposed to black-and-white, requiring the first episode (''Peter the Postman'') to be reshot.<ref name="t3" /> This ensured a long period of repeats for the trilogy,<ref name="tweb" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/445994/index.html|title=Watch with Mother|website=BFI Screenonline|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref>T.J. Worthington {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130421083741/http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/?page_id=767 |date=21 April 2013 }}, Off the Telly, February 2006</ref><ref>{{cite web | At the request of Hardwick, ''Camberwick'' and the rest of the ] was filmed in colour as opposed to black-and-white, requiring the first episode (''Peter the Postman'') to be reshot.<ref name="t3" /> This ensured a long period of repeats for the trilogy,<ref name="tweb" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/445994/index.html|title=Watch with Mother|website=BFI Screenonline|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref>T.J. Worthington {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130421083741/http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/?page_id=767 |date=21 April 2013 }}, Off the Telly, February 2006</ref><ref>{{cite web | ||
| |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&q=%40title+Camberwick+Green | |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&q=%40title+Camberwick+Green | ||
| |title= Search results for Camberwick Green at the BBC Programme Index|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | |title= Search results for Camberwick Green at the BBC Programme Index|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | ||
| Line 100: | Line 98: | ||
| |title= Search results for Trumpton at the BBC Programme Index|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | |title= Search results for Trumpton at the BBC Programme Index|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | ||
| |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&filt=is_tv&q=%40title+Chigley | |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&filt=is_tv&q=%40title+Chigley | ||
| |title= Search results for Chigley at the BBC Programme Index|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="scotsman" /> in keeping with |
|title= Search results for Chigley at the BBC Programme Index|access-date=18 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="scotsman" /> in keeping with Bura's philosophy regarding their work together: | ||
| {{poemquote|Everything we do, we do in a position that we think people will want to see it forever. That sounds terribly big-headed, but we thought that whatever it is we’re going to do is going to be seen. We knew that.<ref name="t3" />}} | {{poemquote|Everything we do, we do in a position that we think people will want to see it forever. That sounds terribly big-headed, but we thought that whatever it is we’re going to do is going to be seen. We knew that.<ref name="t3" />}} | ||
| ==Accolades and legacy== | ==Accolades and legacy== | ||
| Bura and |
Bura and Hardwick's 1968 animation of ] '']'' was well received, praised by the BBC as a highlight of that year,<ref>{{cite book|date=1969|title=BBC Handbook 1969|location=England|publisher=BBC|isbn=0563083956}}</ref> and by ] as “by far the most imaginative British use of puppets one has seen on Television”.<ref>{{cite web | ||
| |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/7b7c70527b184022b08882adb63ee5ed | |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/7b7c70527b184022b08882adb63ee5ed | ||
| |title=''Petrushka'' - 4th May 1968|access-date=19 December 2024}}</ref> Their 1978 production of '']'' won the ] for Flame of Knowledge in 1979.<ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bafta.org/awards/television/rediffusion-star-awards-flame-of-knowledge|title=Television / Rediffusion Star Awards: Flame of Knowledge|website=]|access-date=19 December 2024}}</ref> | |title=''Petrushka'' - 4th May 1968|date=4 May 1968 |access-date=19 December 2024}}</ref> Their 1978 production of '']'' won the ] for Flame of Knowledge in 1979.<ref name="BBguardobit" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bafta.org/awards/television/rediffusion-star-awards-flame-of-knowledge|title=Television / Rediffusion Star Awards: Flame of Knowledge|website=]|access-date=19 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| The animation style created by the studio for the ] has been recreated and parodied numerous times: commercials for Windmill Bakery<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trumptonalia.homestead.com/WindmillBakeryCeramics.html|title=Windmill Bakery Windy Milller ceramic condiment setpots|website=Trumptonalia.homestead.com|accessdate=8 December 2020}}</ref> and ],<ref name="quaker">{{cite web | The animation style created by the studio for the ] has been recreated and parodied numerous times: commercials for Windmill Bakery<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://trumptonalia.homestead.com/WindmillBakeryCeramics.html|title=Windmill Bakery Windy Milller ceramic condiment setpots|website=Trumptonalia.homestead.com|accessdate=8 December 2020}}</ref> and ],<ref name="quaker">{{cite web | ||
| |url=https://trumpton3.homestead.com/QuakerOats.html | |url=https://trumpton3.homestead.com/QuakerOats.html | ||
| |title=Quaker Oats ads - Camberwick Green, Trumpton and Chigley | |title=Quaker Oats ads - Camberwick Green, Trumpton and Chigley | ||
| |access-date=19 December 2024}}</ref> appearances in the |
|access-date=19 December 2024}}</ref> appearances in the BBC's '']'',<ref name="quaker" /> and pastiches in '']''<ref>''Life on Mars: The Complete Series Two'' DVD – "Behind the Scenes of Episode 5"</ref> and the music video for ] 2016 single '']''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2016/may/03/radiohead-burn-the-witch-review-the-kind-of-return-the-world-might-have-hoped-for|title=Radiohead: Burn the Witch review - a return the world might have hoped for|website=]|date=3 May 2016|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| ==Filmography== | ==Filmography== | ||
| Line 126: | Line 124: | ||
| |'']'' | |'']'' | ||
| |29 episodes | |29 episodes | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roxburgh.org/rubovia/chronology_0.htm|title=Gordon |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roxburgh.org/rubovia/chronology_0.htm|title=Gordon Murray's Puppet Plays - Realm of Rubovia|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |1956-1958 | |1956-1958 | ||
| Line 136: | Line 134: | ||
| |''The Bird of Truth'' | |''The Bird of Truth'' | ||
| |rowspan="9" |TV movie | |rowspan="9" |TV movie | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c9eac44b8daa4f6e9701fc932f6898dc|title=''The Bird of Truth'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c9eac44b8daa4f6e9701fc932f6898dc|title=''The Bird of Truth'' - BBC Programme Index|date=12 July 1956 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |''The Holy Mice'' | |''The Holy Mice'' | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c77142a7e72548028da991484befa211|title=''The Holy Mice'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c77142a7e72548028da991484befa211|title=''The Holy Mice'' - BBC Programme Index|date=16 December 1956 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |rowspan="2" |1957 | |rowspan="2" |1957 | ||
| |''The |
|''The Emperor's Nightingale'' | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2809eead29cb4d348b93d52c464ccf78|title=''The |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2809eead29cb4d348b93d52c464ccf78|title=''The Emperor's Nightingale'' - BBC Programme Index|date=16 July 1957 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |''Beauty and the Beast'' | |''Beauty and the Beast'' | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/48d73353ef884a9aa5d493e7a9abc4bb|title=''Beauty and the Beast'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/48d73353ef884a9aa5d493e7a9abc4bb|title=''Beauty and the Beast'' - BBC Programme Index|date=10 December 1957 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |1958 | |1958 | ||
| |''The |
|''The Emperor's New Clothes'' | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c8a4426d8d1a4874ae944c19d1b5a61f|title=''The |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c8a4426d8d1a4874ae944c19d1b5a61f|title=''The Emperor's New Clothes'' - BBC Programme Index|date=27 April 1958 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |rowspan="2" |1959 | |rowspan="2" |1959 | ||
| |''The Petrified Princess'' | |''The Petrified Princess'' | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c8a4426d8d1a4874ae944c19d1b5a61f|title=''The Petrified Princess'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/c8a4426d8d1a4874ae944c19d1b5a61f|title=''The Petrified Princess'' - BBC Programme Index|date=27 April 1958 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |''The King of the Golden River'' | |''The King of the Golden River'' | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/8d5433dff3ef4b5285b11f57df291403|title=''The King of the Golden River'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/8d5433dff3ef4b5285b11f57df291403|title=''The King of the Golden River'' - BBC Programme Index|date=27 October 1959 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |rowspan="3" |1960 | |rowspan="3" |1960 | ||
| |''The Crumpot Candles'' | |''The Crumpot Candles'' | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/25ac097936c24abcb69933799dbbe57f|title=''The King of the Golden River'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/25ac097936c24abcb69933799dbbe57f|title=''The King of the Golden River'' - BBC Programme Index|date=5 January 1960 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |''The Magic Tree'' | |''The Magic Tree'' | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/454fdd5443c840e2a75e0f0de1793d46|title=''The Magic Tree'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/454fdd5443c840e2a75e0f0de1793d46|title=''The Magic Tree'' - BBC Programme Index|date=6 December 1960 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |''The Balloon and the Baron'' | |''The Balloon and the Baron'' | ||
| |TV movie, special effects | |TV movie, special effects | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/8e1e60b869c34b0ea2cbdb6ebc6714f4|title=''The Balloon and the Baron'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/8e1e60b869c34b0ea2cbdb6ebc6714f4|title=''The Balloon and the Baron'' - BBC Programme Index|date=26 December 1960 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |rowspan="2" |1961 | |rowspan="2" |1961 | ||
| Line 177: | Line 175: | ||
| |''Great Captains'' | |''Great Captains'' | ||
| |2 episodes, special effects | |2 episodes, special effects | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/ade0623f196b425eafb121870e0e5caf|title=''Great Captains - Admiral Lord Nelson'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/bb55c649ccbc4812831862430ef77142|title=''Great Captains - The Duke of Wellington'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/ade0623f196b425eafb121870e0e5caf|title=''Great Captains - Admiral Lord Nelson'' - BBC Programme Index|date=28 February 1961 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/bb55c649ccbc4812831862430ef77142|title=''Great Captains - The Duke of Wellington'' - BBC Programme Index|date=18 April 1961 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |rowspan="2" |1962 | |rowspan="2" |1962 | ||
| |''They Hanged My Saintly Billy'' | |''They Hanged My Saintly Billy'' | ||
| |rowspan="2" |TV movie | |rowspan="2" |TV movie | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2a84000369de45a49205c2e0d6f2863c|title=''They Hanged My Saintly Billy'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2a84000369de45a49205c2e0d6f2863c|title=''They Hanged My Saintly Billy'' - BBC Programme Index|date=4 May 1962 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |''The Dancing Princess'' | |''The Dancing Princess'' | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/77824278bedf48c588b5297d0855de69|title=''The Dancing Princess'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/77824278bedf48c588b5297d0855de69|title=''The Dancing Princess'' - BBC Programme Index|date=22 May 1962 |access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |1962-1963 | |1962-1963 | ||
| Line 193: | Line 191: | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |1965-1966 | |1965-1966 | ||
| |'']'' | |'']'' | ||
| |9 episodes | |9 episodes | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&q=%40title+Hey+Presto%21+It’s+Rolf|title= Search results for Hey Presto! |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&q=%40title+Hey+Presto%21+It’s+Rolf|title= Search results for Hey Presto! It's Rolf at the BBC Programme Index|access-date=20 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |} | |} | ||
| Line 214: | Line 212: | ||
| |'']'' | |'']'' | ||
| |3 episodes | |3 episodes | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2e9786fd7c034ab3bc278dff953da876|title=''Blue Peter - 11th February 1963'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/b18e8ac0d01d40cdacd4b3ae4c02339a|title=''Blue Peter - 6th May 1963'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/4c9ad4c740c34968a895324f677a7f9d|title=''Blue Peter - 7th May 1963'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2e9786fd7c034ab3bc278dff953da876|title=''Blue Peter - 11th February 1963'' - BBC Programme Index|date=11 February 1963 |access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/b18e8ac0d01d40cdacd4b3ae4c02339a|title=''Blue Peter - 6th May 1963'' - BBC Programme Index|date=6 May 1963 |access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/4c9ad4c740c34968a895324f677a7f9d|title=''Blue Peter - 7th May 1963'' - BBC Programme Index|date=7 October 1963 |access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |1965-1966 | |1965-1966 | ||
| |''Merry-Go-Round'' | |''Merry-Go-Round'' | ||
| |4 episodes | |4 episodes | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/1b344d25a0724c58a5b3af15f520e406|title=''Merry-Go-Round - Making Shadow Puppets'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/72452be478274e61a9db471a996e6718|title=''Merry-Go-Round - Adventures in Printing'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/d816d5ca0c704a54b1a4c84ac87bdce0|title=''Merry-Go-Round - 24th March 1966'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2a24ebd6acfd438e9fa96ee183f213e7|title=''Merry-Go-Round - 29th March 1966'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/1b344d25a0724c58a5b3af15f520e406|title=''Merry-Go-Round - Making Shadow Puppets'' - BBC Programme Index|date=June 1965 |access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/72452be478274e61a9db471a996e6718|title=''Merry-Go-Round - Adventures in Printing'' - BBC Programme Index|date=25 November 1965 |access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/d816d5ca0c704a54b1a4c84ac87bdce0|title=''Merry-Go-Round - 24th March 1966'' - BBC Programme Index|date=24 March 1966 |access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2a24ebd6acfd438e9fa96ee183f213e7|title=''Merry-Go-Round - 29th March 1966'' - BBC Programme Index|date=29 March 1966 |access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |1966 | |1966 | ||
| Line 227: | Line 225: | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |rowspan="3" |1967 | |rowspan="3" |1967 | ||
| |'']'' | |'']'' | ||
| |Animators for first 4 episodes, puppeteers for next 9 (13 total) | |Animators for first 4 episodes, puppeteers for next 9 (13 total) | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&q=%40title+Pinky+and+Perky%E2%80%99s+Island|title= Search results for Pinky and |
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?order=first&q=%40title+Pinky+and+Perky%E2%80%99s+Island|title= Search results for Pinky and Perky's Island at the BBC Programme Index|access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |'']'' | |'']'' | ||
| Line 257: | Line 255: | ||
| |'']'' | |'']'' | ||
| |13 episodes | |13 episodes | ||
| |<ref name="JHobit" /><ref> |
|<ref name="JHobit" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0910787/|title=Stories from Toytown Featuring Larry the Lamb (TV Series 1972–1974) ⭐ 7.2 | Animation, Family|via=m.imdb.com}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |1973-1975 | |1973-1975 | ||
| Line 280: | Line 278: | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |1979 | |1979 | ||
| |'']'' | |'']'' | ||
| |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/b36b50f82f7d4341a027dbed4c800152|title=''Lieutenant Kije - 28th December 1979'' - BBC Programme Index|access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref> | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/b36b50f82f7d4341a027dbed4c800152|title=''Lieutenant Kije - 28th December 1979'' - BBC Programme Index|date=28 December 1979 |access-date=21 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| |1984 | |1984 | ||
| Line 293: | Line 291: | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| * | * | ||
| * | * | ||
| * | * | ||
| {{Draft categories| | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] |
] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:22, 11 January 2025
English animators
| Bura and Hardwick | |
|---|---|
 The Church Studios at Crouch End, which Bura and Hardwick used as a studio in the 1980s before Dave Stewart and Annie Lennox of Eurythmics purchased it. | |
| Born | Barnett “Bob” Bura (1924-09-25)25 September 1924 Fitzrovia, London, England John Hardwick (1937-05-01)1 May 1937 Edgware, Middlesex, England |
| Died | 7 April 2018(2018-04-07) (aged 93) Somerset, England 24 September 2004(2004-09-24) (aged 67) Somerset, England |
| Occupations |
|
| Years active | 1955–1990 |
| Known for | |
| Company type | Private limited company |
|---|---|
| Industry | Animation |
| Founded | 21 July 1971 (1971-07-21) |
| Founders |
|
| Defunct | 5 December 2023 (2023-12-05) |
| Headquarters | Purley Way, Croydon, England |
Bura and Hardwick was the name credited to represent the duo of Bob Bura and John Hardwick, who worked variably as puppeteers and animators in the United Kingdom. From the mid-1950s to the 1980s they contributed to a number of children's television series.
They are best remembered for their stop motion animations, most notably the Trumptonshire trilogy: Camberwick Green, Trumpton, and Chigley. The term “stop motion” was in fact the registered trademark of their company.
History
Barnett “Bob” Bura and John Hardwick first met in 1955. While the former and the latter's sister were touring seasides with Punch and Judy shows, she became unavailable due to getting married, and recommended her younger brother to take over. The two created marionettes for the theatre, that performed at the Soho Fair. It was here where they viewed the original 1933 King Kong, inspiring them to want to create stop motion films. Their initial experiments took the form of animating pop music.
Later that year, they were asked to work at Lime Grove Studios, and began working for the Television Puppet Theatre under producer Gordon Murray. Usually working with marionettes, the two also operated rod puppets for eighteen adaptations of the Toytown stories by S.G. Hulme Beaman. In 1962 Bura and Hardwick began their long association with BBC Schools, providing animations for them as well as for other BBC productions. The Puppet Theatre was closed in 1963 alongside the Children's Department by Sydney Newman, who used the Theatre's former studio space to film special effects for his creation Doctor Who. However, the two soon found themselves once again working under Murray, creating the animation for Camberwick Green, the inaugural instalment of the Trumptonshire trilogy. The trilogy was all animated in their recently acquired homemade studio in Womersley Road, Crouch End.
During the 1970s and 1980s, the studio's work was said to have been credited frequently within a single week's edition of the Radio Times. According to Bob Bura, the BBC ensured that they would remain in work; most of their filmography was produced for the corporation. In the early 1980s, Bura and Hardwick moved from Womersley Road to what would become the Church Studios, but due to pressure from the local council (owing to the way it was then operated), they had to sell part of it, which ended up going to Dave Stewart and Annie Lennox of pop group Eurythmics. Here they were able to complete their album Sweet Dreams, which propelled them to international success. In 1984 they purchased the studio from the animators.
A while later, the BBC decided to cut their ties with Bura and Hardwick, owing to the desire for a substantial increase in outsourced productions. This was done as a result of the Broadcasting Act 1990's requirements for at least 25% of its output to be sourced from independent companies, which would have doomed Bura and Hardwick's future careers; nonetheless they were hopeful that they would find a good sponsor to continue. Hardwick died in 2004, Bura in 2018.
Techniques
Bura and Hardwick utilised many innovative filming techniques, which developed throughout their stop motion work.
The film cameras initially used exposed at twenty-four frames a second, so Bura modified them to operate at only a single frame. This allowed for smoother movement compared to other stop motion productions of the time, which was partially due to their desire to film one frame per movement, compared to two as other studios may have done. Each frame took an hour to shoot, and by the end of a given week Bura, Hardwick, and their team of assistants may have completed at least two minutes and 30 seconds of footage.
The puppets were fixed to a soft base with pins in between shots, which saved time as opposed to being screwed onto the animation table. In order to make sure that they would not be effected by the heat of the studio lights (as had happened during filming of Camberwick Green), later productions had further modifications made to the camera. As was utilised during the year-long production, certain props would be marked in ways that ensured they would be moved at a consistent level each shot. The episode PC McGarry features a smoke effect filmed in real-time, notable for the lack of motion for anything else in the sequence. This technique was further used in the first thirteen episodes of the 1972 stop motion version of the Toytown series.
Beginning in the mid-1970s, the studio devised a new technique: animating the background. A film would be reflected behind the puppets by a transit screen at a narrow angle, which necessitated another modification to the front camera. This was seen in various BBC Schools projects, including Bura and Hardwick's work for Words and Pictures. The term “stop motion” was originally the trademark of their company, Stop Motion Limited, referring to their productions. However, it became used to refer to all animation made using puppets moved by small increments, becoming perhaps better well known than the animators who coined it; a generic trademark.
At the request of Hardwick, Camberwick and the rest of the Trumptonshire trilogy was filmed in colour as opposed to black-and-white, requiring the first episode (Peter the Postman) to be reshot. This ensured a long period of repeats for the trilogy, in keeping with Bura's philosophy regarding their work together:
Everything we do, we do in a position that we think people will want to see it forever. That sounds terribly big-headed, but we thought that whatever it is we’re going to do is going to be seen. We knew that.
Accolades and legacy
Bura and Hardwick's 1968 animation of Igor Stravinsky's Petrushka was well received, praised by the BBC as a highlight of that year, and by The Guardian as “by far the most imaginative British use of puppets one has seen on Television”. Their 1978 production of The Nutcracker and the Mouse King won the BAFTA for Flame of Knowledge in 1979.
The animation style created by the studio for the Trumptonshire trilogy has been recreated and parodied numerous times: commercials for Windmill Bakery and Quaker Oats, appearances in the BBC's Future Generations, and pastiches in Life on Mars and the music video for Radiohead's 2016 single Burn the Witch.
Filmography
As puppeteers
| Year | Title | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1955-1964 | A Rubovian Legend | 29 episodes | |
| 1956-1958 | Toytown | 18 episodes | |
| 1956 | The Bird of Truth | TV movie | |
| The Holy Mice | |||
| 1957 | The Emperor's Nightingale | ||
| Beauty and the Beast | |||
| 1958 | The Emperor's New Clothes | ||
| 1959 | The Petrified Princess | ||
| The King of the Golden River | |||
| 1960 | The Crumpot Candles | ||
| The Magic Tree | |||
| The Balloon and the Baron | TV movie, special effects | ||
| 1961 | Beauty and the Beast | Unrelated to 1957 production, 2 episodes, special effects | |
| Great Captains | 2 episodes, special effects | ||
| 1962 | They Hanged My Saintly Billy | TV movie | |
| The Dancing Princess | |||
| 1962-1963 | Pops and Lenny | 10 episodes | |
| 1965-1966 | Hey Presto! It's Rolf | 9 episodes |
As animators
| Year | Title | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | Air, Land, and Water | First project for BBC Schools, 3 episodes | |
| 1963 | Blue Peter | 3 episodes | |
| 1965-1966 | Merry-Go-Round | 4 episodes | |
| 1966 | Camberwick Green | 13 episodes | |
| 1967 | Pinky and Perky's Island | Animators for first 4 episodes, puppeteers for next 9 (13 total) | |
| Trumpton | 13 episodes | ||
| The Furry Folk on Holiday | Short film | ||
| 1968 | Petrushka | Short film for BBC Schools | |
| 1969 | Chigley | 13 episodes | |
| Mary, Mungo and Midge | Camera operators, 13 episodes | ||
| 1972 | The Adventures of Sir Prancelot | Camera operators, 31 episodes | |
| Larry the Lamb | 13 episodes | ||
| 1973-1975 | Doctor Who | Studio for model sequences, 7 episodes | |
| 1974-1975 | Captain Pugwash | Camera operators, 30 episodes | |
| 1975-1990 | Words and Pictures | 58 episodes | |
| 1978 | Coppélia | Short film for Music Time | |
| The Nutcracker and the Mouse King | |||
| 1979 | Lieutenant Kijé | ||
| 1984 | Sleeping Beauty |
References
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- ^ "The Animators: Bura and Hardwick - Trumptonshire Web". Archived from the original on 23 December 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
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External links
- Bob Bura at IMDb
- John Hardwick at IMDb
- Bob Bura's nephew Cliff's YouTube channel, containing a four-part interview with Bob detailing his life