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'''Anton Andreyevich Golovaty''' ({{lang-ru|Антон Андреевич Головатый}}, {{lang-ua|Антiн Андрійович Головатий}} Antin Andriyovvch Holovaty; 1744 – {{OldStyleDate|January 28|1797|February 19}}) was the founder of the ] which later would become the ]. '''Antin Andriyovych Holovaty''' ({{lang-ua|Антiн Андрійович Головатий}}; {{lang-ru|Антон Андреевич Головатый}}, Anton Andreevich Golovaty; 1744 – {{OldStyleDate|January 28|1797|February 19}}) was the founder of the ] which later would become the ].


== Early years == == Early years ==
⚫ Golovaty was born in Kiev and studied at the ] Academy, which he left in ], and joined the Kushchivsky ] of the ]. It is thought that the reason for this was to complete his studies as an officer as this was the only manner to become successful, and in the 1760s was elected to be the ] of that Kuren, which helped him raise his social standing.


Holovaty was raised and educated at the ] Academy, leaving it in 1756.
⚫ By 1764, because of his education and being literate he received the rank of colonel and was given the position of Military secretary. In that year as part of the Zaporozhian delegation headed by ] Fedorov, Golovaty was a delegate at the coronation of ] and recieved and was awarded with silver medal by her.
⚫ At the age of 13 in 1757 Holovaty joins the ] of the ]. It is thought that the reason for this was to complete his studies as an officer as this was the only manner to become successful.
⚫ At the beginning of the 1760's Holovaty was chosen to become the ] of the ] which helped him raise his social standing. By 1764, because of his education and his literacy he received the rank of colonel and was elevated to the position of Military secretary. In that year as part of the Zaporozhian delegation headed by ] Fedoriv, Holovaty was a delegate at the coronation of Katherine II of Russia and received from her a silver medal.


Knowing that the end of the Crimean Khanate would result in the eventual dissolution of the Zaporozhian Host, and put forward a plan to re-organize the Sich and lands it owned in a manner similar to how the ] was organised. This project was given for consideration to Russian authorities, but was not accepted. Instead in 1775 the Zaporozhian Sich was dissolved and his plans were exposed to other Zaporozhians who ceased to trust him. Holovaty knew that the end of the ] was being proposed in Petersburg. He put forward a plan to re-organize the Zaporozhian Sich and associated lands in a manner similar to how the ] had been recently reformed. This project was forwarded for consideration to Katherine II and G. Potemkin, however it was not accepted. The Russian government had already made tthe decision to destroy the Zaporozhian Sich. Holovaty's plan however, became known to the old Zaporozhians, and as a result of these political moves he lost his credibility.


== post-Zaporozhian life == == Destruction of the Sich ==
With the destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich in 1775 only a few of the higher level Cossacks were repressed, and Golovaty owning to his Captain in the Russian Cavalry which he had obtained form the Empress, was granted an official nobility (dvoryanstvo) title and recieved lands which he began to build a farming enterprise on.


With the destruction of the ] in 1775 many of the more senior Cossacks were repressed by the Russian government. Holovaty was able to sidestep these repressions because of the rank of Captain which he was awarded from the Imperatoress. Holovaty retired from the Cossack Host and for a short time put his energies into building up his own farming properties.
⚫ However, despite the dissolution ], a threat arose from the ], and was strengthened by the several runaway Zaporozhians who formed the ]. He served as chancellor of the Zaporozhian Host and colonel of the ].


⚫ After the dissolution of the ], a new threat arose from the Ottoman Empire, which was strengthened by the exiled Zaporozhian Cossacks who had formed the ].
⚫ With the ] imminnent ] in ] put Golovaty as the ] of the new ''Host of the loyal Zaporozhians'' made from ex-Zaporozhian volunteers <ref>V.Golubtsky ''Black Sea Cossack Host'' from the Large Soviet Encyclopedia .</ref> and Golovaty was placed as its Ataman (Commander).

In 1787 Holovaty returned to active duty and helped organize the army of Loyal Cossacks, which was later renamed ].

⚫ His assistance to the Russian Army in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-91, particularly in capture of Berezan fortress, gaining the tsar's favour. At this time Holovaty received the rank of Captain in the Russian Cavalry. The Russian authorities, under the initiative of ], chose to regenerate the Cossacks, calling it the ''Host of the loyal Zaporozhians'' in 1787.<ref>V.Golubtsky ''Black Sea Cossack Host'' for the Large Soviet Encyclopedia .</ref> and Holovaty was placed as its '']'' (Commander).




==Settlement in the Kuban == ==Settlement in the Kuban ==


The new host, renamed the ] in ] played a crucial role in the ], and for that the Russian Empress rewarded them with the ] territory in the ], an uninhabited steppe region that was gained by the Russian Empire in 1784, which was nonetheless crucial as a foothold for the Russian expansion into the ]. A total of 25,000 men made the migration in 1792-93, settling on the regions north of the ]. The new host played a crucial role in the ], and for that the Russian Empress rewarded them with the ] territory in the ], an uninhabited steppe region that was gained by the Russian Empire in 1784, which was nonetheless crucial as a foothold for the Russian expansion into the ]. Renamed the ] in 1788, a total of 25,000 men made the migration in 1792-93, settling on the regions north of the ].


Golovaty was the new head of the Host, he set his priorities in forming the new defense line against Circassian raids. (see ]). During the Persian campaign of 1796-97 he commanded two corps of Black Sea Cossacks within the Russian ]. Holovaty was the new head of the Host, he set his priorities in forming the new defense line against Circassian raids. (see ]). During the Persian campaign of 1796-97 he commanded two corps of Black Sea Cossacks within the Russian ].


==Cultural figure== ==Cultural figure==


Golovaty was a renowned poet in his day. To his pen are dedicated a number of poems some of which became songs in the Ukrainian language. It is known that ] noted some down and included them in his kobzar. Holovaty was a renowned poet in his day. To his pen are dedicated a number of poems some of which became songs in the Ukrainian language. It is known that ] noted some down and included them in his kobzar.
Shevchenko originally mentioned Golovaty in a number of his poems, however reflecting on Golovaty's later actions removed his name. He also drew a portrait of him. Shevchenko originally mentioned Holovaty in a number of his poems, however reflecting on Holovaty's later actions removed his name. He also drew a portrait of him.


Because of his noble education he was also well versed in music and was an accomplished ] player. Because of his noble education he was also well versed in music and was an accomplished ] player.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Golovaty}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Holovaty}}
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Revision as of 17:19, 27 November 2007

Antin Andriyovych Holovaty (Template:Lang-ua; Template:Lang-ru, Anton Andreevich Golovaty; 1744 – January 28 [O.S. February 19] 1797) was the founder of the Black Sea Cossack Host which later would become the Kuban Cossack Host.

Early years

Holovaty was raised and educated at the Kiev-Mohyla Academy, leaving it in 1756. At the age of 13 in 1757 Holovaty joins the Kushchivsky kurin of the Pidpelnensky Sich. It is thought that the reason for this was to complete his studies as an officer as this was the only manner to become successful. At the beginning of the 1760's Holovaty was chosen to become the Otaman of the kurin which helped him raise his social standing. By 1764, because of his education and his literacy he received the rank of colonel and was elevated to the position of Military secretary. In that year as part of the Zaporozhian delegation headed by koshovy Fedoriv, Holovaty was a delegate at the coronation of Katherine II of Russia and received from her a silver medal.

Holovaty knew that the end of the Zaporozhian Sich was being proposed in Petersburg. He put forward a plan to re-organize the Zaporozhian Sich and associated lands in a manner similar to how the Don Cossack Host had been recently reformed. This project was forwarded for consideration to Katherine II and G. Potemkin, however it was not accepted. The Russian government had already made tthe decision to destroy the Zaporozhian Sich. Holovaty's plan however, became known to the old Zaporozhians, and as a result of these political moves he lost his credibility.

Destruction of the Sich

With the destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich in 1775 many of the more senior Cossacks were repressed by the Russian government. Holovaty was able to sidestep these repressions because of the rank of Captain which he was awarded from the Imperatoress. Holovaty retired from the Cossack Host and for a short time put his energies into building up his own farming properties.

After the dissolution of the Zaporozhian Host, a new threat arose from the Ottoman Empire, which was strengthened by the exiled Zaporozhian Cossacks who had formed the Danubian Sich.

In 1787 Holovaty returned to active duty and helped organize the army of Loyal Cossacks, which was later renamed Black Sea Cossack Host.

His assistance to the Russian Army in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-91, particularly in capture of Berezan fortress, gaining the tsar's favour. At this time Holovaty received the rank of Captain in the Russian Cavalry. The Russian authorities, under the initiative of Grigory Potemkin, chose to regenerate the Cossacks, calling it the Host of the loyal Zaporozhians in 1787. and Holovaty was placed as its Otaman (Commander).


Settlement in the Kuban

The new host played a crucial role in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792), and for that the Russian Empress rewarded them with the Kuban territory in the North Caucasus, an uninhabited steppe region that was gained by the Russian Empire in 1784, which was nonetheless crucial as a foothold for the Russian expansion into the Caucasus. Renamed the Black Sea Cossack Host in 1788, a total of 25,000 men made the migration in 1792-93, settling on the regions north of the Kuban River.

Holovaty was the new head of the Host, he set his priorities in forming the new defense line against Circassian raids. (see Caucasus War). During the Persian campaign of 1796-97 he commanded two corps of Black Sea Cossacks within the Russian Imperial Army.

Cultural figure

Holovaty was a renowned poet in his day. To his pen are dedicated a number of poems some of which became songs in the Ukrainian language. It is known that Taras Shevchenko noted some down and included them in his kobzar. Shevchenko originally mentioned Holovaty in a number of his poems, however reflecting on Holovaty's later actions removed his name. He also drew a portrait of him.

Because of his noble education he was also well versed in music and was an accomplished bandura player.

Notes

  1. V.Golubtsky Black Sea Cossack Host for the Large Soviet Encyclopedia Retrieved on 22nd April 2007.

Sources

Encyclopedia of the Ukrainian Cossacks - Published by the Zaporizhia State University

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