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| ==Background== | ==Background== | ||
| In the spring of 1917, ] faced a severe food crisis, caused by the economic strain of ]. Bread became increasingly scarce in ]. By May, rumors circulated that bakeries were intentionally withholding bread from the population. On May 14, the situation worsened as crowds gathered outside bakeries, leading to looting and riots.<ref> |
In the spring of 1917, ] faced a severe food crisis, caused by the economic strain of ]. Bread became increasingly scarce in ]. By May, rumors circulated that bakeries were intentionally withholding bread from the population. On May 14, the situation worsened as crowds gathered outside bakeries, leading to looting and riots.<ref>Franco, 2023.</ref> | ||
| No dia 14 continua a não haver pão, mas começam a circular rumores de que as padarias é que não o querem vender ao povo. | |||
| Verificam-se novos tumultos às portas das padarias de diversos bairros: | |||
| Alcântara, Baixa, Campo Grande, Benfica. No dia 19 as poucas padarias que têm pão vendem-no todo ainda de madrugada. Os tumultos reacendem-se. Diversos padeiros e padarias são atacados. | |||
| Nessa tarde, à falta de pão, desencadeia-se uma corrida à batata, cujo preço dispara: em poucas horas o quilo de tubérculos mais do que triplica, passando de seis para 20 centavos. As mercearias são agora o novo alvo dos assaltantes. Está em curso um movimento popular de protesto e motins que ficará conhecido como «A Revolta da Batata» e que durará dias." in Franco, 2023.</ref> | |||
| ==Revolt== | ==Revolt== | ||
| Riots broke out across ] in neighborhoods such as ], ], ], and the Baixa. On May 19, bakeries that still had bread sold out before dawn, leaving many without food. The crowds turned their frustration toward other sources of sustenance, protesters began looting grocery stores, warehouses, and other establishments like shoe shops.<ref> |
Riots broke out across ] in neighborhoods such as ], ], ], and the Baixa. On May 19, bakeries that still had bread sold out before dawn, leaving many without food. The crowds turned their frustration toward other sources of sustenance, protesters began looting grocery stores, warehouses, and other establishments like shoe shops.<ref>Franco, 2023.</ref> | ||
| Num ápice os assaltos transformam-se num rastilho de motins que ocorrem um pouco por toda a capital. Alcântara, Campo de Ourique, Campolide, Alfama, Baixa, Chiado, Bairro Alto, Santos, Pampulha, Belém, Junqueira, Estrela, Lapa. São raros os bairros lisboetas que escapam. Testemunhando em primeira mão as altercações, o futuro conde de Mafra regista no seu diário: «Foi terrível a noite de ontem para hoje. O povo não tendo pão amotinou-se e atacou padarias, mercearias e mais depósitos de comestíveis. A polícia não pôde ou não quis acudir. Há muitos feridos e mortos. No hospital vi eu 15 | |||
| cadáveres. Um horror! Pobre povo!» | |||
| Ao todo são vandalizadas 186 padarias e outras tantas mercearias, | |||
| mas os assaltos estendem-se ainda às tabernas, aos armazéns | |||
| alimentares, às sapatarias, às chapelarias e às retrosarias." in Franco, 2023.</ref> | |||
| The police and ] struggled to contain the violence. Protesters responded to government forces with firearms and explosives. By May 20, the government declared martial law, suspending civil liberties and deploying military forces to restore order. Despite these measures, riots continued, spreading to the neighboring cities of Lisbon and other parts of the country.<ref> |
The police and ] struggled to contain the violence. Protesters responded to government forces with firearms and explosives. By May 20, the government declared martial law, suspending civil liberties and deploying military forces to restore order. Despite these measures, riots continued, spreading to the neighboring cities of Lisbon and other parts of the country.<ref>Franco, 2023.</ref> | ||
| ==Aftermath== | ==Aftermath== | ||
| The state of siege remained in place until May 31, by which time hundreds had been arrested and dozens killed. Systematic searches were conducted to recover stolen goods, from food items like codfish and potatoes to goods and clothing.<ref> |
The state of siege remained in place until May 31, by which time hundreds had been arrested and dozens killed. Systematic searches were conducted to recover stolen goods, from food items like codfish and potatoes to goods and clothing.<ref>Franco, 2023.</ref> | ||
| As prisões de Lisboa e arredores estão cheias e registam-se dezenas de mortes. Nos dias anteriores, o comando militar da capital reprimira as agitações que continuavam a deflagrar aqui e ali, como faúlhas de uma fogueira. E ordenara buscas sistemáticas aos diversos bairros, com vista à recuperação das mercadorias furtadas. São apreendidos | |||
| bacalhau, toucinho, feijão, grão, conservas, batatas, arroz, bolachas, sapatos, botões, fitas, sabão macaco, e todo um rol de futilidades domésticas." in Franco, 2023.</ref> | |||
| In parliament, Prime Minister ] attributed the disturbances not to the government’s failures but to anarchist and syndicalist agitators intent on causing disorder. Propaganda campaigns were launched to discredit the protesters, branding them as monarchical sympathizers and traitors.<ref> |
In parliament, Prime Minister ] attributed the disturbances not to the government’s failures but to anarchist and syndicalist agitators intent on causing disorder. Propaganda campaigns were launched to discredit the protesters, branding them as monarchical sympathizers and traitors.<ref>Franco, 2023</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 11:04, 12 January 2025
Revolt in Portugal, 1917 For the 1847 food riot in Berlin, see Potato revolution.The Potato Revolt was a social unrest that broke out in Lisbon and Porto, with reverberations in several other Portuguese cities, between May 19 and 21, 1917, in protest against hunger and the rising cost of living. People looted grocery stores and warehouses, and a state of siege was declared in Lisbon and Porto.
| Potato Revolt | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Portugal |
Protesters | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Afonso Costa | None | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
|
GNR Portuguese Army | None | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | >4,000 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown |
~60 killed Many wounded Hundreds arrested | ||||||
Background
In the spring of 1917, Portugal faced a severe food crisis, caused by the economic strain of World War I. Bread became increasingly scarce in Lisbon. By May, rumors circulated that bakeries were intentionally withholding bread from the population. On May 14, the situation worsened as crowds gathered outside bakeries, leading to looting and riots.
Revolt
Riots broke out across Lisbon in neighborhoods such as Alcântara, Campo Grande, Benfica, and the Baixa. On May 19, bakeries that still had bread sold out before dawn, leaving many without food. The crowds turned their frustration toward other sources of sustenance, protesters began looting grocery stores, warehouses, and other establishments like shoe shops.
The police and GNR struggled to contain the violence. Protesters responded to government forces with firearms and explosives. By May 20, the government declared martial law, suspending civil liberties and deploying military forces to restore order. Despite these measures, riots continued, spreading to the neighboring cities of Lisbon and other parts of the country.
Aftermath
The state of siege remained in place until May 31, by which time hundreds had been arrested and dozens killed. Systematic searches were conducted to recover stolen goods, from food items like codfish and potatoes to goods and clothing.
In parliament, Prime Minister Afonso Costa attributed the disturbances not to the government’s failures but to anarchist and syndicalist agitators intent on causing disorder. Propaganda campaigns were launched to discredit the protesters, branding them as monarchical sympathizers and traitors.
References
- Costa 1979, p. 211.
- ^ A Revolta da Batata foi há 100 anos.
- Franco 2023.
- Franco, 2023.
- Franco, 2023.
- Franco, 2023.
- Franco, 2023.
- Franco, 2023
- Costa, Ramiro (1979). Elementos para a história do movimento operário em Portugal. Vol. 1. Assírio e Alvim.
- Franco, Lívia (June 1, 2023). Uma Família Monárquica na Guerra da República. Leya. ISBN 978-9722077378.
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