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| '''Karolina Proniewska''' |
'''Karolina Proniewska'''<ref name="name">It is to be noted that in some modern Lithuanian works her name is ] as '''Praniauskaitė'''; as in: {{lt icon}} {{cite web| url=http://samogitia.mch.mii.lt/KULTURA/Zem_rasytojai_Telsiai.htm| title=Žemaitijos rašytojai | accessdate=2007-04-18| first=Danutė| last=Mukienė |date=]| language = Lithuanian }}</ref> (1828 - 1859) was a ]<ref name="Hertz">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =various authors | coauthors =] | title =Zbiór poetów polskich XIX wieku | year =1959 | editor = | pages =347 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =] | location =Warsaw | isbn= | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=EgEdAAAAIAAJ&q=Proniewska&dq=Proniewska&pgis=1 | format = | accessdate =2007-10-09 }}</ref><ref name="Estreicher">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =] | coauthors =] | title =Bibliografia polska | volume =1-2 | year = | editor = | pages = | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =] Press | location =Kraków | isbn=8301060247 | url = | format = | accessdate =2007-10-09 }}</ref>-]n{{fact}} ] poet and translator. Sometimes referred to as a '']n ]''. She is best known as the person to convince ], a great ]n poet and one of the classics of that language, to write in the ].<ref name="Syrnicka">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal| author =Krystyna Syrnicka | year =2002 | month =May | title =Karolina Proniewska - zapomniana poetka ze Żmudzi | journal =Nasz Czas | volume =20 | issue =559 | pages =25 | id = {{ISSN|1641-7933}} {{oclc|69526313}}| language = Polish| url =http://nasz-czas1.tripod.com/025/syrnic.html }}</ref> | ||
| ==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
| Karolina Anna Proniewska, |
Karolina Anna Proniewska, a ]n ],<ref name=EA>{{lt icon}} {{cite book | ||
| | author =Egidijus Aleksandravičius| title =Giesmininko kelias| year =2003| pages = p.82 | | author =Egidijus Aleksandravičius| title =Giesmininko kelias| year =2003| pages = p.82 | ||
| | chapter =| publisher =Versus Aureus| location =Vilnius| isbn =9955-601-00-0 | format = | accessdate =| language = Lithuanian}}</ref><ref name="Hertz" |
| chapter =| publisher =Versus Aureus| location =Vilnius| isbn =9955-601-00-0 | format = | accessdate =| language = Lithuanian}}</ref><ref name="Hertz"/> was born ], ] in ], a small manor near ]<ref name="Baranowski">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =] | coauthors =Józef Jacek Rojek, Mieczysław Jackiewicz, Juozas Vaina | title =Borek oniksztyński | year =1987 | editor = | pages =XV-XVII | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Pojezierze | location =Olsztyn | isbn= | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=86AhAAAAMAAJ&q=Proniewska&dq=Proniewska&pgis=1 | format = | accessdate =2007-10-09 }}</ref>. Her father, Teofil Proniewski of ], was an ] at the local court, while her mother was Eleonora née Dobszewicz. Proniewska started to write poems at the age of seven. Her father died when she was seven and her mother had difficulties supporting both the manor and the family. Notably three Karolina's brothers belonged to close circle of Lithuanian intellectuals and associated their life with Lithuanian nation matters. <ref>Egidijus Aleksandravičius (2003), p.83</ref> The girl suffered from ], and her eldest brother forbade her to read any books or write poetry, which he supposed to would harm her already poor health. She however disobeyed. Soon she moved to Telšiai, where she started working as a teacher. Another of her brothers, ], the personal secretary to the Bishop of Samogitia ]<ref name=EA/>, financed the publication of a book of her poems, which made her famous in the lands of the former ], partly due to publications in the '']''<ref name="Syrnicka"/>, one of the most respected Polish-language newspapers at that time. | ||
| Strongly influenced by ]'s romantic poetry, she is known to have devoted at least one poem to her mentor<ref name="Starnawski">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =various authors | coauthors = | title =Adam Mickiewicz w poezji polskiej i obcej, 1818-1855-1955 | year =1961 | editor =] | pages =211 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =] | location =Wrocław | isbn= | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=XoAwAAAAIAAJ&q=Proniewska&dq=Proniewska&pgis=1 | format = | accessdate =2007-10-09 }}</ref>. Although her published original works were written in the ], with time she also made several translations of Polish-language classics into Lithuanian. Among the most notable of these translations is ''Matka węży'' by ]. The translation is said by some to have an unprecedented impact onto Lithuanian culture and is still considered a fundamental work of Lithuanian high art<ref name="Bojtar">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =Endre Bojtár | coauthors = | title =Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People | year =2000 | editor = | pages =243 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =] Press | location =Budapest | isbn=963-9116-42-4 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=5aoId7nA4bsC&pg=PA243&dq=Proniewska&sig=2gLf201Tgm1Xy9TurIElfSmL37g | format = | accessdate =2007-10-09 }}</ref>. In 1855, through her sister Tekla, she met ], a young poet then working as a clerk at the nearby farm in ]. The couple started to exchange letters and, with time, poems. Proniewska convinced Baranauskas to start writing his poems in the ] as well<ref name="Baranowski"/>. Her brother Otton helped her friend to pass the exams to the Catholic school in ], the only way a poor peasant could gain an education in 19th century Russia. Baranauskas went on to become a scholar of the Lithuanian language, <ref>. ], Lithuanian Classic Literature Anthology.</ref> and wrote what has been described as one of the greatest works in Lithuanian literature, ''Anykyšciu šilelis'' (The Forest of Anykšciai).<ref>. ]</ref> He also went on to become a ] ]. | Strongly influenced by ]'s romantic poetry, she is known to have devoted at least one poem to her mentor<ref name="Starnawski">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =various authors | coauthors = | title =Adam Mickiewicz w poezji polskiej i obcej, 1818-1855-1955 | year =1961 | editor =] | pages =211 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =] | location =Wrocław | isbn= | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=XoAwAAAAIAAJ&q=Proniewska&dq=Proniewska&pgis=1 | format = | accessdate =2007-10-09 }}</ref>. Although her published original works were written in the ], with time she also made several translations of Polish-language classics into Lithuanian. Among the most notable of these translations is ''Matka węży'' by ]. The translation is said by some to have an unprecedented impact onto Lithuanian culture and is still considered a fundamental work of Lithuanian high art<ref name="Bojtar">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author =Endre Bojtár | coauthors = | title =Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People | year =2000 | editor = | pages =243 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =] Press | location =Budapest | isbn=963-9116-42-4 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=5aoId7nA4bsC&pg=PA243&dq=Proniewska&sig=2gLf201Tgm1Xy9TurIElfSmL37g | format = | accessdate =2007-10-09 }}</ref>. In 1855, through her sister Tekla, she met ], a young poet then working as a clerk at the nearby farm in ]. The couple started to exchange letters and, with time, poems. Proniewska convinced Baranauskas to start writing his poems in the ] as well<ref name="Baranowski"/>. Her brother Otton helped her friend to pass the exams to the Catholic school in ], the only way a poor peasant could gain an education in 19th century Russia. Baranauskas went on to become a scholar of the Lithuanian language, <ref>. ], Lithuanian Classic Literature Anthology.</ref> and wrote what has been described as one of the greatest works in Lithuanian literature, ''Anykyšciu šilelis'' (The Forest of Anykšciai).<ref>. ]</ref> He also went on to become a ] ]. | ||
Revision as of 11:09, 9 October 2007
Karolina Proniewska (1828 - 1859) was a Polish-Lithuanian romantic poet and translator. Sometimes referred to as a Samogitian Bard. She is best known as the person to convince Antanas Baranauskas, a great Lithuanian poet and one of the classics of that language, to write in the Lithuanian language.
Biography
Karolina Anna Proniewska, a Samogitian noblewoman, was born January 18, 1828 in Padurbinys, a small manor near Telšiai. Her father, Teofil Proniewski of Korwin, was an assessor at the local court, while her mother was Eleonora née Dobszewicz. Proniewska started to write poems at the age of seven. Her father died when she was seven and her mother had difficulties supporting both the manor and the family. Notably three Karolina's brothers belonged to close circle of Lithuanian intellectuals and associated their life with Lithuanian nation matters. The girl suffered from tuberculosis, and her eldest brother forbade her to read any books or write poetry, which he supposed to would harm her already poor health. She however disobeyed. Soon she moved to Telšiai, where she started working as a teacher. Another of her brothers, Otton Proniewski, the personal secretary to the Bishop of Samogitia Motiejus Valančius, financed the publication of a book of her poems, which made her famous in the lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, partly due to publications in the Warsaw Gazette, one of the most respected Polish-language newspapers at that time.
Strongly influenced by Adam Mickiewicz's romantic poetry, she is known to have devoted at least one poem to her mentor. Although her published original works were written in the Polish language, with time she also made several translations of Polish-language classics into Lithuanian. Among the most notable of these translations is Matka węży by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski. The translation is said by some to have an unprecedented impact onto Lithuanian culture and is still considered a fundamental work of Lithuanian high art. In 1855, through her sister Tekla, she met Antanas Baranauskas, a young poet then working as a clerk at the nearby farm in Seda. The couple started to exchange letters and, with time, poems. Proniewska convinced Baranauskas to start writing his poems in the Lithuanian language as well. Her brother Otton helped her friend to pass the exams to the Catholic school in Varniai, the only way a poor peasant could gain an education in 19th century Russia. Baranauskas went on to become a scholar of the Lithuanian language, and wrote what has been described as one of the greatest works in Lithuanian literature, Anykyšciu šilelis (The Forest of Anykšciai). He also went on to become a Roman Catholic bishop.
It is commonly accepted that Proniewska had been his friend, good spirit and patron. However, soon before Proniewska's death, she ordered all their letters and her memoirs burnt, and little documentation of their relationship has survived. She died at the age of 31, on May 26, 1859, and was buried at a local cemetery in Utena, where she spent the last months of her life. No pictures of her have survived.
Notes and references
- It is to be noted that in some modern Lithuanian works her name is Lithuanized as Praniauskaitė; as in: Template:Lt icon Mukienė, Danutė (2003-05-15). "Žemaitijos rašytojai" (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 2007-04-18.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Template:Pl icon various authors (1959). Zbiór poetów polskich XIX wieku. Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. p. 347. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|chapterurl=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Template:Pl icon Karol Estreicher. Bibliografia polska. Vol. 1–2. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press. ISBN 8301060247.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|chapterurl=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Template:Pl icon Krystyna Syrnicka (2002). "Karolina Proniewska - zapomniana poetka ze Żmudzi". Nasz Czas (in Polish). 20 (559): 25. ISSN 1641-7933 OCLC 69526313.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Template:Lt icon Egidijus Aleksandravičius (2003). Giesmininko kelias (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Versus Aureus. pp. p.82. ISBN 9955-601-00-0.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help) - ^ Template:Pl icon Antoni Baranowski (1987). Borek oniksztyński. Olsztyn: Pojezierze. pp. XV–XVII. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|chapterurl=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Egidijus Aleksandravičius (2003), p.83
- Template:Pl icon various authors (1961). Jerzy Starnawski (ed.). Adam Mickiewicz w poezji polskiej i obcej, 1818-1855-1955. Wrocław: Ossolineum. p. 211. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|chapterurl=and|coauthors=(help) - Template:En icon Endre Bojtár (2000). Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People. Budapest: Central European University Press. p. 243. ISBN 963-9116-42-4. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|chapterurl=and|coauthors=(help) - Antanas Baranauskas. UNESCO, Lithuanian Classic Literature Anthology.
- Antanas Baranuskas. Encyclopedia Brittanica
- Template:Lt icon Regina Mikšytė (1964). Antano Baranausko kūryba. Vilnius: Vaga. pp. 37–50. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|chapterurl=and|coauthors=(help)