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'''Trenčín''' ({{lang-de|Trentschin}}; {{lang-hu|Trencsén}}; ]: ''Laugaricio'') is a ] in western ] of the central ] River valley near the ] border, around 120 km from ]. It has a population of more than 56,000 and covers area of 82 km² and is the seat of the ] and the ]. It has a ], standing on a rock above the city. '''Trenčín''' (in ]) is a ] in western ] of the central ] River valley near the ] border, around 120 km from ]. It has a population of more than 56,000 and covers area of 82 km² and is the seat of the ] and the ]. It has a ], standing on a rock above the city.


==History== ==History==

Revision as of 00:24, 18 January 2008

Template:Geobox

Trenčín (in other languages) is a city in western Slovakia of the central Váh River valley near the Czech border, around 120 km from Bratislava. It has a population of more than 56,000 and covers area of 82 km² and is the seat of the Trenčín Region and the Trenčín District. It has a medieval castle, standing on a rock above the city.

History

The site of Trenčín has been inhabited since time immemorial. Trenčín Castle ,a typical medieval fortified castle is situated high on a rock above the city. Trenčín is best known for a Roman inscription on the rock below the Trenčín Castle dating from 179 AD, the era of the Marcomannic Wars, a series of wars between the Roman Empire and the Germanic Quadi. It denotes the site as Laugaricio and is the most northern evidence of the presence of Roman soldiers in central Europe. Under its Greek name Leukaristos. Trenčín was also depicted on the Ptolemy world map (about 150 AD).

It is plausible that Trenčín Castle was founded during the Great Moravian era. By the end of the 11th century it had become the administrative centre of Trenčín county. As one of the few stone castles in the Kingdom of Hungary it resisted the disastrous invasion of Mongols in 1241. In 1263 Trenčín was in the possession of Jakab Cseszneky royal swordbearer, but in 1302 King Wenceslas I took it away from the Cseszneky brothers because they were supporting his rival Charles Robert, and donated it to Matthew Csák. Between 1302 and 1321 the castle was the seat of the powerful magnate Matthew Csák who controlled most of what is now present-day Slovakia. Challenging the authority of king Charles Robert Matthew Csák maintained a large court and pursued his own foreign policy.

Trenčín gained a number of privileges during the Middle Ages: In 1324 the inhabitants were freed from paying tolls and in 1412 King Sigismund upgraded Trenčín's status to that of a free royal town. However during the following decades and centuries there were catastrophes and wars which lasted until the end of the 18th century. During the conflict between the Habsburgs and the supporters of the rival king, John I, the town was captured in 1528 by imperial troops. In the 17th century the Ottomans were another threat from the south but they failed to conquer the city. The town then suffered from the Kuruc uprising against the Habsburgs and on 3rd August 1708 the Battle of Trenčín took place close to the city. Two years later a plague killed 1600 inhabitants of the city. Finally, in 1790 the town, along with the castle, was burned down and the castle has been in ruins ever since.

In the 19th century Trenčín flourished, as the railways to Žilina and Bratislava were built and many new enterprises were established, particularly in the textile, food, and machine industries and the town became the hub of the middle Považie (Váh) region. In 1867 Trenčín was downgraded from a "free royal town" to a "town with municipal government" and came under the direct control of the chief of Trenčín county. Trenčín flourished again during the era of the first Czechoslovak republic and became the capital of the Trenčín county again between 1940-1945 when the puppet Slovak Republic was in existence. Shortly after the Slovak National Uprising began, Trenčín was occupied by Nazi Germany and it became the headquarters of the Sicherheitsdienst and the Gestapo and a prison camp was placed there. Trenčín was captured by the Soviet troops on 10 April 1945.

Since 1990, the historical centre of the city has been largely restored and since 1996 it has been the seat of Trenčín Region and Trenčín District.

Sights

The city is dominated by Trenčín Castle, which is the third-largest castle in Slovakia. Trenčín Castle is divided into upper and lower sections, with extensive fortifications. The upper castle has several palace buildings which surround the central medieval tower, which remains the highest point of the city. Below the castle, on the hillside, is the old parish church and a small upper square which is reached by historic covered stairs as well as by winding side streets. The old town has a large main square, with a large baroque church and a variety of shops, as well as a town tower.

Demographics

In 2005 the city had a population of 56,750. The population density was 692/km². According to the 2001 census the religious makeup was: 65.8% Roman Catholics, 22.3% people with no religious affiliation, and 7.1% Lutherans. 95.3% inhabitants were Slovaks and 2.4% Czechs.

Trenčín Castle Synagogue in Trenčín Hotel Tatra under the castle Fortifications of the lower castle

Sport

Football (soccer) club FK AS Trenčín is based in the city and plays in the Corgoň Liga. The Ice hockey club HC Dukla Trenčín plays in the Slovak Extraliga and is a four time winner of the domestic league.

Transport

Trenčín lies near the main Slovak motorway and is an important stop on the main railway line from Bratislava to Žilina and Košice. It is also the end of the railway line from Nitra.

Territorial division

Trenčín is divided into four main boroughs:

  • Stred:Stred mesta, Dolné mesto, Dlhé Hony, Noviny, Biskupice
  • Juh:Juh I-II
  • Sever:Sihoť I-IV, Opatová nad Váhom, Pod Sokolice, Kubrá, Kubriská
  • Západ:Zámostie, Kvetná, Istebník, Orechové, Zlatovce, Nové Zlatovce, Záblatie

Partner towns

Famous people

References

  1. http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html

External links

Municipalities of Trenčín District
Slovakia
Municipalities of Trenčín /Trencsén District (In Hungarian)
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