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| ==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
| Karolina Anna Proniewska, a ],<ref name=EA>{{lt icon}} {{cite book | |||
| | author =Egidijus Aleksandravičius| title =Giesmininko kelias| year =2003| pages = p.82 | Karolina Anna Proniewska, a ]n ],<ref name=EA>{{lt icon}} {{cite book| author =Egidijus Aleksandravičius| title =Giesmininko kelias| year =2003| pages = p.82 | ||
| | chapter =| publisher =Versus Aureus| location =Vilnius| isbn =9955-601-00-0 | format = | accessdate =| language = Lithuanian}}</ref><ref name="Hertz"/> was born ], ] in ], a small manor near ],<ref name="Baranowski">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =] | coauthors =Józef Jacek Rojek, Mieczysław Jackiewicz, Juozas Vaina | title =Borek oniksztyński (Forest of Onikszta) | year =1987 | editor = | pages =XV-XVII | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Pojezierze | location =Olsztyn | isbn= | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=86AhAAAAMAAJ&q=Proniewska&dq=Proniewska&pgis=1 | format = | accessdate =2007-10-09 }}</ref> then part of the ], where ] predominated.<ref name="Lituanica">{{cite encyclopedia | author= |coauthors= |editor= |encyclopedia=] |title=Karolina Praniauskaite |url=http://www.spaudos.lt/Istorija/K_Praniauskaite.en.htm |accessdate=2007-10-09|year=1970-1978 |publisher=Lithuanian Encyclopedia Press |volume=I-VI |location=Boston, Mass. |id= |doi= |pages= |quote= }}</ref> Her father, Teofil Proniewski of ], was an ] at the local court, while her mother was Eleonora née Dobszewicz. Proniewska started to write poems at the age of seven. Her father died when she was seven and her mother had difficulties supporting both the manor and the family. Three of Karolina's brothers belonged to a close circle of Lithuanian intellectuals who were strongly involved with the growing Lithuanian national movement.<ref>Egidijus Aleksandravičius (2003), p.83</ref> As a girl she suffered from ], and her eldest brother forbade her to read any books or write poetry, which he supposed would harm her already poor health. She disobeyed. Soon she moved to Telšiai, where she started working as a teacher. Another of her brothers, ], the personal secretary to the Bishop of Samogitia ],<ref name=EA/> financed the publication of a book of her poems, which made her regionally famous, partly due to publications in the ''],''<ref name="Syrnicka"/> one of the most respected Polish-language newspapers of the time. | | chapter =| publisher =Versus Aureus| location =Vilnius| isbn =9955-601-00-0 | format = | accessdate =| language = Lithuanian}}</ref><ref name="Hertz"/> was born ], ] in ], a small manor near ],<ref name="Baranowski">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =] | coauthors =Józef Jacek Rojek, Mieczysław Jackiewicz, Juozas Vaina | title =Borek oniksztyński (Forest of Onikszta) | year =1987 | editor = | pages =XV-XVII | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Pojezierze | location =Olsztyn | isbn= | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=86AhAAAAMAAJ&q=Proniewska&dq=Proniewska&pgis=1 | format = | accessdate =2007-10-09 }}</ref> then part of the ], where ] predominated.<ref name="Lituanica">{{cite encyclopedia | author= |coauthors= |editor= |encyclopedia=] |title=Karolina Praniauskaite |url=http://www.spaudos.lt/Istorija/K_Praniauskaite.en.htm |accessdate=2007-10-09|year=1970-1978 |publisher=Lithuanian Encyclopedia Press |volume=I-VI |location=Boston, Mass. |id= |doi= |pages= |quote= }}</ref> Her father, Teofil Proniewski of ], was an ] at the local court, while her mother was Eleonora née Dobszewicz. Proniewska started to write poems at the age of seven. Her father died when she was seven and her mother had difficulties supporting both the manor and the family. Three of Karolina's brothers belonged to a close circle of Lithuanian intellectuals who were strongly involved with the growing Lithuanian national movement.<ref>Egidijus Aleksandravičius (2003), p.83</ref> As a girl she suffered from ], and her eldest brother forbade her to read any books or write poetry, which he supposed would harm her already poor health. She disobeyed. Soon she moved to Telšiai, where she started working as a teacher. Another of her brothers, ], the personal secretary to the Bishop of Samogitia ],<ref name=EA/> financed the publication of a book of her poems, which made her regionally famous, partly due to publications in the ''],''<ref name="Syrnicka"/> one of the most respected Polish-language newspapers of the time. | ||
Revision as of 19:55, 10 October 2007
Karolina Proniewska or Karolina Praniauskaitė (1828 - 1859) was a romantic poet and translator who wrote in the Lithuanian and Polish languages. Born in Samogitia, then a part of the Russian Empire, she is sometimes referred to as a Samogitian Bard. Her fame is based largely on her association with Antanas Baranauskas, a great Lithuanian poet and one of the classic authors of that language, whom she persuaded to write in the Lithuanian language.
Biography
Karolina Anna Proniewska, a Samogitian noblewoman, was born January 18, 1828 in Padubysys, a small manor near Telšiai, then part of the Russian Empire, where Polish culture predominated. Her father, Teofil Proniewski of Korwin, was an assessor at the local court, while her mother was Eleonora née Dobszewicz. Proniewska started to write poems at the age of seven. Her father died when she was seven and her mother had difficulties supporting both the manor and the family. Three of Karolina's brothers belonged to a close circle of Lithuanian intellectuals who were strongly involved with the growing Lithuanian national movement. As a girl she suffered from tuberculosis, and her eldest brother forbade her to read any books or write poetry, which he supposed would harm her already poor health. She disobeyed. Soon she moved to Telšiai, where she started working as a teacher. Another of her brothers, Otton Proniewski, the personal secretary to the Bishop of Samogitia Motiejus Valančius, financed the publication of a book of her poems, which made her regionally famous, partly due to publications in the Warsaw Gazette, one of the most respected Polish-language newspapers of the time.
Strongly influenced by Adam Mickiewicz's romantic poetry, she is known to have devoted at least one poem to him. Although her published original works were written in the Polish language, with time she also made several translations of Polish-language classics into Lithuanian. Among the most notable of these translations is Matka węży by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski. The translation is said by some to have an unprecedented impact onto Lithuanian culture and is still considered a fundamental work of Lithuanian high art.
In 1855, through her sister Tekla, she met Antanas Baranauskas, a young poet then working as a clerk at the nearby farm in Seda. The couple started to exchange letters and, with time, poems. Proniewska convinced Baranauskas to start writing his poems in the Lithuanian language as well. Her brother Otton helped her friend to pass the exams to the Catholic school in Varniai, the only way a poor peasant could gain an education in 19th century Russia. Baranauskas went on to become a scholar of the Lithuanian language, and wrote what has been described as one of the greatest works in Lithuanian literature, Anykyšciu šilelis (The Forest of Anykšciai). He also went on to become a Roman Catholic bishop.
It is commonly accepted that Proniewska had been his friend, good spirit and patron. However, soon before Proniewska's death, she ordered all their letters and her memoirs burnt, and little documentation of their relationship has survived. She died at the age of 31, on May 26, 1859, and was buried at a local cemetery in Utena, where she spent the last months of her life. No pictures of her have survived.
Notes and references
- Template:Lt icon Mukienė, Danutė (2003-05-15). "Žemaitijos rašytojai (Writers from Samogitia)". Retrieved 2007-04-18.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ Template:Pl icon Krystyna Syrnicka (2002). "Karolina Proniewska - zapomniana poetka ze Żmudzi (Karolina Proniewska, a forgotten poet from Samogitia)". Nasz Czas (in Polish). 20 (559): 25. ISSN 1641-7933 OCLC 69526313.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Template:Pl icon various authors (1959). Zbiór poetów polskich XIX wieku (Anthology of Polish poets of 19th century). Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. p. 347. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|chapterurl=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Template:Pl icon Karol Estreicher. Bibliografia polska (Polish bibliography). Vol. 1–2. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press. ISBN 8301060247.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|chapterurl=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Template:Lt icon Egidijus Aleksandravičius (2003). Giesmininko kelias (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Versus Aureus. pp. p.82. ISBN 9955-601-00-0.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help) - ^ Template:Pl icon Antoni Baranowski (1987). Borek oniksztyński (Forest of Onikszta). Olsztyn: Pojezierze. pp. XV–XVII. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|chapterurl=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - "Karolina Praniauskaite". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. I–VI. Boston, Mass.: Lithuanian Encyclopedia Press. 1970–1978. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)CS1 maint: date format (link) - Egidijus Aleksandravičius (2003), p.83
- Template:Pl icon various authors (1961). Jerzy Starnawski (ed.). Adam Mickiewicz w poezji polskiej i obcej, 1818-1855-1955 (Adam Mickiewicz in Polish and foreign poetry). Wrocław: Ossolineum. p. 211. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|chapterurl=and|coauthors=(help) - Endre Bojtár (2000). Foreward to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People. Budapest: Central European University Press. p. 243. ISBN 963-9116-42-4. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|chapterurl=and|coauthors=(help) - Antanas Baranauskas. UNESCO, Lithuanian Classic Literature Anthology.
- Antanas Baranuskas. Encyclopedia Brittanica
- Template:Lt icon Regina Mikšytė (1964). Antano Baranausko kūryba. Vilnius: Vaga. pp. 37–50. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|chapterurl=and|coauthors=(help)