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| logo = ] | logo = ]
| name = United Australia Party | name = United Australia Party
| abbreviation = UAP
| leader1_title = ] | leader1_title = ]
| leader1_name = {{nowrap|] {{small|(1931–40)}}}}<br/>{{nowrap|] {{small|(1940–45)}}}} | leader1_name = {{nowrap|] {{small|(1931–40)}}}}<br/>{{nowrap|] {{small|(1940–45)}}}}
| leader2_title = ]
| leader2_name = {{nowrap|] {{small|(1931–32; 1934–35)}}}}<br/>{{nowrap|] {{small|(1932–34)}}}}<br/>{{nowrap|] {{small|(1935–40)}}}}<br/>{{nowrap|] {{small|(1940)}}}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|15 September 1931}}
| dissolution = {{end date and age|5 March 1945}} | dissolution = {{end date and age|5 March 1945}}
| predecessor = ] | predecessor = ]
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At the ], the UAP won 31 seats, just shy of the 33 needed for a majority.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crushing Labor Defeat |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/64298182 |publisher=Portland Guardian |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=2 |date=16 May 1932}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=THE THIRTY-FIRST PARLIAMENT ELECTED 14 MAY 1932 |url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/states/vic/historic/1932assembly.txt |publisher=Psephos: Adam Carr's Electoral Archive |access-date=12 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209080847/http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/states/vic/historic/1932assembly.txt |archive-date=9 December 2024}}</ref> Following the election, the UAP formed a ] with the UCP, with several UCP MPs serving in the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=U.A.P.-COUNTRY PARTY COALITION |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/70219078 |publisher=The Albany Advertiser |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=19 May 1932}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=VICTORIAN MINISTRY SWORN IN YESTERDAY |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/236189187 |publisher=The Corowa Free Press |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=2 |date=20 May 1932}}</ref> UAP leader ] was sworn in as ], replacing Labor's ], and ] served in the newly-formed position of ] (replacing ] as deputy UAP leader).<ref>{{cite web |title=BIG UNITED AUSTRALIA PARTY SUCCESS |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/62693573 |publisher=Gippsland Times |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=3 |date=16 May 1932}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MR. MENZIES DEPUTY PREMIER |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/174050269 |publisher=Shepparton Advertiser |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=2 |date=16 June 1932}}</ref> At the ], the UAP won 31 seats, just shy of the 33 needed for a majority.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crushing Labor Defeat |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/64298182 |publisher=Portland Guardian |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=2 |date=16 May 1932}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=THE THIRTY-FIRST PARLIAMENT ELECTED 14 MAY 1932 |url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/states/vic/historic/1932assembly.txt |publisher=Psephos: Adam Carr's Electoral Archive |access-date=12 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209080847/http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/states/vic/historic/1932assembly.txt |archive-date=9 December 2024}}</ref> Following the election, the UAP formed a ] with the UCP, with several UCP MPs serving in the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=U.A.P.-COUNTRY PARTY COALITION |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/70219078 |publisher=The Albany Advertiser |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=19 May 1932}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=VICTORIAN MINISTRY SWORN IN YESTERDAY |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/236189187 |publisher=The Corowa Free Press |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=2 |date=20 May 1932}}</ref> UAP leader ] was sworn in as ], replacing Labor's ], and ] served in the newly-formed position of ] (replacing ] as deputy UAP leader).<ref>{{cite web |title=BIG UNITED AUSTRALIA PARTY SUCCESS |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/62693573 |publisher=Gippsland Times |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=3 |date=16 May 1932}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MR. MENZIES DEPUTY PREMIER |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/174050269 |publisher=Shepparton Advertiser |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=2 |date=16 June 1932}}</ref>


In 1934, Menzies resigned from the state parliament in order to contest the ], and was replaced by Macfarlan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deputy Leader Of U.A.P. In House |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/243173381 |publisher=The Herald |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=31 July 1934}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Macfarlan to Become Deputy Leader |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/10970780 |publisher=The Argus |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=7 |date=1 August 1934}}</ref> The UAP lost four seats at the ] but remained the largest party in parliament, with Argyle returned as premier and UCP leader ] replacing Macfarlan as deputy premier.<ref>{{cite web |title=MESSAGE FROM THE PREMIER |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/177602045 |publisher=Shepparton Advertiser |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=3 |date=13 March 1935}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Dunstan Deputy-Premier |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/32827654 |publisher=The West Australian |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=18 |date=16 March 1935}}</ref> In 1934, Menzies resigned from the state parliament in order to contest the ], and Macfarlan returned to the deputy leadership.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deputy Leader Of U.A.P. In House |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/243173381 |publisher=The Herald |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=31 July 1934}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Macfarlan to Become Deputy Leader |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/10970780 |publisher=The Argus |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=7 |date=1 August 1934}}</ref> The UAP lost four seats at the ] but remained the largest party in parliament, with Argyle returned as premier and UCP leader ] replacing Macfarlan as deputy premier.<ref>{{cite web |title=MESSAGE FROM THE PREMIER |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/177602045 |publisher=Shepparton Advertiser |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=3 |date=13 March 1935}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Dunstan Deputy-Premier |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/32827654 |publisher=The West Australian |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=18 |date=16 March 1935}}</ref> In a ] on 12 March 1935, Macfarlan lost his position and was replaced as UAP deputy leader by ].<ref>{{cite web |title=New U.A.P. Deputy Leader |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/244964861 |publisher=The Herald |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=5 |date=12 March 1935}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mr Macfarlan Loses Deputy Leadership |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/116551106 |publisher=The Riverine Herald |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=2 |date=13 March 1935}}</ref>


At a meeting of the UCP's Central Council and its parliamentary members on 19 March 1935, the sudden decision was taken to end the coalition after Argle refused to give the UCP more ministerial portfolios.<ref>{{cite web |title=MAY BE DEFEATED: Argyle Nationalist Government |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146008363 |publisher=The Australian Worker |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=18 |date=20 March 1935}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shaw |first1=A.G.L. |title=Sir Stanley Seymour Argyle (1867–1940) |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/argyle-sir-stanley-seymour-5049 |publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography |access-date=12 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912212230/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/argyle-sir-stanley-seymour-5049 |archive-date=12 September 2024}}</ref> Argyle was forced to form a new ministry comprised entirely of UAP members, accusing the UCP of double-crossing and betraying the UAP.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.C.P. Ministers Withdraw |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/177320530 |publisher=Warwick Daily News |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=21 March 1935}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Victorian Crises |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131288722 |publisher=The Dubbo Liberal and Macquarie Advocate |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=23 March 1935}}</ref> At a meeting of the UCP's Central Council and its parliamentary members on 19 March 1935, the sudden decision was taken to end the coalition after Argle refused to give the UCP more ministerial portfolios.<ref>{{cite web |title=MAY BE DEFEATED: Argyle Nationalist Government |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/146008363 |publisher=The Australian Worker |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=18 |date=20 March 1935}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shaw |first1=A.G.L. |title=Sir Stanley Seymour Argyle (1867–1940) |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/argyle-sir-stanley-seymour-5049 |publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography |access-date=12 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912212230/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/argyle-sir-stanley-seymour-5049 |archive-date=12 September 2024}}</ref> Argyle was forced to form a new ministry comprised entirely of UAP members, accusing the UCP of double-crossing and betraying the UAP.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.C.P. Ministers Withdraw |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/177320530 |publisher=Warwick Daily News |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=21 March 1935}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Victorian Crises |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131288722 |publisher=The Dubbo Liberal and Macquarie Advocate |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=23 March 1935}}</ref>
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The ] saw the UAP again emerge as the largest party with 21 seats, but the UCP continued to form government with the support of Labor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Majority Assured |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/37896209 |publisher=The Courier Mail |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=14 |date=14 October 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ultimatum Issued At Meeting Today |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/244616695 |publisher=The Herald |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=13 October 1937}}</ref> Argyle was re-elected UAP leader following the election and the Country-Liberal faction was disbanded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Country and Liberal Section Disbanded |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/27982260 |publisher=Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=10 |date=14 October 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Defection From the U.A.P. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11080143 |publisher=The Argus |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=3 |date=20 October 1937}}</ref> The Country-Liberal MPs who remained in parliament returned to the UAP opposition benches, with the exception of Holden (who became an ]) and Macfarlan (who became an ]).<ref>{{cite web |title=TWO LIKELY TO LEAVE |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/277945441 |publisher=The Sun News-Pictorial |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=63 |date=15 October 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MESSRS. MACFARLAN AND HOLDEN NO LONGER U.A.P. MEMBERS |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/277944085 |publisher=The Sun News-Pictorial |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=9 |date=20 October 1937}}</ref> Macfarlan said he left the UAP because its Victorian branch was "controlled by an outside body", the members of which were unknown to the majority of the party's members.<ref>{{cite web |title=His Politics Unchanged |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/254750160 |publisher=Melton Express |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=23 October 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title="WHY I LEFT THE U.A.P." |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/205556921 |publisher=The Age |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=13 |date=17 November 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Why Mr. Macfarlan Left U.A.P. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/63022111 |publisher=Gippsland Times |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=6 |date=25 November 1937}}</ref> The ] saw the UAP again emerge as the largest party with 21 seats, but the UCP continued to form government with the support of Labor.<ref>{{cite web |title=Majority Assured |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/37896209 |publisher=The Courier Mail |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=14 |date=14 October 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ultimatum Issued At Meeting Today |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/244616695 |publisher=The Herald |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=13 October 1937}}</ref> Argyle was re-elected UAP leader following the election and the Country-Liberal faction was disbanded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Country and Liberal Section Disbanded |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/27982260 |publisher=Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=10 |date=14 October 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Defection From the U.A.P. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11080143 |publisher=The Argus |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=3 |date=20 October 1937}}</ref> The Country-Liberal MPs who remained in parliament returned to the UAP opposition benches, with the exception of Holden (who became an ]) and Macfarlan (who became an ]).<ref>{{cite web |title=TWO LIKELY TO LEAVE |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/277945441 |publisher=The Sun News-Pictorial |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=63 |date=15 October 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MESSRS. MACFARLAN AND HOLDEN NO LONGER U.A.P. MEMBERS |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/277944085 |publisher=The Sun News-Pictorial |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=9 |date=20 October 1937}}</ref> Macfarlan said he left the UAP because its Victorian branch was "controlled by an outside body", the members of which were unknown to the majority of the party's members.<ref>{{cite web |title=His Politics Unchanged |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/254750160 |publisher=Melton Express |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=1 |date=23 October 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title="WHY I LEFT THE U.A.P." |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/205556921 |publisher=The Age |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=13 |date=17 November 1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Why Mr. Macfarlan Left U.A.P. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/63022111 |publisher=Gippsland Times |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=6 |date=25 November 1937}}</ref>


Further losses for the UAP came at the ], when its seats deceased to 16, and Labor's support of the UCP government remained in place.<ref>{{cite web |title=LABOR GAINS AT U.A.P. EXPENSE |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/232030795 |publisher=The Sun |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=3 |date=17 March 1940}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U.A.P. REVERSES IN VICTORIA |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/140517912 |publisher=Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=7 |date=18 March 1940}}</ref> Argyle died on 23 November 1940 and was replaced as UAP leader by ] on 3 December 1940.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sir Stanley Argyle Dies |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/223197316 |publisher=Weekly Times |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=4 |date=30 November 1940}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Hollway Elected |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11320690 |publisher=The Argus |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=2 |date=4 December 1940}}</ref> Further losses for the UAP came at the ], when its seats deceased to 16, and Labor's support of the UCP government remained in place.<ref>{{cite web |title=LABOR GAINS AT U.A.P. EXPENSE |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/232030795 |publisher=The Sun |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=3 |date=17 March 1940}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U.A.P. REVERSES IN VICTORIA |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/140517912 |publisher=Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=7 |date=18 March 1940}}</ref> Argyle was returned as UAP leader, although only by a majority of two votes, while ] took over from Kent Hughes (who had enlisted in the ]) as deputy leader.<ref>{{cite web |title=State Parties to Meet |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/204412570 |publisher=The Age |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=8 |date=28 March 1940}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U.A.P. Leadership |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/12451207 |publisher=The Argus |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=4 |date=25 April 1940}}</ref>

On 23 November 1940, Argyle died and was replaced as UAP leader by Hollway.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sir Stanley Argyle Dies |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/223197316 |publisher=Weekly Times |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=4 |date=30 November 1940}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Hollway Elected |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11320690 |publisher=The Argus |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=2 |date=4 December 1940}}</ref> ] was seen as the frontrunner to become the new deputy leader, but with ] and ] also contesting the position, it was left vacant.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Dillon as Deputy |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/205225240 |publisher=The Age |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=6 |date=26 November 1940}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hitch Over Deputy Appointment |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/205229044 |publisher=The Age |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=8 |date=4 December 1940}}</ref>


Macfarlan rejoined the UAP on 7 May 1943 and was endorsed as the party's candidate in his seat of ].<ref>{{cite web |title=MR MACFARLAN, MLA, REJOINS UAP FOR UNITY REASON |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11347731 |publisher=The Argus |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=5 |date=8 May 1943}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MR. MACFARLAN REJOINS RANKS OF U.A.P. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/278572212 |publisher=The Sun News-Pictorial |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=11 |date=8 May 1943}}</ref> Macfarlan rejoined the UAP on 7 May 1943 and was endorsed as the party's candidate in his seat of ].<ref>{{cite web |title=MR MACFARLAN, MLA, REJOINS UAP FOR UNITY REASON |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11347731 |publisher=The Argus |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=5 |date=8 May 1943}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MR. MACFARLAN REJOINS RANKS OF U.A.P. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/278572212 |publisher=The Sun News-Pictorial |access-date=12 January 2025 |page=11 |date=8 May 1943}}</ref>
Line 68: Line 74:
! Term end ! Term end
! Time in office ! Time in office
! colspan=2|Premier {{small|(term)}} ! colspan=2|Premier<br/>{{small|(term)}}
|- |-
! rowspan=3; style="background:{{Australian politics/party colours|uap}}; color:white | 1 ! rowspan=3; style="background:{{Australian politics/party colours|uap}}; color:white | 1
Line 78: Line 84:
| rowspan=3 | {{ayd|15 September 1931|23 November 1940}} | rowspan=3 | {{ayd|15 September 1931|23 November 1940}}
! {{Australian party style|Labor VIC}}| ! {{Australian party style|Labor VIC}}|
| ]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1929–1932)}}}} ! style="font-weight:normal"|]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1929–1932)}}}}
|- |-
| {{Australian party style|uap}}| | {{Australian party style|uap}}|
| ''Himself''<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1932–1935)}}}} | '''''Himself'''''<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1932–1935)}}}}
|- |-
| {{Australian party style|country vic}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | {{Australian party style|country vic}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" |
| rowspan=2 |]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1935–1943)}}}} ! rowspan=2; style="font-weight:normal"| ]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1935–1943)}}}}
|- |-
! rowspan=3; style="background:{{Australian politics/party colours|uap}}; color:white | 2 ! rowspan=3; style="background:{{Australian politics/party colours|uap}}; color:white | 2
Line 96: Line 102:
|- |-
! {{Australian party style|Labor VIC}}| ! {{Australian party style|Labor VIC}}|
| ]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1943–1943)}}}} ! style="font-weight:normal"|]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1943)}}}}
|- |-
| {{Australian party style|country vic}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" | | {{Australian party style|country vic}}; border-bottom:solid 0 gray" |
| ]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1943–1945)}}}} ! style="font-weight:normal"|]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1943–1945)}}}}
|}

===Deputy Leaders===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! class=unsortable | No.
! colspan=2 | Leader<br>{{small|(birth–death)}}
! Electorate
! Term start
! Term end
! Time in office
! colspan=2|Leader<br/>{{small|(term)}}
|-
! style="background:{{Australian politics/party colours|uap vic}}; color:white | 1
| ]
| ]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1881–1964)}}}}
| ]
| {{nowrap|15 September 1931}}
| {{nowrap|15 June 1932}}
| {{ayd|15 September 1931|15 June 1932}}
| rowspan=5; {{Australian party style|uap vic}}|
| rowspan=5 | ]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1931–1940)}}}}
|-
! style="background:{{Australian politics/party colours|uap vic}}; color:white | 2
| ]
| ]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1894–1978)}}}}
| ]
| {{nowrap|15 June 1932}}
| {{nowrap|31 July 1934}}
| {{ayd|15 June 1932|31 July 1934}}
|-
! style="background:{{Australian politics/party colours|uap vic}}; color:white | (1)
| ]
| ]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1881–1964)}}}}
| ]
| 31 July 1934
| 12 March 1935
| {{ayd|31 July 1934|12 March 1935}}
|-
! style="background:{{Australian politics/party colours|uap vic}}; color:white | 3
| ]
| ]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1895–1970)}}}}
| ]
| 12 March 1935
| 24 April 1940
| {{ayd|12 March 1935|24 April 1940}}
|-
! style="background:{{Australian politics/party colours|uap vic}}; color:white | 4
| ]
| ]<br/>{{nowrap|{{small|(1906–1971)}}}}
| ]
| 24 April 1940
| {{nowrap|3 December 1940}}
| {{ayd|24 April 1940|3 December 1940}}
|} |}


Line 154: Line 213:
| 198,582 | 198,582
| 12.34% | 12.34%
| {{decrease}} 3 | {{decrease}} 12.34
| style="background-color:#FFCCCC" | Opposition | style="background-color:#FFCCCC" | Opposition
|} |}

Latest revision as of 13:06, 12 January 2025

Political party in Victoria
United Australia Party
AbbreviationUAP
LeaderSir Stanley Argyle (1931–40)
Thomas Hollway (1940–45)
Deputy LeaderIan Macfarlan (1931–32; 1934–35)
Robert Menzies (1932–34)
Wilfrid Kent Hughes (1935–40)
Thomas Hollway (1940)
Founded15 September 1931; 93 years ago (15 September 1931)
Dissolved5 March 1945; 79 years ago (5 March 1945)
Preceded byNationalist Party
Succeeded byLiberal Party
Political positionCentre-right
National affiliationUnited Australia Party
Legislative Assembly31 / 65(1932–1935)
Legislative Council23 / 34(1932–1934)

The United Australia Party (UAP) was the state branch of the national United Australia Party in Victoria. The party led the state government under Sir Stanley Argyle between 1932 and 1935, but spent most of its existence in opposition to the Country Party.

In September 1943, the party entered into a coalition government with the Country Party. The national UAP began to demise in the 1940s, and the UAP's state parliamentary members joined the newly-formed Liberal Party in March 1945.

History

Foundation

Main article: United Australia Party § Foundation

On 7 May 1931, the Nationalist Party merged with the All for Australia League and the Australian Party to form the United Australia Party in the federal parliament.

The Victorian branch of the Nationalist Party, which was serving in opposition to the Labor government at the time, reflected this change several months later when it was renamed to the UAP on 15 September 1931. An attempt was made for the United Country Party (UCP) to merge with the UAP at the same time, but this was not successful.

Argyle government

See also: Argyle ministry

At the 1932 state election, the UAP won 31 seats, just shy of the 33 needed for a majority. Following the election, the UAP formed a coalition with the UCP, with several UCP MPs serving in the ministry. UAP leader Sir Stanley Argyle was sworn in as Premier, replacing Labor's Edmond Hogan, and Robert Menzies served in the newly-formed position of Deputy Premier (replacing Ian Macfarlan as deputy UAP leader).

In 1934, Menzies resigned from the state parliament in order to contest the federal election, and Macfarlan returned to the deputy leadership. The UAP lost four seats at the state election on 2 March 1935 but remained the largest party in parliament, with Argyle returned as premier and UCP leader Albert Dunstan replacing Macfarlan as deputy premier. In a spill on 12 March 1935, Macfarlan lost his position and was replaced as UAP deputy leader by Wilfrid Kent Hughes.

At a meeting of the UCP's Central Council and its parliamentary members on 19 March 1935, the sudden decision was taken to end the coalition after Argle refused to give the UCP more ministerial portfolios. Argyle was forced to form a new ministry comprised entirely of UAP members, accusing the UCP of double-crossing and betraying the UAP.

On 29 March 1935, a motion of no confidence against the Argyle government was moved by Dunstan and supported by UCP and Labor MPs. Argyle resigned as Premier on 2 April 1935 and Dunstan was sworn in, forming a ministry comprised of UCP MPs with the support of Labor in parliament.

Opposition and Country-Liberal faction

Now in opposition, the UAP suffered an internal split as Ian Macfarlan formed a "Country-Liberal" faction on 14 July 1936, which sat on the crossbench (although its members neither resigned nor were expelled from the UAP). The faction − which also included Harry Drew, Frederick Holden, Alfred Kirton, George Knox, Thomas Maltby and Clive Shields − reserved the right to support the Dunstan government on any measures that it approved, advocating conditional negotiation rather than rigid opposition.

The state election on 2 October 1937 saw the UAP again emerge as the largest party with 21 seats, but the UCP continued to form government with the support of Labor. Argyle was re-elected UAP leader following the election and the Country-Liberal faction was disbanded. The Country-Liberal MPs who remained in parliament returned to the UAP opposition benches, with the exception of Holden (who became an independent) and Macfarlan (who became an Independent Liberal). Macfarlan said he left the UAP because its Victorian branch was "controlled by an outside body", the members of which were unknown to the majority of the party's members.

Further losses for the UAP came at the 1940 state election, when its seats deceased to 16, and Labor's support of the UCP government remained in place. Argyle was returned as UAP leader, although only by a majority of two votes, while Thomas Hollway took over from Kent Hughes (who had enlisted in the Army) as deputy leader.

On 23 November 1940, Argyle died and was replaced as UAP leader by Hollway. James Dillon was seen as the frontrunner to become the new deputy leader, but with George Knox and Trevor Oldham also contesting the position, it was left vacant.

Macfarlan rejoined the UAP on 7 May 1943 and was endorsed as the party's candidate in his seat of Brighton.

Coalition government

The UAP was reduced to 13 seats after the 1943 state election. However, instead of being supported by Labor, it was the UAP that gave supply to the UCP.

On 10 September 1943, the Dunstan government was defeated on the floor of parliament after Labor MPs voted for a motion of no confidence brought forward by Hollway on the issue of electoral redistribution. Dunstan resigned as premier on 14 September, and Labor leader John Cain was sworn in.

Four days later on 18 September 1943, Dunstan was again sworn in as premier after the UCP formed a coalition government with the UAP, with members of the UAP serving in ministerial portfolios.

Disbandment

See also: Victorian Liberal Party § History

A Victorian division of the Liberal Party of Australia, which had been formed on 13 October 1944, was established between December 1944 and January 1945. The Victorian UAP branch and its parliamentary members joined the Liberal Party on 5 March 1945, with the state parliamentary UAP becoming the state parliamentary Liberal Party, prior to the national UAP being absorbed into the Liberal Party of Australia in October 1945.

Leadership

Leaders

No. Leader
(birth–death) 		Electorate Term start Term end Time in office Premier
(term)
1 Sir Stanley Argyle
(1867–1940) 		Toorak 15 September 1931 23 November 1940 9 years, 69 days Hogan
(1929–1932)
Himself
(1932–1935)
Dunstan
(1935–1943)
2 Thomas Hollway
(1906–1971) 		Ballarat 3 December 1940 5 March 1945 4 years, 92 days
Cain
(1943)
Dunstan
(1943–1945)

Deputy Leaders

No. Leader
(birth–death) 		Electorate Term start Term end Time in office Leader
(term)
1 Ian Macfarlan
(1881–1964) 		Brighton 15 September 1931 15 June 1932 274 days Argyle
(1931–1940)
2 Robert Menzies
(1894–1978) 		Nunawading 15 June 1932 31 July 1934 2 years, 46 days
(1) Ian Macfarlan
(1881–1964) 		Brighton 31 July 1934 12 March 1935 224 days
3 Wilfrid Kent Hughes
(1895–1970) 		Kew 12 March 1935 24 April 1940 5 years, 43 days
4 Thomas Hollway
(1906–1971) 		Ballarat 24 April 1940 3 December 1940 223 days

Election results

State elections

Election Leader Seats ± Total votes % ±% Position
1932 Sir Stanley Argyle 31 / 65 Increase 13 271,778 40.12% Increase 1.86 Coalition government
1935 25 / 65 Decrease 7 303,626 36.17% Decrease 3.95 Opposition
1937 21 / 65 Decrease 4 311,168 39.56% Increase 3.39 Opposition
1940 16 / 65 Decrease 5 274,113 35.41% Decrease 4.15 Opposition
1943 Thomas Hollway 13 / 65 Decrease 4 198,582 12.34% Decrease 12.34 Opposition

Notes

  1. The Country Party was officially known as the United Country Party (UCP) from October 1930 until March 1947, although it was still commonly referred to as the "Country Party".

References

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  4. "UNITED COUNTRY PARTY". Sunraysia Daily. 30 October 1930. p. 1. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
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  42. "His Politics Unchanged". Melton Express. 23 October 1937. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2025.
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  54. "MR. MACFARLAN REJOINS RANKS OF U.A.P." The Sun News-Pictorial. 8 May 1943. p. 11. Retrieved 12 January 2025.
  55. "DUNSTAN'S MAJORITY ASSURED". Daily Mirror. 14 June 1943. p. 5. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  56. "DUNSTAN GOVERNMENT RETURNED". Corryong Courier. 17 June 1943. p. 3. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
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  58. "JOINT STATE CABINET MOVE TODAY". The Herald. 26 August 1943. p. 3. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  59. "Dunstan Government May Be Replaced By U.A.P. Ministry". Daily Examiner. 9 September 1943. p. 4. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  60. "UAP And Labour Oust Dunstan Government". The Daily News. 10 September 1943. p. 14. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
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  63. "DUNSTAN TO BE PREMIER AGAIN". The Newcastle Sun. 15 September 1943. p. 3. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
  64. "Dunstan Again Premier of Victoria". Daily Examiner. 17 September 1943. p. 3. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
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  66. "First Executive Meeting". The Age. 5 January 1945. p. 5. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
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  68. "STATE UAP NOW LIBERAL PARTY". The Argus. 6 March 1945. p. 5. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
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