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| '''Suvalkai Region'''<ref></ref> (]: ''Suvalkų kraštas'') is a small region around the city of ] in the north-eastern ] near the border with ]. The territory was disputed between Poland and Lithuania after ]. This dispute was the main cause of the brief ] and ]. The conflict was later overshadowed by a much larger and more serious dispute over the ]. |
'''Suvalkai Region'''<ref></ref> (]: ''Suvalkų kraštas'') is a small region around the city of ] in the north-eastern ] near the border with ].{{fact}} The territory named Suvalkai Region was disputed between Poland and Lithuania after ].{{fact}} This dispute was the main cause of the brief ] and ]. The conflict was later overshadowed by a much larger and more serious dispute over the ]. Suvalkai Region remains the major center of the ].{{fact}} | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| Originally the territory was inhabited ] ] tribes. From 1807 the |
Originally the territory named Suvalkai Region was inhabited ] ] tribes.{{fact}} From 1807 the Suvalkai Region was part of ], part of ] (]).{{fact}} In 1918 the Suvalkai Region was claimed by ] independent Lithuania based on cultural heritage{{fact}} and later ] with ],{{fact}} but Poland officially insisted on dividing the area along the ethnic lines. In the aftermath the Suvalkai Region was left on the Polish side of the border,{{fact}} with a Lithuanian majority in the countryside around the Polish-dominated cities of ]<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref name=Lankininkaitė>{{lt icon}} {{cite news | first=Rūta | last=Lankininkaitė | coauthors= | title=Seinų lietuviai jaučiasi skriaudžiami | date=] | publisher= | url =http://www.delfi.lt/archive/article.php?id=12465897 | work = | pages = |quote = Lenkijos lietuvių bendruomenės vadovai sako, jog Seinų krašte viskas, kas susiję su lietuvių kultūros paveldo išsaugojimu, sunkiai skinasi kelią.| accessdate = 2008-04-2 | language = Lithuanian }}</ref><ref></ref> and ]<ref></ref><ref></ref> in the northeastern part of the region. | ||
| Most of the area was briefly controlled by the Lithuanian forces in 1919, and again in 1920 during the ]. In 1920, however, Marshal ] proposed that the |
Most of the area was briefly controlled by the Lithuanian forces in 1919, and again in 1920 during the ]. In 1920, however, Marshal ] proposed that the Suvalkai Region be granted to Poland.{{fact}} The proposal was accepted by the ] and after the ]), the Lithuanian forces withdrew from the Suvalkai Region and Poland resumed control over it.{{fact}} | ||
| {| align=right class=wikitable | {| align=right class=wikitable | ||
| ! Period !! State | ! Period !! State | ||
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| Despite the fact that a part of the disputed area was never under Lithuanian control, the Lithuanian authorities claimed that it consisted of three counties (see ]), that were illegally occupied by Poland. These included the ''Augustavo Apskritis'' based in the town of ], ''Suvalkų Apskritis'' formed around the city of ] and ''Seinų Apskritis'' centered around the town of ]. The aforementioned units were roughly correspondent to the actual administrative division of the area onto ]s of Augustów, Suwałki and Sejny of the ] of Poland, respectively. | Despite the fact that a part of the disputed area was never under Lithuanian control, the Lithuanian authorities claimed that it consisted of three counties (see ]), that were illegally occupied by Poland.{{fact}} These included the ''Augustavo ]'' based in the town of ], ''Suvalkų Apskritis'' formed around the city of ] and ''Seinų Apskritis'' centered around the town of ].{{fact}} The aforementioned units were roughly correspondent to the actual administrative division of the area onto ]s of Augustów, Suwałki and Sejny of the ] of Poland, respectively. {{fact}} | ||
| The |
The Suvalkai Region was annexed by ] in 1939 and adjoined ].{{fact}} After ] the Suvalkai Region was returned to Poland.{{fact}} Currently there are no territorial disputes over the region. | ||
| According to the ] there were 5,846 Lithuanians living in Poland, with a large part of them inhabitating Suvalkai Region. There are Lithuanian schools and cultural societies present in the area and the Lithuanian language is spoken in the offices in the ] of ]. | According to the ] there were 5,846 Lithuanians living in Poland, with a large part of them inhabitating Suvalkai Region.{{fact}} There are Lithuanian schools and cultural societies present in the area and the Lithuanian language is spoken in the offices in the ] of ]. | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
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Suvalkai Region (Lithuanian: Suvalkų kraštas) is a small region around the city of Suwałki in the north-eastern Poland near the border with Lithuania. The territory named Suvalkai Region was disputed between Poland and Lithuania after World War I. This dispute was the main cause of the brief Polish-Lithuanian War and Sejny Uprising. The conflict was later overshadowed by a much larger and more serious dispute over the Vilnius Region. Suvalkai Region remains the major center of the Lithuanian minority in Poland.
History
Originally the territory named Suvalkai Region was inhabited Yotvingian Prussian tribes. From 1807 the Suvalkai Region was part of Congress Poland, part of Russian Empire (Suwałki Governorate). In 1918 the Suvalkai Region was claimed by re-established independent Lithuania based on cultural heritage and later 1920 peace treaty with Soviet Russia, but Poland officially insisted on dividing the area along the ethnic lines. In the aftermath the Suvalkai Region was left on the Polish side of the border, with a Lithuanian majority in the countryside around the Polish-dominated cities of Sejny and Puńsk in the northeastern part of the region.
Most of the area was briefly controlled by the Lithuanian forces in 1919, and again in 1920 during the Polish-Bolshevik War. In 1920, however, Marshal Ferdinand Foch proposed that the Suvalkai Region be granted to Poland. The proposal was accepted by the Paris Peace Conference and after the Polish-Lithuanian War), the Lithuanian forces withdrew from the Suvalkai Region and Poland resumed control over it.
| Period | State |
|---|---|
| until 14th century | Sudovians/Yotvingians |
| 14th century – 1795 | Grand Duchy of Lithuania |
| 1795–1807 | Kingdom of Prussia |
| 1807–1815 | Duchy of Warsaw |
| 1815–1915 | Congress Poland |
| 1915–1918 | Ober Ost (German occupation) |
| 1918–1920 | Disputed between Poland and Lithuania |
| 1920–1939 | Poland |
| 1939–1944 | Nazi Germany |
| 1944–present | Poland |
Despite the fact that a part of the disputed area was never under Lithuanian control, the Lithuanian authorities claimed that it consisted of three counties (see administrative divisions of Lithuania), that were illegally occupied by Poland. These included the Augustavo Apskritis based in the town of Augustów, Suvalkų Apskritis formed around the city of Suwałki and Seinų Apskritis centered around the town of Sejny. The aforementioned units were roughly correspondent to the actual administrative division of the area onto powiats of Augustów, Suwałki and Sejny of the Białystok Voivodeship of Poland, respectively.
The Suvalkai Region was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1939 and adjoined East Prussia. After World War II the Suvalkai Region was returned to Poland. Currently there are no territorial disputes over the region.
According to the Polish census of 2002 there were 5,846 Lithuanians living in Poland, with a large part of them inhabitating Suvalkai Region. There are Lithuanian schools and cultural societies present in the area and the Lithuanian language is spoken in the offices in the commune of Puńsk.
References
- Template:Lt icon Lankininkaitė, Rūta (2007-03-11). "Seinų lietuviai jaučiasi skriaudžiami" (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 2008-04-2.
Lenkijos lietuvių bendruomenės vadovai sako, jog Seinų krašte viskas, kas susiję su lietuvių kultūros paveldo išsaugojimu, sunkiai skinasi kelią.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=and|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)
- Simas Sužiedēlis, Encyclopedia Lituanica, J. Kapočius 1978
- Timothy Snyder, The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999, Yale University Press 2003, page 33
- United States Congress Select Committee on Communist Aggression, Baltic States: A Study of Their Origin and National Development, WS Hein 1972, page 71