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| {{infobox Aircraft | |||
| |name = Tudor | |||
| |type = ] | |||
| |manufacturer = ] | |||
| |image = Image:BSAA Avro Tudor II - G-AKCD - Star Eagle.jpg | |||
| |caption = A B.S.A.A. Avro Tudor 2 | |||
| |designer = ] | |||
| |first flight = ] ] | |||
| |introduced = | |||
| |retired = | |||
| |status = | |||
| |primary user = ] | |||
| |more users = ]<!--up to three more. please separate with <br/>.--> | |||
| |produced = <!--years in production, e.g. 1970-1999, if still in active use but no longer built--> | |||
| |number built = 38 | |||
| |unit cost = | |||
| |variants with their own articles = | |||
| |developed from = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''Avro Tudor''' was a piston-engined ] based on ]'s four-engine ] bomber, itself a descendant of the famous ]. Although it had reasonably long range, customers saw the aircraft as little more than a pressurised ], and few orders were forthcoming. | |||
| ==Design and development== | |||
| Avro began work on the Type 688 Tudor in 1943, following ] for a commercial adaptation of the Lancaster IV bomber, which was later renamed Lincoln. Engineer ], who had worked on the Lancaster, designed the Tudor to incorporate a new ] of circular cross-section, with a useful load of 1,705 kg and a range of 6,400 km.<ref name=vam>{{cite web |url=http://avia.russian.ee/air/england/avro_tudor.html |title=Avro Tudor |work=Virtual Aircraft Museum |accessdate=2006-01-10 }}</ref> | |||
| ==Operational history== | |||
| Two ]s were ordered in March 1944; the first, ], was assembled at Manchester's ] and first flew on ] 1945.<ref name=avro>{{cite web |url=http://www.avromuseum.ca/node/45 | title=Avro Timeline |work=Avro Museum |accessdate=2006-01-10 |date=2005}}</ref> | |||
| Early Tudors had a short, rounded, ] and ]; this was discovered to provide insufficient directional stability, and so in later aircraft a taller, straight-edged, fin/rudder combination of greater overall area was fitted. Chadwick was killed on ] ], aboard a prototype Tudor 2 that crashed due to ] after the ailerons were improperly rigged. | |||
| The Tudor was used as the basis for the ] experimental jet aircraft. | |||
| ==Variants== | |||
| All built by Avro. | |||
| * '''Tudor 1''' : Four-engined airliner for ]. 12 built. | |||
| * '''Tudor 2''' : Prototype. One built. | |||
| * '''Tudor 3''' : VIP transport aircraft. it could seat up to nine passengers. Two built. | |||
| * '''Tudor 4''' : Stretched version. The fuselage was lengthed by 6ft (1.83m). It could seat up to 32 passengers. 11 built. | |||
| ** '''Tudor 4B''' : Small number of Tudor 1s were converted into Tudor 4Bs. | |||
| * '''Tudor 5''' : Powered by four 1,770-hp (1312-kW) ] 621 piston engines. | |||
| * '''Tudor 6''' : Ordered by the Argentinian airline FAMA, but the order was cancelled. None of the airframes were completed. | |||
| * '''Tudor 7''' : This version was fitted with four 1,750-hp (1305-kW) ] 120 radial piston engines. One prototype only. | |||
| * '''Tudor 8''' : Jet version. Tudor 1 '']'' was fitted with four ] turbojet engines. | |||
| * '''Super Trader 4B''' : Re-engined version. Fitted with four 1,760-hp (1305-kW) Rolls-Royce Merlin 23 piston engines. | |||
| * '''Tudor Freighter 1''' : Freight and cargo version. Three aircraft were used by ] during the 1949 ]. | |||
| * '''Type 117A Trader''' : Fitted with a tricycle landing gear. | |||
| ==Operators== | |||
| ;{{flag|Canada|1921}} | |||
| *] | |||
| ;{{UK}} | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ==Specifications (Avro 688 Tudor 1) == | |||
| {{aircraft specifications | |||
| <!-- if you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at ] --> | |||
| |plane or copter?=plane | |||
| |jet or prop?=prop | |||
| |ref=Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II<ref>{{Ref Jane's|The Avro 688 Tudor I|104|wwii}}</ref> | |||
| |crew=5 (two pilots, flight engineer, radio operator, navigator) | |||
| |capacity=24 passengers | |||
| |length main=79 ft 6 in | |||
| |length alt=24.23 m | |||
| |span main=120 ft 0 in | |||
| |span alt=36.58 m | |||
| |height main=22 ft 0 in | |||
| |height alt=6.71 m | |||
| |area main=1,421 ft² | |||
| |area alt=132 m² | |||
| |airfoil= | |||
| <!-- | |||
| |empty weight main= lb | |||
| |empty weight alt= kg | |||
| --> | |||
| |max takeoff weight main=76,000 lb | |||
| |max takeoff weight alt=34,500 kg | |||
| |loaded weight main=66,000 lb | |||
| |loaded weight alt=30,000 kg | |||
| |more general= | |||
| |engine (prop)=] 100 | |||
| |type of prop=12-cylinder ]s | |||
| |number of props=4 | |||
| |power main=1,770 hp | |||
| |power alt=1,320 kW | |||
| |power original= | |||
| |max speed main= 320 mph | |||
| |max speed alt= 512 km/h | |||
| |max speed more= at 8,000 ft (2,440 m) | |||
| |cruise speed main= 283 mph | |||
| |cruise speed alt=453 km/h | |||
| |cruise speed more=at 12,000 ft (3,660 m) | |||
| |range main=3,630 mi | |||
| |range alt= 5,840 km | |||
| |ceiling main=30,100 ft | |||
| |ceiling alt=9,180 m | |||
| |climb rate main=990 ft/min | |||
| |climb rate alt= 5 m/s | |||
| |loading main=53.5 lb/ft² | |||
| |loading alt=261 kg/m² | |||
| |thrust/weight=<!-- a unitless ratio --> | |||
| <!-- | |||
| |power/mass main= hp/lb | |||
| |power/mass alt= W/kg | |||
| --> | |||
| |more performance= | |||
| }} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| * Angelucci, Enzo and Matricardi, Paolo. ''World Aircraft - Commercial Aircraft 1935-1960''. London: Sampson Low Guides, 1979. ISBN 0-562-00125-5. | |||
| * Holmes, Harry. ''Avro - The History of an Aircraft Company''. Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press, 2004. ISBN 1-86126-651-0. | |||
| * Jackson, A.J. ''Avro Aircraft since 1908, 2nd edition''. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-834-8. | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| ==Related content== | |||
| {{aircontent| | |||
| |related= | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| |similar aircraft= | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| |sequence= | |||
| ] - | |||
| ] - | |||
| ] - | |||
| ] - | |||
| '''688''' - | |||
| '''689''' - | |||
| ] - | |||
| ] - | |||
| ] - | |||
| ] | |||
| |lists= | |||
| |see also= | |||
| }} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||