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| The '''Tambov Rebellion''' of ]–] was a large peasant rebellion against the ]s during the ] <ref name="Conquest> ], ] New York (1986) ISBN 0-195-04054-6 </ref> <ref name="black book"/>. It was with participation with a former official of the ], ], and therefore in ] it was named the ] (Анто́новщина) by ]. | The '''Tambov Rebellion''' of ]–] was a large peasant rebellion against the ]s during the ] <ref name="Conquest> ], ] New York (1986) ISBN 0-195-04054-6 </ref> <ref name="black book"/>. It was with participation with a former official of the ], ], and therefore in ] it was named the ] (Анто́новщина) by ]. The uprising took place in the territories of the modern ] and a part of ]. | ||
| A congress of Tambov rebels abolished Soviet power and decided to |
As a distinctive feature of this rebellion among the many of these times, it was led by a political organization, the ] (''Soyuz Trudovogo Krestyanstva''). A congress of Tambov rebels abolished Soviet power and decided to create a Constituent Assembly under equal voting, and to return all land to the peasants <ref name="Conquest"/>. | ||
| Alexander Antonov, a ] member of the Left ], had sided with the Bolsheviks during the ] in 1917, but turned on them after the Bolshevik's new farming policies came into place in 1918.{{Fact|date=May 2007}} | |||
| Antonov started to make attacks against the Soviet authorities and became a popular hero to the people of the ] region of central Russia where he started his campaigns.{{Fact|date=May 2007}} | |||
| By November 1920, he had an ] of around 8,000 men, most of them mounted. He used this army to mount ] against ] and ] junctions. He did manage to clear the ] region of the ] authorities, but he had a greater ambition, and this was to march on ].{{Fact|date=May 2007}} | |||
| In January 1921, Antonov resorted to conscription in order to increase his army. He managed to form 2 field armies. These field armies consisted of 21 'regiments', with a total strength of around 20,000-50,000 men. | |||
| The ] was well structured and well organised, with their own form of ] and ]. The Soviets however, referred to these Antonovtsi as disorganised ] groups or ]. | |||
| The field armies were organised much like regular formations, with 5 ] (2 ] or ] regiments, along with Specialist signals, reconnaissance, medical, engineer and other units.) | |||
| The armies command functions were organised by the Major Operations HQ, which had its own logistical, political and legal departments as well as a separate security regiment. | |||
| The threat of Antonov's ] was great enough that the Soviets treated it as a new front and sent some of their best commanders to fight it, ] and ] with nearly 50,000 regulars, as well as Hungarian and Chinese "internationalists" and ], ] and ] units. | |||
| The uprising took place in the territories of the modern ] and a part of ]. | |||
| As a distinctive feature of this rebellion among the many of these times, it was led by a political organization, the ] (''Soyuz Trudovogo Krestyanstva''). | |||
| The seriousness of the uprising called for the creation of the ''"Plenipotentiary Commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Bolshevik party for liquidation of banditism in the Tambov Gubernia"''. The rebellion was crushed by ] units headed by ]. The political guidance of the anti-revolt operations was effected by ]. The famous Soviet ] ] received his first Soviet decoration while fighting rebels here. | The seriousness of the uprising called for the creation of the ''"Plenipotentiary Commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Bolshevik party for liquidation of banditism in the Tambov Gubernia"''. The rebellion was crushed by ] units headed by ]. The political guidance of the anti-revolt operations was effected by ]. The famous Soviet ] ] received his first Soviet decoration while fighting rebels here. | ||
| The uprising was so great that nearly 100,000 soldiers were sent in, including special ] detachments <ref name="black book"/>. The army used heavy artillery and ]s to fight peasant rebels. The Red Army under ] used to take and execute without trial, civilian hostages. | |||
| ] and ] signed Order N 171, dated June 11 1921, that stipulated: ''"The forests where the bandits are hiding are to be cleared by the use of poison gas. This must be carefully calculated, so that the layer of gas penetrates the forests and kills everyone hiding there."'' <ref name="black book"> Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, ], '']: Crimes, Terror, Repression'', ], 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7 </ref> | |||
| Seven ]s were set up. At least 50,000 people were interned, mostly women, children, and elderly, some of them were sent there as ]s. The mortality rate in the camps was 15-20 percent a month. <ref name="black book"/> | Seven ]s were set up. At least 50,000 people were interned, mostly women, children, and elderly, some of them were sent there as ]s. The mortality rate in the camps was 15-20 percent a month. <ref name="black book"/> | ||
Revision as of 02:26, 12 May 2007
 | It has been suggested that this article be merged with Antonovschina. (Discuss) Proposed since February 2007. |
The Tambov Rebellion of 1919–1921 was a large peasant rebellion against the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War . It was with participation with a former official of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, Alexander Antonov, and therefore in Soviet history it was named the Antonovschina (Анто́новщина) by Vladimir Lenin. The uprising took place in the territories of the modern Tambov Oblast and a part of Voronezh Oblast.
As a distinctive feature of this rebellion among the many of these times, it was led by a political organization, the Union of Toiling Peasants (Soyuz Trudovogo Krestyanstva). A congress of Tambov rebels abolished Soviet power and decided to create a Constituent Assembly under equal voting, and to return all land to the peasants .
The seriousness of the uprising called for the creation of the "Plenipotentiary Commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Bolshevik party for liquidation of banditism in the Tambov Gubernia". The rebellion was crushed by Red Army units headed by Mikhail Tukhachevsky. The political guidance of the anti-revolt operations was effected by Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko. The famous Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov received his first Soviet decoration while fighting rebels here.
The uprising was so great that nearly 100,000 soldiers were sent in, including special CheKa detachments . The army used heavy artillery and armoured trains to fight peasant rebels. The Red Army under Tukhachevsky used to take and execute without trial, civilian hostages.
Tukhachevsky and Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko signed Order N 171, dated June 11 1921, that stipulated: "The forests where the bandits are hiding are to be cleared by the use of poison gas. This must be carefully calculated, so that the layer of gas penetrates the forests and kills everyone hiding there."
Seven Concentration camps were set up. At least 50,000 people were interned, mostly women, children, and elderly, some of them were sent there as hostages. The mortality rate in the camps was 15-20 percent a month.
- Tukhachvsky role in the Tambov revolt, including the text of commands given to the red army concerning the use of war gases, taking and executing hostages, deporting of peasant families to Concentration camps.
The uprising was gradually quelled in 1921. Antonov was killed in 1922 during an attempt to arrest him.
Notes
- ^ Robert Conquest, The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine Oxford University Press New York (1986) ISBN 0-195-04054-6
- ^ Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard University Press, 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7
External links
- Programme of Union of Toiling Peasants
- (in Russian) Antonovshchina: a wealth of historical documents, including the documents from the rebel side
- Tukhachvsky role in the Tambov revolt, including the text of commands given to the red army concerning the use of war gases, taking and executing hostages, deporting of peasant families to Concentration camps.
- An illustrated article about Tambov revolt from Gulag website (Russian)