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⚫ '''''Quantum mysticism''''' refers to the practice of selectively borrowing ideas from ] to support ] and ] beliefs, or to draw metaphorical similarites between principles in quantum physics and principles in ]. '''"Quantum quackery"''' and '''"quantum flapdoodle"'''<ref></ref> are pejorative synonyms used by ] to discount the idea that quantum theory supports mystical beliefs.
{{POV|date=April 2008}}


Many scientists, including ] writer ] and commentator ] among others, have complained that quantum physics is being hijacked by people with little understanding of the underlying concepts, and whose claims lack the intellectual rigour intrinsic to scientific inquiry.
⚫ The term '''Quantum mysticism''' refers to various ], which borrow ideas from ] to support ] and ] beliefs, or to draw metaphorical similarites between principles in quantum physics and principles in ].<ref></ref> The term is used pejoratively by ] to discount the idea that quantum theory supports mystical beliefs.

Critics such as ] writer ] and commentator ], along with many scientists, have opined that quantum physics is being hijacked by people with little understanding of the underlying concepts, and whose claims lack the intellectual rigour intrinsic to scientific inquiry.<ref name='Egan_Eidolon'> {{cite journal|title=An Interview with Greg Egan|journal=Eidolon|date=1993-01|first=Jeremy G.|last=Byrne|coauthors=Jonathan Strahan|volume=11|issue=|pages=18-30|id= |url=http://eidolon.net/old_site/issue_11/11_egan.htm|format=|accessdate=2008-03-09 }}</ref><ref name='Wertheim_LAW'>{{cite news | first=Margaret | last=Wertheim | coauthors= | title=Quantum Mysticism | date=2004-06-10 | publisher=LA Weekly, LP | url =http://www.laweekly.com/columns/quark-soup/quantum-mysticism/9195/ | work =LA Weekly | pages = | accessdate = 2008-03-09 | language = }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Park | first = Robert L. | authorlink = Robert L. Park | coauthors = | title = Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 2000 | location = New York, New York | pages = 39 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-19-513515-6 }}</ref><ref name='Gell-Mann_Q&J'>{{cite book | last = Gell-Mann | first = Murray | authorlink = Murray Gell-Mann | coauthors = | title = The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and Complex | publisher = Macmillan | date = 1995 | location = | pages = 168 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0805072535 }}</ref><ref name='Bell_Speak'>{{cite book | last = Bell | first = J. S. | authorlink = John Stewart Bell | coauthors = | title = Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics | publisher = Cambridge University Press | date = 1988 | location = | pages = 170 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0521523389 }}</ref>


==Background== ==Background==
] aspects of quantum physics such as the ] have invited metaphysical speculation from the time of their development. ] "mystical physics" began in earnest in the 1970s with ]'s '']'', in which he asserts that quantum physics confirms some principles in Eastern mystical teachings. This was taken up in the 1980s by ] pseudoscience, which extrapolated on the statements of ], claiming that "the conclusions of modern science are the very conclusions the ] reached ages ago"<ref name=vivek70>lecture on ''The Vedanta'' delivered at Lahore on 12 November 1897; 1970, vol. 3, pp. 398f.</ref>. It conflated concepts from ] like gravitation, electricity, magnetism and other forces with the mystical ] notion of ]<ref></ref><ref></ref>. ] aspects of quantum physics such as the ] have invited metaphysical speculation from the time of their development. ] "mystical physics" began in earnest in the 1970s, with ]'s '']'', in which he asserts that quantum physics confirms principles in Eastern mystical teachings. This was taken up in the 1980s by ] pseudoscience (notably published by ]), which extrapolated on the statements of ], who in 1897 claimed that "the conclusions of modern science are the very conclusions the ] reached ages ago"<ref name=vivek70>lecture on ''The Vedanta'' delivered at Lahore on 12 November 1897; 1970, vol. 3, pp. 398f.</ref>, identifying concepts from ] like gravitation, electricity, magnetism and other forces with the mystical ] notion of ]<ref>http://www.universaltemple.org/3version/Dobsvivekeinst.html</ref><ref>http://www.spiritual-teachers.com/hindandquaunt.htm</ref>.


In 1998 ] was awarded the parodical ] in physics for "his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness."<ref>{{Dead link|date=March 2008}}</ref>. He received this 'honour' for such writing as: {{quote|Quantum healing is healing the bodymind from a quantum level. That means from a level which is not manifest at a sensory level. Our bodies ultimately are fields of information, intelligence and energy. Quantum healing involves a shift in the fields of energy information, so as to bring about a correction in an idea that has gone wrong. So quantum healing involves healing one mode of consciousness, mind, to bring about changes in another mode of consciousness, body.|2=}} A notable case of the application of quantum physics to topics outside physics is the case of ], who was awarded the 1998 parodical ] in physics for "his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness."<ref>http://improbable.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig1998</ref>:


{{quote|Quantum healing is healing the bodymind from a quantum level. That means from a level which is not manifest at a sensory level. Our bodies ultimately are fields of information, intelligence and energy. Quantum healing involves a shift in the fields of energy information, so as to bring about a correction in an idea that has gone wrong. So quantum healing involves healing one mode of consciousness, mind, to bring about changes in another mode of consciousness, body.|2=}}
Similarly, the ] film '']'' made controversial use of ideas about quantum mechanics, among other sciences, in a ] context.


Theories of ], viewed skeptically by many scientists, have given rise to concepts like '''Quantum meditation''', positing a scientific basis for meditation practices not supported by mainstream science.<ref>S. V. Raman, "Advaita Bhagwad Gita: its relevance in quantum meditation", Dilip 28.4, 2002; </ref> Similarly, the ] film '']'' makes controversial use of ideas about quantum mechanics, among other sciences, in a ] context, and theories of a ], themselves viewed skeptically by some scientists, have given rise to concepts like '''Quantum meditation''', which posits a scientific basis for meditation practices not supported by mainstream science.<ref>S. V. Raman, "Advaita Bhagwad Gita: its relevance in quantum meditation", Dilip 28.4, 2002; </ref>


==Rejections by physicists and mystics== ==Rejections by physicists and mystics==
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==Quantum philosophy== ==Quantum philosophy==


In addition to mystical adaptations of quantum theory, ]/] thinkers have been criticised for pseudoscientific references to quantum mechanics. An example was in the ] of 1996, where ] published a tongue-in-cheek paper entitled ''Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity'' (which refers to ], an extension of quantum theory) in the postmodernist journal '']''. The editors' acceptance of the nonsensical article earned them the 1996 parodical ]. Sokal, with ], went on to make a serious critique of the use of science by postmodern thinkers in their book ]. In addition to mystical adaptations of quantum theory, ]/] thinkers have been criticised for pseudoscientific references to quantum mechanics. An example was in the ] of 1996, where ] published a tongue-in-cheek paper entitled ''Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity'' (in which he went so far as to not merely referring to "quantum" but the more bleeding-edge and esoteric ]) in the postmodernist journal '']''. The editors' acceptance of the nonsensical article earned them the 1996 parodical ]. Sokal, with ], went on to make a serious critique of the use of science by postmodern thinkers in their book ].


==Parodies== ==Parodies==
'''''No-one knows the reason for this, but it's probably quantum''''' is a phrase used in many of ]'s '']'' novels, as a sarcastic reference to quantum quackery. '''''No-one knows the reason for this, but it's probably quantum''''' is a phrase used by the dog ] in ]'s '']'' novels, as a sarcastic reference to quantum quackery.


The attitude towards the ] of scientific jargon used to avoid genuine debate or hide ignorance has precedents in Orwell's ], and in the ] of ]'s '']''.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} The attitude towards the ] of scientific jargon used to avoid genuine debate or hide ignorance has precedents in Orwell's ], and in the ] of ]'s '']{{Fact|date=January 2008}}.


==Notes== ==Notes==
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*"Quantum Physics Quackery", ''Skeptical Inquirer'', January 1997 (discusses book ''The Self-Aware Universe'') *"Quantum Physics Quackery", ''Skeptical Inquirer'', January 1997 (discusses book ''The Self-Aware Universe'')
* V. J. Stenger, '''', ] Vol. 21. No. 1, January/February 1997, p. 37ff, based on an invited talk at the World Skeptics Congress in Buffalo in June, 1996. * V. J. Stenger, '''', ] Vol. 21. No. 1, January/February 1997, p. 37ff, based on an invited talk at the World Skeptics Congress in Buffalo in June, 1996.
* M. Shermer, ''Quantum Quackery'', ], January 2005 * M. Schermer, ''Quantum Quackery'', ], January 2005


== See also == == See also ==
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== External links == == External links ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Quantum mysticism}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Quantum mysticism}}
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Revision as of 16:50, 25 April 2008

Quantum mysticism refers to the practice of selectively borrowing ideas from quantum physics to support New Age and pseudoscientific beliefs, or to draw metaphorical similarites between principles in quantum physics and principles in Eastern mysticism. "Quantum quackery" and "quantum flapdoodle" are pejorative synonyms used by skeptical scientists to discount the idea that quantum theory supports mystical beliefs.

Many scientists, including science fiction writer Greg Egan and commentator Margaret Wertheim among others, have complained that quantum physics is being hijacked by people with little understanding of the underlying concepts, and whose claims lack the intellectual rigour intrinsic to scientific inquiry.

Background

Counterintuitive aspects of quantum physics such as the uncertainty principle have invited metaphysical speculation from the time of their development. New Age "mystical physics" began in earnest in the 1970s, with Fritjof Capra's The Tao of Physics, in which he asserts that quantum physics confirms principles in Eastern mystical teachings. This was taken up in the 1980s by Hindutva pseudoscience (notably published by Voice of India), which extrapolated on the statements of Vivekananda, who in 1897 claimed that "the conclusions of modern science are the very conclusions the Vedanta reached ages ago", identifying concepts from physics like gravitation, electricity, magnetism and other forces with the mystical Vedantic notion of Prana.

A notable case of the application of quantum physics to topics outside physics is the case of Deepak Chopra, who was awarded the 1998 parodical Ig Nobel Prize in physics for "his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness.":

Quantum healing is healing the bodymind from a quantum level. That means from a level which is not manifest at a sensory level. Our bodies ultimately are fields of information, intelligence and energy. Quantum healing involves a shift in the fields of energy information, so as to bring about a correction in an idea that has gone wrong. So quantum healing involves healing one mode of consciousness, mind, to bring about changes in another mode of consciousness, body.

— Deepak Chopra

Similarly, the 2004 film What the Bleep Do We Know!? makes controversial use of ideas about quantum mechanics, among other sciences, in a New Age context, and theories of a Quantum mind, themselves viewed skeptically by some scientists, have given rise to concepts like Quantum meditation, which posits a scientific basis for meditation practices not supported by mainstream science.

Rejections by physicists and mystics

Several of the founding theorists of quantum physics were interested in the metaphorical similarities between the principles of quantum mechanics and the principles found in mysticism, including Max Planck, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, and Sir Arthur Eddington among others. However, they all strongly rejected the notion that mysticism and physics had anything more than a metaphorical relationship. Eddington explained the temptation and why he felt it should be avoided: "We should suspect an intention to reduce God to a system of differential equations. That fiasco at any rate must be avoided. However much the ramifications of physics may be extended by further scientific discovery, they cannot from their very nature the background in which they have their being."

Physicist Heinz Pagels was more explicit, and argued that nothing in quantum mechanics supports the belief that physics and mysticism are connected. In The Cosmic Code, Pagels wrote:

"Some recent popularizers of Bell's work when confronted with Bell's inequality have gone on to claim that telepathy is verified or the mystical notion that all parts of the universe are instantaneously interconnected is vindicated. Others assert that this implies communication faster than the speed of light. That is rubbish; the quantum theory and Bell's inequality imply nothing of this kind. Individuals who make such claims have substituted a wish-fulfilling fantasy for understanding. If we closely examine Bell's experiment we will see a bit of sleight of hand by the God that plays dice which rules out actual nonlocal influences. Just as we think we have captured a really weird beast--like acausal influences--it slips out of our grasp. The slippery property of quantum reality is again manifested."

Likewise some mystics doubt that quantum physics and mysticism describe the same realm. Tom Huston, in a review on the quantum mystical film What the Bleep Do We Know!? for What is Enlightenment? Magazine wrote:

"Quantum physics deals with the abstract, symbolic analysis of the physical world—space, time, matter, and energy—even down to the subtlest level, the quantum vacuum. Mysticism deals with the direct apprehension of the transcendent Source of all those things. The former is a mathematical system involving intensive intellectual study, and the latter is a spiritual discipline involving the transcendence of the intellectual mind altogether. It's apparently only a very loose interpretation of physics, and a looser interpretation of mysticism, that allows for their surprising convergence—and opens the door to the even wilder idea that by drinking some of this quantum mystical brew, you'll be able to create your own reality.

Quantum philosophy

In addition to mystical adaptations of quantum theory, postmodern/poststructuralist thinkers have been criticised for pseudoscientific references to quantum mechanics. An example was in the Sokal Affair of 1996, where Alan Sokal published a tongue-in-cheek paper entitled Transgressing the Boundaries: Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity (in which he went so far as to not merely referring to "quantum" but the more bleeding-edge and esoteric quantum gravity) in the postmodernist journal Social Text. The editors' acceptance of the nonsensical article earned them the 1996 parodical Ig Nobel Prize. Sokal, with Jean Bricmont, went on to make a serious critique of the use of science by postmodern thinkers in their book Fashionable Nonsense.

Parodies

No-one knows the reason for this, but it's probably quantum is a phrase used by the dog Gaspode in Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels, as a sarcastic reference to quantum quackery.

The attitude towards the obscurantism of scientific jargon used to avoid genuine debate or hide ignorance has precedents in Orwell's Politics and the English Language, and in the quack of Molière's Le Malade imaginaire.

Notes

  1. Michael Shermer on Quantum Quackery
  2. lecture on The Vedanta delivered at Lahore on 12 November 1897; 1970, vol. 3, pp. 398f.
  3. http://www.universaltemple.org/3version/Dobsvivekeinst.html
  4. http://www.spiritual-teachers.com/hindandquaunt.htm
  5. http://improbable.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html#ig1998
  6. S. V. Raman, "Advaita Bhagwad Gita: its relevance in quantum meditation", Dilip 28.4, 2002; Tushar K. Ray, Quantum Meditation: A Novel Scientific Method for Developing Inner Balance and Harmony
  7. ^ Tom Huston, "Taking the Quantum Leap... Too Far?", What is Enlightenment? Magazine, Retrieved January 25, 2008
  8. Sir Arthur Eddington, The Nature of the Physical World (p 282) ISBN 1417907185
  9. Heinz Pagels, The Cosmic Code ISBN 0671248022

Literature

Publications relating to quantum mysticism
Criticism of quantum mysticism

See also

External links

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