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| {{Infobox musical artist | |||
| | Name = Mariah Carey | |||
| | Img = <!-- NOTE TO EDITORS: Do not replace Image:Mariah Carey13 Edwards Dec 1998.jpg with any fair use images. Any fair use photos (i.e. promotional photos) are copyright violations and will be deleted. Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/Wikipedia:Fair use criteria -->Mariah Carey13 Edwards Dec 1998.jpg | |||
| | Img_capt = Mariah Carey performing in 1998 | |||
| | Background = solo_singer | |||
| | Birth_name = Mariah Carey | |||
| | Born = {{birth date and age|1970|3|27}}<br>], ], ] | |||
| | Origin = ] | |||
| | Genre = ], ] | |||
| | Associated_acts = | |||
| | Occupation = ], ], ], ], ] | |||
| | Years_active = 1990–present | |||
| | Label = ], ], ]/] | |||
| | URL = | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Mariah Carey''' (born ], ]) is an ] ], ], ], ] and ].<!--STOP! Do not separate this sentence from the rest of the paragraph. There is absolutely no reason to do so, and it makes the lead disjointed.--> Her debut was in 1990 under the guidance of ] executive ] and became the first recording act to have its first five singles top the U.S. '']'' ] chart. Following her marriage to Mottola in 1993, a series of hit records established her position as Columbia's highest-selling act. According to ''Billboard'' magazine, she is the most successful artist of the 1990s in the United States.<ref>Shapiro, Marc. ''Mariah Carey'' (2001). pg. 145. UK: ECW Press, Canada. ISBN 1-55022-444-1.</ref> | |||
| Carey took much more control over her image and music following her separation from Mottola in 1997, and she introduced elements of ] into her album material. Her popularity was in decline when she left Columbia in 2001, and she was dropped by ] the following year after a highly publicized physical and emotional breakdown, and the poor reception of '']''; her film and soundtrack project. In 2002, Carey signed with ], and after an unsuccessful period, she returned to the forefront of pop music in 2005. | |||
| Carey was named the best selling female pop artist of the millennium at the 2000 ],<ref name= "best selling">. ]s. May 2000. Retrieved ], ] from the ]; . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> and she has recorded the most U.S. number-one singles for a female solo artist (seventeen). In addition to her commercial accomplishments, she has earned five ]s, and is well-known for her ], ], ]tic style, and extensive use of the ]. However, some critics have said Carey's efforts to showcase her vocal talents have been at the expense of communicating true emotion through song.<ref name="NYDailyNews">Farber, Jim. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref><ref name="RS-Emotions">Tannenbaum, Rob. . '']''. RS 617, ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| ==Life and music career== | |||
| === Childhood and youth === | |||
| Carey was born in ], ], ]. She is the third and youngest child of Patricia Hickey, a former ] singer and vocal coach of ] descent, and Alfred Roy Carey an ] of ] and ]n descent.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 16.</ref> She grew up in a Roman Catholic family.<ref>www.pridemagazine.com</ref> As a ] family, the Careys endured racial slurs, hostility, and sometimes violence, causing the family to frequently relocate throughout the New York<!-- they did not live in Rhode Island! If they did there should be a reliable source and you need to find and post it. Until then leave it as New York only!--> area. The strain on the family led to the divorce of Carey's parents when she was three years old.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 19–20.</ref> | |||
| Carey had little contact with her father, and her mother worked several jobs to support the family. Spending much of her time at home alone, Carey turned to music as an outlet. She began singing at around the age of three. Her mother Patricia was her vocal coach; Patricia began teaching her how to sing after Carey imitated her practicing ]'s opera '']'' in ].<ref name="askmen">. Askmen.com. Retrieved ], ].</ref><ref name="parade">Rader, Dotson. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> Carey performed for the first time in public during elementary school and was writing her own songs by junior high. Carey graduated from ] in ] although she was frequently absent because of her popularity as a ] singer for local recording studios; her classmates consequently gave her the nickname "]". Her renown within the Long Island music scene gave her opportunities to work with musicians such as ] and ], with whom she co-wrote material for her demo tape. After moving to ], Carey worked numerous part-time jobs to pay the rent and completed five hundred hours of beauty school.<ref>Handelman, David. "Miss Mariah". '']''. December 1997.</ref> Eventually, she became a ] for ] ] singer ]. | |||
| In 1989 Carey met Columbia Records executive ] at a party, where Starr gave him Carey's demo tape. Mottola played the tape while leaving the party and was very impressed with what he heard. He returned to find Carey, but she had left. Nevertheless, Mottola tracked her down and signed her to a recording contract. This ]-like story became part of the standard publicity surrounding Carey's entrance into the industry.<ref name="Vibe-Apr1996">Gardner, Elysa. "Cinderella Story". '']''. April 1996.</ref> | |||
| === 1990–1992: Early commercial success === | |||
| Carey co-wrote the tracks on her 1990 ], '']'', and she continued to co-write nearly all her material for the rest of her career. She expressed dissatisfaction with the contributions of producers such as ] and ], whom executives at Columbia had enlisted to help make the album commercially viable.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 47, 60.</ref> With substantial promotion it ascended to number one on the U.S. ] chart, where it remained for several weeks. It produced four number-one singles and made Carey a star in the United States, but it was less successful elsewhere. Critics rated the album highly, and Carey won ]s for ] and ] (for her debut single "]"). | |||
| ]'' concert showed her ability to produce her vocal style outside a studio setting. {{audio|MariahCareyEmotions(Live).ogg|Audio sample of "Emotions"}}]] | |||
| Carey conceived '']'', her second album, as a homage to ] ] (see ]), and she worked with ] and ] & ] (from the ] group ]) on the record. It was released soon after her debut album in late 1991, but was neither critically nor commercially as successful; '']'' described it as "more of the same, with less interesting material ... pop-psych love songs played with airless, intimidating expertise".<ref>Evans, Paul. ''The Rolling Stone Album Guide'' (1992). pg. 110–111. UK: Virgin Books. ISBN 0-86369-643-0.</ref> The title track "]" made Carey the only recording act to have their first five singles reach number-one on the U.S. ] chart, though the album's follow-up singles failed to match this feat. Carey had been lobbying to produce her own songs, and beginning with ''Emotions'', she would co-produce most of her material. "I didn't want to be somebody else's vision of me," she said. "There's more of me on this album."<ref>Shapiro, pg. 62.</ref> She began writing and producing for other artists, such as ] and ], within the coming year. | |||
| Although she had occasionally performed live, ] had prevented Carey from embarking on any major tours. Her first widely seen concert appearance was on the television show '']'' in 1992, and she said she felt that her performance proved her vocal abilities were not, as some had previously speculated, simulated using studio techniques.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 69.</ref> In addition to ] versions of some of her earlier songs, Carey premiered a ] of ]'s "]" with back-up singer ]. Released as a single, the duet reached number one in the U.S. and led to a record deal for Lorenz, whose debut album Carey co-produced. Because of strong ratings for the ''Unplugged'' television special, the concert's set list was released on the EP '']'', which '']'' called "the strongest, most genuinely musical record she has ever made ... Did this live performance help her take her first steps toward growing up?"<ref>Sandow, Greg. "''MTV Unplugged EP''". '']''. ], ].</ref> | |||
| === 1993–1996: Worldwide popularity === | |||
| Carey and ] had become romantically involved during the making of her debut album, and in June 1993 they were married. | |||
| ] consulted on the album '']'', which was released later that year and became Carey's most successful worldwide. It yielded her first ] number-one, a cover of ]'s "]", as well as the U.S. number-ones "]" and "]". ''Billboard'' magazine proclaimed it as "heart-piercing ... easily the most elemental of Carey's releases, her vocal eurythmics in natural sync with the songs",<ref>White, Timothy. "Mariah Carey's stirring 'Music Box'". '']''. New York: pg. 5, ], ], Vol. 105, Iss. 35.</ref> but '']'' magazine lamented Carey's attempt at a mellower work: " seems perfunctory and almost passionless ... Carey could be a pop-soul great; instead she has once again settled for ]-like mediocrity".<ref>Farley, Christopher John. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> When most critics slighted her subsequent U.S. ], Carey said, "As soon as you have a big success, a lot of people don't like that. There's nothing I can do about it. All I can do is make music I believe in."<ref>Shapiro, pg. 78.</ref> | |||
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| After a successful duet with ] on a cover of ] and ]' "]" in late 1994, Carey released the holiday album '']''. It contained cover material and original compositions such as "]", which became Carey's biggest single in ] and in subsequent years emerged as one of her most perennially popular songs on North American radio.<ref>Cohen, Sandy. ], ]. "Carey's 'Christmas' re-enters Canadian airplay top-forty for a tenth consecutive year". '']''. F1.</ref><ref name="AMG">. ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> Critical reception of ''Merry Christmas'' was mixed, with ] calling it an "otherwise vanilla set ... pretensions to high opera on ']' and a horrid danceclub ]''] take on ']'".<ref>Parisien, Roch. . '']''. Retrieved ], ].</ref> It became the most successful Christmas album of all time.<ref>Healey, Mitchell. "Carey On". '']''. ], ].</ref> | |||
| In 1995 Columbia released Carey's fifth album, '']'', which combined the pop sensibilities of ''Music Box'' with downbeat R&B and ] influences. A remix of "]", its first single, featured rapper ]. Carey said that Columbia reacted negatively to her intentions for the album: "Everybody was like 'What, are you crazy?'. They're very nervous about breaking the formula."<ref>Shapiro, pg. 92.</ref> It became her biggest-selling album in the U.S. and its singles achieved similar success: "Fantasy" became the second single to debut at number-one in the U.S. and topped the ] for twelve weeks, "]" (a duet with ]) spent a still-record-holding sixteen weeks at number one in the U.S., and "]" (co-produced by ]) led the Hot 100's 1996 year-end ] chart. ''Daydream'' generated career-best reviews for Carey<ref>Shapiro, pg. 94–96.</ref> and publications such as '']'' named it one of 1995's best albums; the ''Times'' wrote that its "best cuts bring pop candy-making to a new peak of textural refinement ... Carey's songwriting has taken a leap forward, becoming more relaxed, sexier and less reliant on thudding clichés".<ref>Holden, Stephen. "Mariah Carey Glides Into New Territory". '']''. pg. 76, ], ].</ref> The short but profitable ] augmented sales of the album, which received six Grammy Award nominations. | |||
| === 1997–2000: New image and independence === | |||
| Carey and Mottola separated in 1996. Although the public image of the marriage was a happy one, she said that in reality she had felt trapped by her relationship with Mottola, whom she often described as controlling.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 97–98.</ref> They officially announced their separation in 1997, and their divorce became final the following year. Carey hired a new attorney and manager soon after the separation, as well as an independent publicist. She became a major songwriter and producer for other artists during this period, contributing to the debut albums of ] and 7 Mile through her short-lived ] imprint. | |||
| ]" (1997), one of Carey's first heavily ]-influenced single, presented a more overtly sexual image of her than had been previously seen. {{audio|MariahCareyHoney.ogg|Audio sample}}]] | |||
| Carey's next album, '']'' (1997), yielded the number-one single "]", the lyrics and ] for which presented a more overtly sexual image of her than had been previously seen.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 101; Handelman.</ref> She stated that ''Butterfly'' marked the point that she attained full creative control over her music, which continued to move in a hip hop direction with material co-written and co-produced by rappers such as ] and ]. However, she added: "I don't think it's that much of a departure from what I've done in the past ... It's not like I went psycho and thought I was going to be a rapper. Personally, this album is about doing whatever the hell I wanted to do."<ref>Shapiro, pg. 101.</ref> Reviews were generally positive: ] said ''Butterfly'' "pushes the envelope", a move its critic thought "may prove disconcerting to more conservative fans" but praised as "a welcome change".<ref>Reynolds, J.R. . ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> The '']'' wrote: " is easily the most personal, confessional-sounding record she's ever done ... Carey-bashing just might become a thing of the past."<ref>Johnson, Connie. '']''. pg. 58, ], ].</ref> The album was a commercial success, and "]" (her thirteenth Hot 100 number-one) gave her the record for the most U.S. number-ones by a female artist. Towards the turn of the millennium, Carey was developing the film project '']'', and she wrote songs for the films '']'' (1997) and '']'' (2000). | |||
| During the production of ''Butterfly'', Carey became romantically involved with ] ] star ]. Their relationship ended in 1998, with both parties citing media interference as the main reason for the split.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 112.</ref> That year saw the release of '']'', a collection of her U.S. number-one singles up to that point. Carey said she recorded new material for the album as a way of rewarding her fans,<ref>Shapiro, pg. 116.</ref> and included "]", an ]-winning duet with ]; the song was from the soundtrack of '']'' (1998). ''#1's'' sold above expectations, but a review in '']'' labeled Carey "a purveyor of saccharine bilge like 'Hero', whose message seems wholesome enough: that if you vacate your mind of all intelligent thought, flutter your eyelashes and wish hard, sweet babies and honey will follow".<ref>. '']''. Retrieved ], ].</ref> Also that year she appeared on the first televised '']'' ] program, though her alleged ] behavior had already led many to consider her a ].<ref>Haring, Bruce. . ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> By the following year, she had entered a relationship with singer ]. | |||
| '']'', Carey's sixth studio album, was released in 1999. It comprised more R&B/hip hop-oriented songs, many of them co-created with ]. "]" and "]" (the former featuring ], the latter featuring ] and boy-band ]) reached number one in the U.S., and the success of the former made Carey the only act to have a number-one single in each year of the 1990s. A cover of ]'s "]" went to number one in the UK after Carey re-recorded it with boy band ]. Media reception of ''Rainbow'' was generally enthusiastic, with the '']'' saying the album "sees her impressively tottering between soul ballads and collaborations with R&B heavyweights like ], ] ... It's a polished collection of pop-soul."<ref>Virtue, Graham. "''Rainbow'', Mariah Carey". '']''. ], ].</ref> '']'' magazine expressed similar sentiments, writing, "She pulls out all stops...''Rainbow'' will garner even more adoration",<ref>"Mariah Carey, ''Rainbow''". '']''. pg. 258, December 1999.</ref> but despite this it became Carey's lowest-selling album up to that point, and there was a recurring criticism that the tracks were too alike. When the ] "]"/"]" became her first single to peak outside the top twenty, Carey accused Sony of under promoting it: "The political situation in my professional career is not positive ... I'm getting a lot of negative feedback from certain corporate people", she wrote on her official website.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 134.</ref> | |||
| === 2001–2004: Personal and professional struggles === | |||
| After receiving ] and the World Music Award for "Best-Selling Female Artist of the Millennium",<ref name= "best selling"/> Carey parted from Columbia and signed a contract with ]'s ] worth a reported US$80 million. She often stated that Columbia had regarded her as a commodity, with her separation from Mottola exacerbating her relations with label executives. Just a few months later, in July 2001, it was widely reported that Carey had suffered a physical and emotional breakdown. She had left messages on her website complaining of being overworked,<ref>Friedman, Roger. . ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> and her relationship with Luis Miguel was ending. In an interview the following year, she said, "I was with people who didn't really know me, and I had no personal assistant. I'd be doing interviews all day long, getting two hours of sleep a night, if that."<ref name="USAToday-Nov2002">Gardner, Elysa. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> During an appearance on ]'s '']'', Carey handed out ] to the audience and began what was later described as a "strip tease",<ref>. The ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> removing a large, baggy t-shirt to reveal a halter top and ]. By the month's end, she had checked into a hospital, and her publicist announced that she would be taking a break from public appearances.<ref name="CNN-Aug2001">Cook, Shanon. . ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| ]'' (2001).]] | |||
| Critics panned '']'', Carey's much delayed semi-autobiographical film, and it was a box office failure. The album '']'', inspired by the music of the 1980s, generated her worst showing on the U.S. chart. The '']'' dismissed it as "an absolute mess that'll go down as an annoying blemish on a career that, while not always critically heralded, was at least nearly consistently successful",<ref>Johnson, Kevin C. "Mariah Carey's New "Glitter" Is a Far Cry from Golden". '']''. pg. F.5, ], ] .</ref> while '']'' magazine opined, "After years of trading her signature flourishes for a radio-ready purr, 's left with almost no presence at all."<ref>"''Glitter''". '']''. pg. 118, August–September 2001.</ref> "]" reached number two on the Hot 100 thanks to a price cut,<ref name="CNN-Aug2001"/> but the album's follow-up singles failed to chart. | |||
| Columbia released the low-charting album '']'' shortly after the failure of ''Glitter'', and in early 2002 Virgin bought out Carey's contract for $28 million, creating further negative publicity. Carey said her time at Virgin had been "a complete and total stress-fest ... I made a total snap decision which was based on money, and I never make decisions based on money. I learned a big lesson from that."<ref>. ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> Later that year, she signed a $20 million contract with ] and launched the record label ]. To add further to Carey's emotional burdens, her father, with whom she had had little contact since childhood, died of cancer that year. | |||
| Following a well-received supporting role in the 2002 film '']'', Carey released the album '']'', which she said marked "a new lease on life" for her.<ref name="USAToday-Nov2002"/> Sales of ''Charmbracelet'' were moderate, and the quality of Carey's vocals came under severe criticism. The '']'' declared the album as "the worst of her career, revealing a voice no longer capable of either gravity-defying gymnastics or soft coos",<ref>Anderman, Joan. "For Carey, the Glory's Gone but the Glitter Lives On". '']''. pg. D.4, ], ] .</ref> and ''Rolling Stone'' commented: "Carey needs bold songs that help her use the power and range for which she is famous. ''Charmbracelet'' is like a stream of watercolors that bleed into a puddle of brown."<ref>Walters, Barry. . '']''. New York: pg. 93, ], ], iss. 911.</ref> Singles such as "]" failed on the charts and with pop radio, whose playlists had become less open to maturing "diva" stylists such as Carey, ] and ].<ref name="USAToday-Nov2002"/> | |||
| "]", a 2003 ] single on which Carey guest-starred, fared considerably better and reached the top five in the U.S. Columbia later included it on the remix collection '']'', Carey's lowest-selling album. That year, she embarked on the ] and was awarded the ] for selling over 100 million albums worldwide.<ref>. ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> She was featured on rapper ]' 2004 single "]", which reached the top ten on Billboard's ]. | |||
| === 2005–present: Return to prominence=== | |||
| Carey's tenth studio album, '']'', was released in 2005 and contained contributions from producers such as ], ], ] and Carey's longtime collaborator, ]. Carey said it was "very much like a party record... the process of putting on makeup and getting ready to go out... I wanted to make a record that was reflective of that."<ref>Ferber, Lawrence. "Mariah Carey: Free at last". '']''. ], ].</ref> ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' became the year's best-selling album in the U.S in 2005, and received some of Carey's most favorable reviews in some time; '']'' reviewer Caroline Sullivan defined it as "cool, focused and urban ... the first Mariah Carey tunes in years I wouldn't have to be paid to listen to again".<ref>Sullivan, Caroline. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> The album earned Carey Grammy Awards for ], as well as ], and ] for "We Belong Together". The album's second single,"]", held the Hot 100's number-one position for fourteen weeks (her longest run at the top as a solo lead artist) and became the biggest hit of 2005 in the U.S., while "]" made Carey the only solo female artist to occupy the Hot 100's top two positions simultaneously.<ref>Jeckell, Barry A. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> "]" became her seventeenth number-one in the U.S., tying her with ] for the most number-ones by a solo act according to ''Billboard'' magazine's revised methodology (their statistician ] still credits Presley with an eighteenth<ref>Bronson, Fred. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref>). The ] had twenty number-ones. | |||
| ]'' in 2006.]] | |||
| Carey has also had success on international charts, though not to the same degree as her native America. Thus far, she has had two number-one singles in Britain, two in Australia, and six in Canada. Carey's highest-charting single in Japan peaked at number-two.<ref>http://www.onlineweb.com/theones/auxiliary_pages/double_top.htm</ref><ref>http://www.onlineweb.com/theones/</ref><ref>http://www.onmc.iinet.net.au/trivia/aus_list.htm</ref><ref> http://www2.wbs.ne.jp/~ms-db/oricon/japan%20no1%20single%2068-.htm</ref> Carey began a concert tour, ], in mid-2006. She appeared on the cover of the March 2007 edition of '']'' magazine on a non-nude photo session.<ref>. '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> In early 2007 she was featured with ] on the ] single "]". | |||
| Later in the year Carey will receive a "recording star" on the ]<ref>. ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> and be inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame (on ]). | |||
| According to an interview with '']'' in mid-2006, she had already begun work on '']''.<ref>. '']''. ], ].</ref> According to a November 2006 ] report, ] CEO Doug Morris has stated that Carey will release two albums in 2007.<ref>. ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> It has also been reported that Carey booked a whole month in ]'s largest villa, and had a studio built in it.<ref>. '']''. ] ].</ref> | |||
| ==Acting career== | |||
| Carey began to take professional acting lessons in 1997, and within the coming year, she was auditioning for film roles. She made her debut as an opera singer in the romantic comedy '']'' (1999) starring ] and ], and ] derisively referred to her casting as a talentless diva as "letter-perfect ... the "can't act" part informs Carey's entire performance".<ref>Tatara, Paul. . ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| Carey's first starring role was in '']'' (2001), in which she played a struggling musician in the 1980s who breaks into the music industry after meeting a ] (]). While ] said "'s acting ranges from dutiful flirtatiousness to intense sincerity",<ref>]. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved from the ] on ], ].</ref> most critics panned it: ''] Film Guide'' called it a "vapid star vehicle for a pop singer with no visible acting ability",<ref>Walker, John. ''] Film Guide 2004: 19th Edition'' (2003). pg. 338. UK: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. ISBN 0-06-055408-8.</ref> and '']'' observed: "When tries for an emotion—any emotion—she looks as if she's lost her car keys."<ref>Atkinson, Michael. . '']''. ]–], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> ''Glitter'' was a box office failure, and Carey earned a ] for her role. She later said that the film "started out as a concept with substance, but it ended up being geared to 10-year-olds. It lost a lot of grit ... I kind of got in over my head."<ref name="USAToday-Nov2002"/> The film has consistently been ranked as one of the worst of all time in user voting at the ].<ref>. ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| ] and ], in '']'' (2002).]] | |||
| Carey, ] and ] co-starred as waitresses at a mobster-operated restaurant in the ] ''WiseGirls'' (2002), which premiered at the ] but went straight to cable in the U.S. Critics commended Carey for her efforts: '']'' predicted, "Those scathing notices for ''Glitter'' will be a forgotten memory for the singer once people warm up to Raychel",<ref>Honeycutt, Kirk. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> and Roger Friedman, referring to her as "a ] for the new millennium", said, "Her line delivery is sharp and she manages to get the right laughs".<ref>Friedman, Roger. . ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> ''WiseGirls'' producer ] cast Carey in ''The Sweet Science'', a film about an unknown female boxer who is recruited by a boxing manager, but it never entered production.<ref>Moss, Corey. . ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| Carey was one of several musicians who appeared in the independently produced ] films '']'' (2003) and '']'' (2005). Her television work has been limited to a January 2002 episode of '']''. | |||
| In 2006 Carey joined the cast of the indie film '']'' (2007), taking the role of a waitress who travels with her two brothers to find their long-lost father.<ref name="EOnline-Mar2006">Serpe, Gina. . ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| JoBlo.com reported in June 2007 that Carey will join the set of ]'s upcoming film '']'', playing herself.<ref>Sampson, Mike. . JoBlo.com. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| == Artistry == | |||
| Carey has said that from childhood she was stimulated by R&B and soul musicians such as ], ], ], ], ] and ]. Her music contains strong influences of ], and her favorite gospel singers include ], ] and ].<ref>Norent, Lynn. "Mariah Carey: 'Not another White girl trying to sing Black'". '']''. March 1991.</ref> As Carey began to imbue her sound with hip hop, speculation arose that she was making an attempt to take advantage of the genre's popularity, but she told '']'', "People just don't understand. I grew up with this music".<ref>Shapiro, pg. 124.</ref> She has expressed appreciation for rappers such as ], ], the ], ] and ], with whom she collaborated on "]" (1997).<ref name="Vibe-Apr1996"/> | |||
| Carey's debut album received criticism for being too similar in style to the work of ], and throughout her career, her vocal and musical style, along with her level of success, has been compared to Houston and ]. Carey and her peers, according to Garry Mulholland, are "the princesses of wails ... virtuoso vocalists who blend chart-oriented pop with mature ] ]".<ref>Mulholland, Garry. ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music'' (2003). pg. 57. UK: Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN 1-904041-70-1.</ref> In ''She Bop II: The Definitive History of Women in Rock, Pop and Soul'' (2002) writer Lucy O'Brien attributed the comeback of ]'s "old-fashioned showgirl" to Carey and Dion, and described them and Houston as "groomed, airbrushed and overblown to perfection".<ref name="SheBopII">O'Brien, Lucy. ''She Bop II: The Definitive History of Women in Rock, Pop and Soul'' (2002). pg. 476–477. UK: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-5776-2 (paperback).</ref> Carey's musical transition and her use of more revealing clothing during the late 1990s were in part initiated to distance herself from this image, and she subsequently said that most of her early work had been "schmaltzy MOR". Some have noted that unlike Houston and Dion, Carey co-writes all of her own songs, and the ''Guinness Rockopedia'' (1998) classified her as the "songbird supreme".<ref>''Guinness Rockopedia'' (1998). pg. 74. UK: Guinness Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-85112-072-5.</ref> | |||
| === Voice === | |||
| <!-- please do not add to or change the information below without providing reliable and verifiable sources. these do not include message board postings or mirrors/forks of wikipedia content. thanks --> | |||
| Carey is said to be able to cover all the notes from the ] vocal range leading to those of a ],<ref name="NYDailyNews"/><ref> {{cite book | |||
| | last = Martin | |||
| | first = Bill | |||
| | coauthors = | |||
| | title = Pro Secrets of Heavy Rock Singing | |||
| | publisher = Sanctuary Publishing | |||
| | date = 2002 | |||
| | pages = Page 9 | |||
| | month = | |||
| | id = ISBN 1-86074-437-0}}</ref> and her vocal trademark is her ability to sing in the ]. She has cited ] as the greatest influence on her singing technique, and from a very early age she attempted to emulate Riperton's high notes, to increasing degrees of success as her vocal range expanded. According to most sources, she has a ]<!-- seven octaves claim is inaccurate, whether from the WMAs or any other source-->, though some credit her with seven or eight octaves.<ref name="SheBopII"/> In 2003 her voice was voted the greatest in music in MTV and '']'' magazine's countdown of the ]. Carey said of the poll, "What it really means is voice of the MTV generation. Of course, it's an enormous compliment, but I don't feel that way about myself."<ref>. '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| Carey's voice has come under considerable scrutiny from critics who believe that she does not effectively communicate the message of her songs. ''Rolling Stone'' magazine said in 1992, "Carey has a remarkable vocal gift, but to date, unfortunately, her singing has been far more impressive than expressive ... at full speed her range is so superhuman that each excessive note erodes the believability of the lyric she is singing."<ref name="RS-Emotions"/> The '']'' wrote that Carey's singing "is ultimately what does her in. For Carey, vocalizing is all about the performance, not the emotions that inspired it ... Does having a great voice automatically make you a great singer? Hardly."<ref name="NYDailyNews"/> Some interpreted Carey's decision to utilise what she described as "breathy" vocals in some of her late 1990s and early 2000s work as a sign that her voice had begun to deteriorate, but she has maintained that it "has been here all along".<ref>. ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> An article in ''Vibe'' magazine indicated that Carey's singing style highlights weaknesses in other aspects of her music: "The impressiveness of her voice—as well as her tendency to oversing—make the blandness of her material all the more flagrant".<ref name="Vibe-Apr1996"/> | |||
| === Themes and musical style === | |||
| {{sound sample box align right| }} | |||
| {{multi-listen start|Audio sample of:}} | |||
| {{multi-listen item|filename=MariahCareyWeBelongTogether.ogg|title="We Belong Together" (2005)|description=One of Carey's many ]s, and a ] winner for "]" and "]".|format=]}} | |||
| {{multi-listen item|filename=MariahCareyVanishing.ogg|title="Vanishing" (1990)|description=The first song that Carey was allowed to co-produce demonstrates the piano influence that permeate much of her music.|format=]}} | |||
| {{multi-listen item|filename=MariahCareyMyAll(DavidMoralesClubMix).ogg|title="My All" (1998): Classic Club mix|description= Remixes of Carey's singles by producers such as ] established her presence on the U.S. club scene.|format=]}} | |||
| {{multi-listen end}} | |||
| {{sample box end}} | |||
| ] is the subject of the majority of Carey's lyrics, although she has also written about themes such as ], death, world hunger, and spirituality. She has said that much of her work is partly autobiographical, but ''TIME'' magazine wrote: "If only Mariah Carey's music had the drama of her life. Her songs are often sugary and artificial—] soul. But her life has passion and conflict."<ref>Farley, Christopher John. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| Carey's output makes great use of ] such as ]s, ] and ]s. Many of her songs contain ] music, and she was given piano lessons when she was six years old. Carey said that she cannot read ] and prefers to collaborate with a pianist when composing her material, but feels that it is easier to experiment with faster and less conventional ] and ]s using this technique. Some of her ]s have been inspired by the work of musicians such as ], a soul pianist whom Carey once referred to as "the genius of the century",<ref name="Vibe-Apr1996"/> but she has said, "My voice is my instrument; it always has been."<ref>. ]. November 2005. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| Carey began commissioning ]es of her material early in her career and helped spearhead the practice of recording entirely new vocals for remixes. Disc jockey ] has collaborated with Carey several times, starting with "]" (1993), which popularized the tradition of remixing pop songs into ] records and which '']'' magazine named one of the greatest dance songs of all time.<ref>. '']''. 2006. Retrieved ], ].</ref> From "]" (1995) onward, she enlisted both hip hop and house producers to re-imagine her album compositions. ''Entertainment Weekly'' included two remixes of "Fantasy" on a list of Carey's greatest recordings compiled in 2005:<ref>. '']''. January 2006. Retrieved ], ].</ref> a National Dance Music Award-winning remix produced by Morales, and a ] production featuring rapper ]. The latter has been credited with initiating the pop/hip hop collaboration trend that has continued into the 2000s through artists such as ] and ].<ref>''People in the News''. ]. Airdate: ], ].</ref> Combs said that Carey "knows the importance of mixes, so you feel like you're with an artist who appreciates your work—an artist who wants to come up with something with you".<ref name="Vibe-Apr1996"/> She continues to consult on remixes by producers such as Morales, Jermaine Dupri, ] and ], and guest performers contribute frequently to them. The popularity in U.S. ]s of the dance remixes, which often sound radically different from their album counterparts, has been known to eclipse the chart success of the original songs. | |||
| == Philanthropy and other activities == | |||
| Carey is a ] who has donated time and money to organizations such as the ]. She became associated with the Fund in the early 1990s, and is the co-founder of a camp located in ], New York that enables inner-city youth to embrace the arts and introduces them to career opportunities. The camp was called ] "for her generous support and dedication to Fresh Air children",<ref>. ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> and she received a Congressional Horizon Award for her youth-related charity work. She is well-known nationally for her work with the ] in granting the wishes of children with life-threatening illnesses, and in November 2006 she was awarded the Foundation's Wish Idol for her "extraordinary generosity and her many wish granting achievements".<ref>. MariahCarey.com. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> Carey has volunteered for the ] Athletic League and contributed to the ] department of ] Cornell Medical Center. A percentage of the sales of ''MTV Unplugged'' was donated to various other charities. In January 2007 it was reported Carey had volunteered to teach music production at a school ] opened in ].<ref>. ''Entertainment Tonight''. ], ].</ref> | |||
| One of Carey's most high-profile benefit concert appearances was on VH1's 1998 '']'' special, where she performed alongside other female singers in support of the Save the Music Foundation. The concert was a ratings success, and Carey participated in the 2000 special. She appeared at the '']'' nationally televised fundraiser in the aftermath of the ], and in December 2001 she performed before peacekeeping troops in ]. Carey hosted the CBS television special ''At Home for the Holidays'', which documented real-life stories of adopted children and foster families, and she has worked with the New York City Administration for Children's Services. In 2005 Carey performed for ] and at the ] relief telethon '']''. | |||
| Carey has participated in endorsements for ] ] personal computers.<ref>. ''nForcerHQ''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> In early 2006 she launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, "Glamorized", in American ] and Icing stores.<ref name="EOnline-Mar2006"/> Later that year it was announced she had signed a licensing deal with the cosmetics company ] to release a fragrance in 2007.<ref>Vineyard, Jennifer and Bland, Bridget. . ].com. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> During this period, as part of a partnership with ] and ], Carey recorded and promoted a series of exclusive ]s such as "]".<ref>. ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> According to '']'', Carey is the sixth richest woman in entertainment, with an estimated net worth of US $225 million.<ref>. '']''. ], ]. Retrieved ], ].</ref> | |||
| == Discography == | |||
| {{further|]}} | |||
| {{further|]}} | |||
| {{col-begin}} | |||
| {{col-2}} | |||
| === Studio albums === | |||
| * 1990: '']'' | |||
| * 1991: '']'' | |||
| * 1993: '']'' | |||
| * 1994: '']'' | |||
| * 1995: '']'' | |||
| * 1997: '']'' | |||
| * 1999: '']'' | |||
| * 2001: '']'' | |||
| * 2002: '']'' | |||
| * 2005: '']'' | |||
| * 2007: <!-- should not be italicised -->] | |||
| {{col-2}} | |||
| === Other albums === | |||
| * 1992: '']'' | |||
| * 1998: '']'' | |||
| * 2001: '']'' | |||
| * 2003: '']'' | |||
| === Videos/DVDs === | |||
| * 1991: '']'' | |||
| * 1992: '']'' | |||
| * 1994: '']'' | |||
| * 1996: '']'' | |||
| * 1999: '']'' | |||
| * 1999: '']'' | |||
| * 2007: '']'' | |||
| {{col-end}} | |||
| == Tours and concerts == | |||
| {{Main|List of Mariah Carey tours}} | |||
| {{col-begin}} | |||
| {{col-2}} | |||
| * 1993: ] | |||
| * 1996: ] | |||
| * 1998: ] | |||
| * 2000: ] | |||
| * 2003–2004: ] | |||
| * 2006: ] | |||
| {{col-2}} | |||
| * 1998: '']'' | |||
| * 2000: '']'' | |||
| * 2001: '']'' | |||
| * 2005: '']'' | |||
| * 2005: '']'' | |||
| * 2007: Sir Elton John’s charity concert "One Mighty Party". | |||
| {{col-end}} | |||
| == Filmography == | |||
| * '']'' (1999) | |||
| * '']'' (2001) | |||
| * '']'' (episode: "Playing with Matches", 2002) | |||
| * '']'' (2002) | |||
| * '']'' (cameo, 2003) | |||
| * '']'' (2005) | |||
| * '']'' (to be released) | |||
| * '']'' (to be released) | |||
| == Grammy Awards == | |||
| {{Main|Grammy Awards and nominations for Mariah Carey}} | |||
| == Notes == | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| == References == | |||
| <div class="references-small"> | |||
| * Shapiro, Marc. ''Mariah Carey'' (2001). UK: ECW Press, Canada. ISBN 1-55022-444-1. | |||
| * Hardy, Phil. ''The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music: Fully Revised Third Edition'' (2001). pg. 156–157. UK: Faber and Faber Limited. ISBN 0-571-19608-X. | |||
| * Mulholland, Garry. ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music'' (2003). pg. 57. UK: Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN 1-904041-70-1. | |||
| * ''Guinness Rockopedia'' (1998). pg. 74. UK: Guinness Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-85112-072-5. | |||
| * Larkin, Colin. ''The Encyclopedia of Popular Music Volume II: 3rd Edition'' (1998). pg. 934. UK: Muze UK Ltd. ISBN 0-333-74134-X. | |||
| * O'Brien, Lucy. ''She Bop II: The Definitive History of Women in Rock, Pop and Soul'' (2002). pg. 29, 476–481. UK: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-5776-2 (paperback). | |||
| * . '']''. Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| * U.S. charts and sales compiled by '']'' magazine (http://www.billboard.com/) and ] (http://www.soundscan.com/); see http://www.mariahdaily.com/corantofiles/news-archive-1-2006.shtml. Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| * . '']''. Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| * UK charts compiled by The Official UK Charts Company (http://www.theofficialcharts.com/); see http://www.mariah-charts.com/chartdata/UKTop40.htm. Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| * Canadian charts compiled by Jam Canoe (http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/) and Nielsen SoundScan; see http://www.mariah-charts.com/chartdata/Canada.htm. Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| * Australian charts compiled by the Australian Recording Industry Association (http://www.aria.com.au/); see http://www.mariah-charts.com/chartdata/Australia.htm. | |||
| * Japanese charts compiled by ]; see http://www.oricon.co.jp/artists/163336/. Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| * ''People in the News''. ]. Airdate: ], ]. <!-- http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0504/30/pitn.01.html --> | |||
| * '']''. ]. Airdate: ], ]. <!-- http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0212/19/lkl.00.html --> | |||
| * . ].com. ], ]. Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| * Duffy, Mike. . '']''. ], ]. Retrieved from the ] on ], ]. | |||
| * . ]. ], ]. Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| * Norris, John. . ].com. October 2003. Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| * Frere-Jones, Sasha. "On Top: Mariah Carey’s record-breaking career". '']''. ], ]. <!-- http://www.newyorker.com/critics/music/?060403crmu_music --> | |||
| * . MariahCarey.com. Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| * . Retrieved ], ]. | |||
| </div> | |||
| == External links == | |||
| <!-- Please, no fansites. We have a Google directory link. See http://en.wikipedia.org/WP:EL --> | |||
| {{commons|Mariah Carey}} | |||
| {{Wikiquote|Mariah Carey}} | |||
| * | |||
| * at ] | |||
| * {{imdb name|0001014|Mariah Carey}} | |||
| * {{tv.com person|55012|Mariah Carey}} | |||
| * {{people.com}} | |||
| * at ] | |||
| * at Rock on the Net, the official ] website | |||
| {{Mariah Carey discography}} | |||
| {{featured article}} | |||
| {{Persondata | |||
| |NAME=Carey, Mariah | |||
| |ALTERNATIVE NAMES= | |||
| |SHORT DESCRIPTION=Pop singer | |||
| |DATE OF BIRTH=], ] | |||
| |PLACE OF BIRTH=], ] | |||
| |DATE OF DEATH= | |||
| |PLACE OF DEATH= | |||
| }} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Carey, Mariah}} | |||
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Revision as of 19:17, 26 June 2007
stupid!!!!!!!!