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Revision as of 21:05, 15 January 2008 editPmanderson (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers62,752 edits retag after revert warrior.← Previous edit Revision as of 00:02, 16 January 2008 edit undoPiotrus (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Event coordinators, Extended confirmed users, File movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers286,447 edits restored to a useful version, but the last part is a bit unclear, and I don't see how relevant is the political history fo the Dukes to the history of the Duchy...Next edit →
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⚫ The '''Duchy of Pless''' or the '''Duchy of Pszczyna''',<ref name="Janczak">{{en icon}} Julian Janczak, ''(An outline for the History of Cartography till the End of the 18th century)'', Opole: 1976; ], ]: Institute of History of Science, Education and Technology, 1993, ISBN 83-86062-00-2. Accessed 2008-13-01. <br />'''^''' Tadeusz Walichnowski, (''Przynaleznosc terytorialna archiwaliow Panstwa Polskiego w stosunkach miedzynarodowych''), Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw, 1977. Polish State Archives. <br />'''^'''''Nagel's Encyclopedia Guide, ]'' by Nagel Publishers, 1989, 399 pages, ISBN 2826308181. Accessed 2008-13-01.</ref> ({{lang-de|Herzogtum Pleß}}, {{lang-pl|Księstwo Pszczyńskie}}) was a ], with its capital at Pless (], ]).
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⚫ At first the lands of Pszczyna were a part of ] ({{lang-pl|Małopolska}}), but in 1178 King of Poland ] gave them to one of the Dukes of Silesia, ], who attached it to his two other duchies, ] and of ]. ] was forced to accept ]ization by ] in 1327, putting the Duchy in the ]n sphere of influence up until his death in 1336. For a time, the Duchy was ruled by the Czech ]. From 1412 until 1452, Helena, sister of ], ruled the Duchy. Her stepdaughter governed it from 1452 until 1462. Later, the ] took over, and the Duchy became a part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. The ] family acquired the Duchy and sold it in 1548 to the ] family, who ruled the Duchy with the approval of ] until ].
⚫ The '''Duchy of Pless''' or the '''Duchy of Pszczyna''',<ref name="Janczak">{{en icon}} Julian Janczak, ''(An outline for the History of Cartography till the End of the 18th century)'', Opole: 1976; ], ]: Institute of History of Science, Education and Technology, 1993, ISBN 83-86062-00-2. Accessed 2008-13-01. <br />'''^''' Tadeusz Walichnowski, (''Przynaleznosc terytorialna archiwaliow Panstwa Polskiego w stosunkach miedzynarodowych''), Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw, 1977. Polish State Archives. <br />'''^'''''Nagel's Encyclopedia Guide, ]'' by Nagel Publishers, 1989, 399 pages, ISBN 2826308181. Accessed 2008-13-01.</ref> ({{lang-de|Herzogtum Pleß}}, {{lang-pl|Księstwo Pszczyńskie}}) was a ], with its capital at Pless (], now in ]).


⚫ In the ] most of Silesia was conquered by ]; but the Dukes, and later Princes, of Pless would remain the rulers of the territory. The Dukes of Anhalt-Cöthen-Pless inherited it in 1765 (being descended from the earlier dukes in the female line), the last of them died in 1847, and was succeeded by Count ]. The Hochbergs were among the wealthiest families of Germany.<ref>Hans Heinrich X, XI, and XIV; the dynastic numbering was, like other princely families, given to all males of the House</ref>
⚫ At first the lands of Pszczyna were a part of ] ({{lang-pl|Małopolska}}), but in 1178 King of Poland ] gave them to one of the Dukes of Silesia, ], who attached it to his two other duchies, ] and of ]. ] was forced to accept ]ization by ] in 1327, putting the Duchy in the ]n sphere of influence up until his death in 1336. For a time, the Duchy was ruled by the Czech ]. From 1412 until 1452, Helena, sister of ], ruled the Duchy. Her stepdaughter governed it from 1452 until 1462. Later, the ] took over, and the Duchy became a part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. The ] family acquired the Duchy and sold it in 1548 to the ] family, who ruled the Duchy with the approval of ] until ].


⚫ The control of the Princes of Pless was not absolute; the ],<ref>Victor Moritz Karl, prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, also ]; younger brother of ], later Chancellor, who had given up the family estates. Half of the district belonged to the Prince of Pless; the Hohenlohes owned much of the rest.</ref> had represented the district of Pless-Rybnik in the parliament of the ], was defeated in the first election to the Imperial German Reichstag, in 1871, although Hans Heinrich XI von Hochberg endorsed him.{{clarifyme}} In 1903, the ] delegation from Silesia was largely replaced, although by very thin majorities, by the Polish National Democrats.<ref> Anderson, p.1464-68.</ref>
⚫ In the ] most of Silesia was conquered by ]; but the Dukes, and later Princes, of Pless would remain. The Dukes of Anhalt-Cöthen-Pless inherited it in 1765, succeeded by Count Hans Heinrich X of Hochberg. The Hochbergs were among the wealthiest families of Germany.<ref>Hans Heinrich X, XI, and XIV; the dynastic numbering was, like other princely families, given to all males of the House</ref>


⚫ Hans Heinrich XIV succeeded in 1907; married to ]. The lands retained a large Polish-speaking majority (86% in the Prussian Census of 1867) and were reattached to Poland in 1922, as part of the settlement after the ].
⚫ The control of the Princes of Pless was not absolute; the ],<ref>Victor Moritz Karl, prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, also ]; younger brother of ], later Chancellor, who had given up the family estates. Half of the district belonged to the Prince of Pless; the Hohenlohes owned much of the rest.</ref> who had represented the district of Pless-Rybnik in the parliament of the ], was defeated in the first election to the Imperial German Reichstag, in 1871, although Hans Heinrich XI von Hochberg endorsed him. In 1903, the ]'s delegation from Silesia was largely replaced, although by very thin majorities, by the Polish National Democrats.<ref> Anderson, p.1464-68.</ref>

⚫ Hans Heinrich XIV succeeded in 1907; married to ]. The lands retained a large Polish-speaking majority (86% in the Prussian Census of 1867) and were reattached to Poland in 1922, as part of the settlement after the ].


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}
*Margaret Lavinia Anderson, "" ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 98, No. 5. (Dec., 1993), pp. 1448-1474. ] link. *Margaret Lavinia Anderson, "" ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 98, No. 5. (Dec., 1993), pp. 1448-1474. ] link.
*Theodor G. Ahrens, "" ''Journal of Mammalogy'', Vol. 2, No. 2. (May, 1921), pp. 58-62.] link. *Theodor G. Ahrens, "" ''Journal of Mammalogy'', Vol. 2, No. 2. (May, 1921), pp. 58-62.] link.
*'']'', by Herself. New York (1929) Ed. and Introd. by Maj. Desmond Chapman-Huston. *'']'', by Herself. New York (1929) Ed. and Introd. by Maj. Desmond Chapman-Huston.



] ]

Revision as of 00:02, 16 January 2008

The Duchy of Pless or the Duchy of Pszczyna, (Template:Lang-de, Template:Lang-pl) was a duchy of Silesia, with its capital at Pless (Pszczyna, Poland).

At first the lands of Pszczyna were a part of Little Poland (Template:Lang-pl), but in 1178 King of Poland Casimir II the Just gave them to one of the Dukes of Silesia, Mieszko I Tanglefoot, who attached it to his two other duchies, Duchy of Opole and of Racibórz. Leszek Pszczyński was forced to accept vassalization by John I of Bohemia in 1327, putting the Duchy in the Bohemian sphere of influence up until his death in 1336. For a time, the Duchy was ruled by the Czech Přemyslid dynasty. From 1412 until 1452, Helena, sister of Jogaila, ruled the Duchy. Her stepdaughter governed it from 1452 until 1462. Later, the House of Podebrady took over, and the Duchy became a part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. The Thurzó family acquired the Duchy and sold it in 1548 to the Promnitz family, who ruled the Duchy with the approval of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor until 1765.

In the War of the Austrian Succession most of Silesia was conquered by Prussia; but the Dukes, and later Princes, of Pless would remain the rulers of the territory. The Dukes of Anhalt-Cöthen-Pless inherited it in 1765 (being descended from the earlier dukes in the female line), the last of them died in 1847, and was succeeded by Count Hans Heinrich X of Hochberg. The Hochbergs were among the wealthiest families of Germany.

The control of the Princes of Pless was not absolute; the Duke of Ratibor, had represented the district of Pless-Rybnik in the parliament of the North German Confederation, was defeated in the first election to the Imperial German Reichstag, in 1871, although Hans Heinrich XI von Hochberg endorsed him. In 1903, the Centre Party's delegation from Silesia was largely replaced, although by very thin majorities, by the Polish National Democrats.

Hans Heinrich XIV succeeded in 1907; married to Daisy, Princess of Pless. The lands retained a large Polish-speaking majority (86% in the Prussian Census of 1867) and were reattached to Poland in 1922, as part of the settlement after the Silesian Uprisings.

References

  1. Template:En icon Julian Janczak, "Duchy+of+Pszczyna"&dq="Duchy+of+Pszczyna"&pgis=1 Zarys dziejów kartografii śląskiej do końca XVIII wieku (An outline for the History of Cartography till the End of the 18th century), Opole: 1976; Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw: Institute of History of Science, Education and Technology, 1993, ISBN 83-86062-00-2. Accessed 2008-13-01.
    ^ Tadeusz Walichnowski, Territorial Provenance of Archival Documents in International Relations (Przynaleznosc terytorialna archiwaliow Panstwa Polskiego w stosunkach miedzynarodowych), Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw, 1977. Polish State Archives.
    ^Nagel's Encyclopedia Guide, Poland by Nagel Publishers, 1989, 399 pages, ISBN 2826308181. Accessed 2008-13-01.
  2. Hans Heinrich X, XI, and XIV; the dynastic numbering was, like other princely families, given to all males of the House
  3. Victor Moritz Karl, prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, also Prince of Corvey; younger brother of Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, later Chancellor, who had given up the family estates. Half of the district belonged to the Prince of Pless; the Hohenlohes owned much of the rest.
  4. Anderson, p.1464-68.
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