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| The '''Black Oath''' was a 1639 oath that ] in ] who were over the age of 16 were required to take under penalty of a fine or imprisonment.<ref>http://reformationhistory.org/nationalcovenantandblackoath.html</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tosh |first1=Robert |title=Presbyterianism |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/religious/rl02.shtml |website=Wars & Conflict - The Plantation of Ulster: Religious Legacy |publisher=BBC |access-date=26 September 2020 |pages=1 |date=18 September 2014}}</ref> | The '''Black Oath''' was a 1639 oath that ] in ] who were over the age of 16 were required to take under penalty of a fine or imprisonment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://reformationhistory.org/nationalcovenantandblackoath.html|title=Reformation History|website=reformationhistory.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tosh |first1=Robert |title=Presbyterianism |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/religious/rl02.shtml |website=Wars & Conflict - The Plantation of Ulster: Religious Legacy |publisher=BBC |access-date=26 September 2020 |pages=1 |date=18 September 2014}}</ref> | ||
| The oath was aimed at stopping ]: it required rejecting the ], an agreement signed by many people of Scotland during 1638, which opposed the proposed ] of the ] by ] |
The oath was aimed at stopping ]: it required rejecting the ], an agreement signed by many people of Scotland during 1638, which opposed the proposed ] of the ] by ];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/religious/rl02.shtml|title=BBC - History - Wars and Conflicts - Plantation of Ulster - Religious Legacy - Presbyterianism|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> and loyalty or obedience to the king.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://discoverulsterscots.com/history-culture/hamilton-montgomery/settlement-story|title=The Settlement Story | Discover Ulster-Scots|website=discoverulsterscots.com}}</ref> | ||
| The oath was reportedly framed by ] and ] and recommended by ], the Lord Deputy, who urged its enforcement throughout the country starting on 21 May 1639.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Thompson |first=Mark |date=2006g |title=The Dawn of the Ulster-Scots - Part Seven: Scotland's National Covenant, The Black Oath and the 1641 Massacre |url=http://www.hamiltonmontgomery1606.com/ |url-status=dead |magazine=The Ulster-Scot July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070728152535/http://www.hamiltonmontgomery1606.com/siteFiles/resources/pdf/H%26M%20Ulster%20Scot%207%20AW%20HR.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2007 |access-date=3 August 2019 }}</ref> | The oath was reportedly framed by ] and ] and recommended by ], the ] from 1632 to 1640, who urged its enforcement throughout the country starting on 21 May 1639.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Thompson |first=Mark |date=2006g |title=The Dawn of the Ulster-Scots - Part Seven: Scotland's National Covenant, The Black Oath and the 1641 Massacre |url=http://www.hamiltonmontgomery1606.com/ |url-status=dead |magazine=The Ulster-Scot July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070728152535/http://www.hamiltonmontgomery1606.com/siteFiles/resources/pdf/H%26M%20Ulster%20Scot%207%20AW%20HR.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2007 |access-date=3 August 2019 }}</ref> | ||
| The imposition of the Black Oath was related to the larger context of religious and political matters leading up to and including the ] of 1639 and 1640 in ] and northern ] and the ] (1639–1653) overall. | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{Portal|Ireland|Northern Ireland|Reformed Christianity}} | |||
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| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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Latest revision as of 18:35, 14 January 2025
The Black Oath was a 1639 oath that Scots in Ulster who were over the age of 16 were required to take under penalty of a fine or imprisonment.
The oath was aimed at stopping Covenanters: it required rejecting the National Covenant, an agreement signed by many people of Scotland during 1638, which opposed the proposed Laudian reforms of the Church of Scotland by King Charles I; and loyalty or obedience to the king.
The oath was reportedly framed by Hugh Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery and James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye and recommended by Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, the Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1632 to 1640, who urged its enforcement throughout the country starting on 21 May 1639.
The imposition of the Black Oath was related to the larger context of religious and political matters leading up to and including the Bishops' Wars of 1639 and 1640 in Scotland and northern England and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1653) overall.
See also
- Bishops' Wars
- Church of Scotland
- Loyalty oath
- Plantation of Ulster
- Ulster Scots people
- Wars of the Three Kingdoms
References
- "Reformation History". reformationhistory.org.
- Tosh, Robert (18 September 2014). "Presbyterianism". Wars & Conflict - The Plantation of Ulster: Religious Legacy. BBC. p. 1. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
- "BBC - History - Wars and Conflicts - Plantation of Ulster - Religious Legacy - Presbyterianism". www.bbc.co.uk.
- "The Settlement Story | Discover Ulster-Scots". discoverulsterscots.com.
- Thompson, Mark (2006g). "The Dawn of the Ulster-Scots - Part Seven: Scotland's National Covenant, The Black Oath and the 1641 Massacre" (PDF). The Ulster-Scot July 2006. Archived from the original on 28 July 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2019.