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{{Politics of Switzerland}} {{Politics of Switzerland}}


The '''federal administration of Switzerland''' consists of seven federal ]s and the Federal Chancellery. The departments are roughly equivalent to the ] of other states, but their scope is generally broader. Each department consists of several federal offices, which are headed by a ]. The smaller Federal Chancellery, headed by the ], operates as an eighth department in most respects. The '''federal administration of Switzerland''' ({{lang-de|Bundesverwaltung}}, {{lang-fr|Administration fédérale}}, {{lang-it|Amministrazione federale}}) is the ] of the ] federal authorities. It is charged with executing federal law and preparing draft laws and policy for the federal government and parliament.<ref name=germann2>{{HDS|10343-1-2|Tasks of the Federal Administration|author=Raimund E. Germann|date=2006-09-25}}</ref> The administration consists of seven federal departments and the Federal Chancellery. The departments are roughly equivalent to the ] of other states, but their scope is generally broader. Each department consists of several federal offices, which are headed by a ], and of other administrative entities. The much smaller Federal Chancellery, headed by the ], operates as an eighth department in most respects.


The administration is directed, in its entirety, by the ]. Each member of the council is also, in his or her individual capacity, the head of one of the seven departments. The Federal Council has the sole authority to decide on the size and composition of the departments, and to make all executive decisions that are not delegated by law to an individual department, or to the Chancellery. The Council also decides which department its members are appointed to lead, although it is customary that Councillors choose their preferred department in order of seniority. The administration in its entirety is directed by the ],<ref name=germann4>{{HDS|10343-1-4|Non-hierarchical government in the Federal Administration|author=Raimund E. Germann|date=2006-09-25}}</ref> and the Federal Council and the administration are subject to parliamentary ] by the ]. Each member of the Federal council is also, in his or her individual capacity, the head of one of the seven departments.<ref name=germann4/> The Federal Council has the sole authority to decide on the size and composition of the departments, and to make all executive decisions that are not delegated by law to an individual department, or to the Chancellery. The Council also decides which department its members are appointed to lead, although it is customary that Councillors choose their preferred department in order of seniority.


The absence of hierarchic leadership within the Council has caused the departments to acquire a very considerable autonomy, to the extent that the federal executive has been characterised as "seven co-existing departmental governments."<ref name=germann4/>
==List of federal departments==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Federal department
! Current Federal Councillor
|-
| ]
| ] (]
|-
| ]
| ] (]<br />President of the Confederation in 2008
|-
| ]
| ] (])
|-
| ]
| ] (])<br />
|-
| ]
| ] (])
|-
| ]
| ] (]) <br> Vice-President in 2008
|-
| ]
| ] (])
|}


==Size==
===]===
From 1954 to 1990, roughly two percent of Switzerland's resident population were federal employees. This percentage has since declined due to army cutbacks and the partial ] of federal enterprises such as ] (now ] and ]).<ref name=germann1/> As of 2008, the Confederation employed some 102,000 people, all but 32,000 of which were working for federal enterprises such as the Post and the ].<ref name=germann1/>


==Development==
*]-]: Department of Posts and Construction
After the founding of the Swiss federal state in 1848, the Federal Council and its handful of officials took up residence in the '']'' in Berne.<ref name=germann1>{{HDS|10343-1-1|Beginnings and Growth of the Federal Administration|author=Raimund E. Germann|date=2006-09-25}}</ref> The entire administrative staff consisted of 80 persons in 1849, while the ] had 2,591 officials and the customs service 409.<ref name=germann1/> The first dedicated administrative building, now the western wing of the '']'', was completed in 1857.<ref name=germann1/>
*]-]: Department of Posts
*]-]: Department of Posts and Telegraph
*]-]: '''Department of Posts and Railways'''
*]-]: Department of Transport, Communications and Energy
*]-]: Federal Department of Transport, Communications and Energy
*Since ]: Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications


The number of departments and Federal Councillors has been constitutionally fixed at seven since 1848.<ref name=germann3>{{HDS|10343-1-3|Departments and Federal Offices of the Federal Administration|author=Raimund E. Germann|date=2006-09-25}}</ref> The number of the departments' subordinate entities, which are constituted by statute – generally as "federal offices" after the 1910s – has grown substantially in step with the expanding role of the state in the 20th century, even though some have been merged or abolished.<ref name=germann3/>
===]===


A 1964 government reform made the Federal Chancellery into the general staff unit of the Federal Council, and created ]s as departmental staff units.<ref name=germann5>{{HDS|10343-1-5|Federal Chancellery and Staff Units in the Federal Administration|author=Raimund E. Germann|date=2006-09-25}}</ref> A 1978 statute granted the title of ] to the holders of two (later three) directoral posts whose functions require independent interaction with foreign authorities.<ref name=germann6>{{HDS|10343-1-6|Group Formation and Secretaries of State in the Federal Administration|author=Raimund E. Germann|date=2006-09-25}}</ref> Since the 1990s, ] models have been experimentally introduced; twelve offices are now run with autonomous budgets.<ref name=germann2/>
The official name of the department in all three of Switzerland's official languages translates literally as Federal Department of the Interior. However, the Swiss Government uses the conventional translation Federal Department of Home Affairs


==Location==
===]===
The seat of the federal authorities, including almost all of the administration, is ]. The departments and offices are located in the east and west wings of ''Bundeshaus'' and in numerous buildings in or close to the ]. In the 1990s, some offices were moved to other parts of the country, in part to aid economic development of these regions.<ref name=germann1/> Also, some federal authorities have field offices in other cities.
===]===


==Organisation and responsibilities==
The department was known as the "Political Department" from 1848 to 1979, and was often heade by the President of the Confederation.


===]=== ===Federal Chancellery===


The ] is the staff organisation of the Federal Council and the federal administration. As of 2008, it is headed by ] ] (]). It is composed of a staff sector, a planning and strategy sector, an internal services sector and a Federal Council sector. A separate information and communications sector is led by Vice Chancellor ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Organisation of the Federal Chancellery|publisher=Federal Chancellery|accessdate=May 2008|url=http://www.bk.admin.ch/org/bk/index.html?lang=en}}</ref>
The member of the ] that heads this department is effectively the Swiss ].


For administrative purposes, the ] (FDPIC) is affiliated to the Chancellery. The FDPIC is responsible for the supervision of federal authorities and private bodies with respect to ] and ].
Until ], the department was called "Department of Justice and Police".


===]=== ===Federal Department of Foreign Affairs===
{{seealso|Foreign relations of Switzerland}}
The ] (FDFA) is Switzerland's ]. As of 2008, it is headed by ] (]). It is composed of the General Secretariat and of the State Secretariat, which in turn is composed of the following directorates and agencies:<ref>{{cite web|title=Organization chart|publisher=Federal Department of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=May 2008|url=http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/dfa/orgcha.html}}</ref>


* ]: Led by the Secretary of State, responsible for coordinating Swiss foreign policy and administering Swiss foreign missions.
Initially, in ], the department was called "Department of Finance", then, from ] "Department of Finance and Customs", until it received its present designation in ].
* ] (DCM): Manages the Department’s human and financial resources and provides legal advice.
* ] (DPIL): Responsible for the study and application of ].
* ] (SDC): Engages in ] and provides ].
* Protocol section: Responsible for ], ceremony and ].
* Integration office: Operated jointly with the FDEA and responsible for coordinating Switzerland’s policy on Europe.
* ]: Responsible for promoting Switzerland abroad.


===]=== ===Federal Department of Home Affairs===


The ] (FDHA) is Switzerland's ]. As of 2008, it is headed by ] (]). It is composed of the following offices:<ref>{{cite web|title=Federal offices and competence domains|publisher=Federal Department of Home Affairs|accessdate=May 2008|url=http://www.edi.admin.ch/org/00344/00353/00354/index.html?lang=en}}</ref>
*]-1872: Department of Trade and Customs
* General Secretariat
*]-1878: Department of Railway and Trade
* ] (FOGE): Responsible for ] matters.
*]-1887: Department of Trade and Agriculture
* ] (FOC): Responsible for national heritage preservation, archaeology, the federal art collections, the ], the ] and affiliated museums, as well as the support and promotion of Swiss culture.
*]-1895: Department of Industry and Agriculture
* ]: The ] of Switzerland.
*]-1914: Department of Trade, Industry and Agriculture
* ]: The ] of Switzerland.
*]-1978: Department of Economic Affairs
* ] (MeteoSwiss): The national ].
*Since ]: Federal Department of Economic Affairs
* ] (FOPH): Responsible for ] at the federal level, including ], ], ], ], noise and radiation protection, regulation of chemicals and toxic products, ], ] and health and accident insurance.
* ] (FSO): Compiles and publishes ] for use by the government, the economy and scientific research.
* ] (FSIO): Regulates the Swiss ] and system, including old age and survivors' insurance, invalidity insurance, supplementary benefits, occupational pension funds, income compensation for people on national service and for women on maternity leave as well as family allowances in the agricultural sector.
* ] (SER): Responsible for ] and research at the federal level.

The following independent authorities are affiliated to the FDHA for administrative purposes:
* ETH Board and the ETH Domain: The system of federal technical universities and research institutes, including the ], the ] Lausanne, the ], the ], the ] and the ].
* Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products (]): Certification and supervisory authority for drugs and other medical products.

===Federal Department of Justice and Police===
The ] is Switzerland's ]. As of 2008, it is headed by ] (]). It is composed of the following offices and institutes:<ref>{{cite web|title=Organization Chart FDJP|publisher=Federal Department of Justice and Police|accessdate=May 2008|url=http://www.ejpd.admin.ch/ejpd/en/home/die_oe/organigramm_ejpd.html}}</ref>

* General Secretariat
* ] (FOI): Responsible for providing legal advice to the administration, preparing general legislation, supervising government registers and collaborating on international ].
* ] (fedpol): Responsible for intercantonal and international information, coordination and analysis in internal security matters. It also operates the the domestic intelligence service (] SAP), and the ] (FCP), which investigates crimes subject to federal jurisdiction.
* ] (FOM): Responsible for matters relating to foreign nationals and asylum seekers.
* ] (METAS): Provides calibration and accreditation services, supervises the use of measuring instruments and provides training in ].
* ] (IIP): Registration authority for ]s, ]s and ].
* ] (SICL): Provides consultancy services on issues of ].

The following independent authorities are affiliated to the FDJP for administrative purposes:
* ] (FGB): Regulates ]s and enforces Swiss ] law (except ], which are regulated by the cantons).
* ] (OAG): Criminal prosecuting authority with respect to crimes subject to federal jurisdiction, led by the ].

=== Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports ===
The ] (DDPS) is Switzerland's ministry of defence. As of 2008, is headed by ] (]). It is composed of the following departmental sectors:<ref>{{cite web|title=Organisation|publisher=Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports|accessdate=May 2008|url=http://www.vbs.admin.ch/internet/vbs/en/home/departement/organisation.html}}</ref>

* Defence / ] sector: ] headquarters and staff, Land Forces, ], Armed Forces Logistics Organisation (AFLO), Armed Forces Command Support Organisation (AFCSO).
* Civil Protection sector: ] (FOCP), responsible for the coordination of the ] services of the cantons and municipalities. Operates the National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC) and the ], which is responsible for ] research and protection.
* Sport sector: ] (FOSPO), responsible for sport policy, the ] ] and the ] organisation.
* ] sector: Responsible for armaments procurement, technology and research. The sector includes the Federal Office of Topography (]), which compiles and manages geographical reference data and maps.

The following services are also part of the DDPS:
* General Secretariat
* ]: The military prosecutor's office.
* ] (SIS): Switzerland’s foreign intelligence service.
* ] (DSP): Responsible for strategy development, defence and procurement policy, arms control and disarmament policy.

===Federal Department of Finance===

The ] is Switzerland's ]. As of 2008, it is headed by ] (]). It is composed of the following offices:<ref>{{cite web|title=Organisation chart|publisher=Federal Department of Finance |accessdate=May 2008|url=http://www.efd.admin.ch/org/org/00580/index.html?lang=en}}</ref>

* General Secretariat, including the Federal Strategy Unit for IT (FSUIT).
* ] (FFA): Responsible for the budget, financial planning, financial policy, the federal treasury and financial equalisation between the Confederation and the cantons. Operates the ].
* ] (FOPER): Responsible for human resources management, personnel policy and personnel training.
* ] (FTA): Responsible for federal revenue collection and the application of federal tax laws in the cantons.
* ] (FCA): Responsible for monitoring the import, export and transit of goods, collecting customs duties, traffic charges and taxes. Operates the ], which carries out ] duties.
* ] (SAB): Regulates the alcohol market.
* ] (FOITT): Provides ] services for the federal administration.
* ] (FBL): Responsible for property management, central procurement of non-durable goods, federal publications and the production of the ].
* ] (FOPI): Regulates private life insurance companies, bodily injury and physical damage insurers and reinsurers.
The following independent authorities are affiliated to the FDF for administrative purposes:
* ] (SFAO): The federal ]. Examines accounting practices and verifies the proper and efficient use of resources by the administration, other public service institutions and subsidy recipients.
* ] (SFBC): Regulates banks, securities dealers, investment funds and stock exchanges, as well as the disclosure of shareholding interests, public takeover bids and mortgage lenders.
* ] (PUBLICA): Provides insurance coverage to employees of the federal administration, the other branches of the federal government and associated organisations.

===Federal Department of Economic Affairs===

The ] (FDEA) is Switzerland's ]. As of 2008, it is headed by ] (]). It is composed of the following offices:<ref>{{cite web|title=Organisation of the FDEA|publisher=Federal Department of Economic Affairs|accessdate=May 2008|url=http://www.evd.admin.ch/org/00159/00336/index.html?lang=en}}</ref>
* General Secretariat, including the ] FCAB (responsible for ]) and the Swiss ] agency (]).
* ] (seco): Responsible for national and international ], trade negotiations and ].
* ] (FOAG): Responsible for ] and for ] to ].
* ] (OPET): Responsible for ] and training, ] and innovation promotion.
* ] (FVO): Responsible for ]and health, the safety of food of animal origin and the implementation of the ].
* Integration Office (see FDFA above)
* ] (FONES): Manages emergency supplies of essential goods and services.
* ] (FHO): Responsible for ].

The following independent authorities are affiliated to the FDEA for administrative purposes:
* ]: Price ] and responsible for the supervision of regulated prices.
* ]: Swiss ].
* ] (SFIVET): Provides training for ] professionals.

===Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications===

As of 2008, the ] (DETEC) is headed by ] (]). It is composed of the following offices:<ref>{{cite web|title=The aims of the Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy, and Communications (DETEC)|publisher=Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications|accessdate=May 2008|url=http://www.uvek.admin.ch/org/00469/index.html?lang=en}}</ref>

* General Secretariat
* ] (ARE): Coordinates area planning between the federal agencies, the cantons and the municipalities.
* ] (FOEN): Responsible for matters of the environment, including the protection of plants and animals and the protection against noise, air pollution or natural hazards.
* ] (FOCA): Regulates ].
* ] (OFCOM): Regulates radio and TV stations, notably the ].
* ] (FOE): Responsible for the provision of electrical energy at the federal level, as well as for the supervision of dams.
* ] (FOT): Responsible for ] at the federal level, including the development of the ] network and navigation on the ].
* ] (FEDRO): Responsible for the construction, maintenance and operation of the ].

The following independent authorities are affiliated to the DETEC for administrative purposes:
* ] (AAIB): Technical investigating authority for aircraft accidents.
* ] (ComCom): Regulates the telecommunications market, awards service licences, rules on ] disputes and approves frequency and numbering plans.
* ] (ESTI): Responsible for inspecting low and heavy-current electrical installations.
* ] (HSK): Assesses and monitors security and radiation protection in Swiss nuclear installations.
* ] (ERI): Responsible for the planning, construction and operation of ] systems in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
* ]: Decides on complaints about radio and television programmes.
* ]: Technical investigating authority for accidents on railways, cableways, funicular railways and ships.
* ]: Regulates the ].
* ] (RACO): Arbitrates in disputes over access to the rail network.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}


] ]

Revision as of 23:13, 20 May 2008

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The federal administration of Switzerland (Template:Lang-de, Template:Lang-fr, Template:Lang-it) is the executive branch of the Swiss federal authorities. It is charged with executing federal law and preparing draft laws and policy for the federal government and parliament. The administration consists of seven federal departments and the Federal Chancellery. The departments are roughly equivalent to the ministries of other states, but their scope is generally broader. Each department consists of several federal offices, which are headed by a director, and of other administrative entities. The much smaller Federal Chancellery, headed by the Federal Chancellor, operates as an eighth department in most respects.

The administration in its entirety is directed by the Swiss Federal Council, and the Federal Council and the administration are subject to parliamentary oversight by the Swiss Federal Assembly. Each member of the Federal council is also, in his or her individual capacity, the head of one of the seven departments. The Federal Council has the sole authority to decide on the size and composition of the departments, and to make all executive decisions that are not delegated by law to an individual department, or to the Chancellery. The Council also decides which department its members are appointed to lead, although it is customary that Councillors choose their preferred department in order of seniority.

The absence of hierarchic leadership within the Council has caused the departments to acquire a very considerable autonomy, to the extent that the federal executive has been characterised as "seven co-existing departmental governments."

Size

From 1954 to 1990, roughly two percent of Switzerland's resident population were federal employees. This percentage has since declined due to army cutbacks and the partial privatisation of federal enterprises such as PTT (now Swisscom and Swiss Post). As of 2008, the Confederation employed some 102,000 people, all but 32,000 of which were working for federal enterprises such as the Post and the Swiss Federal Railways.

Development

After the founding of the Swiss federal state in 1848, the Federal Council and its handful of officials took up residence in the Erlacherhof in Berne. The entire administrative staff consisted of 80 persons in 1849, while the postal service had 2,591 officials and the customs service 409. The first dedicated administrative building, now the western wing of the Bundeshaus, was completed in 1857.

The number of departments and Federal Councillors has been constitutionally fixed at seven since 1848. The number of the departments' subordinate entities, which are constituted by statute – generally as "federal offices" after the 1910s – has grown substantially in step with the expanding role of the state in the 20th century, even though some have been merged or abolished.

A 1964 government reform made the Federal Chancellery into the general staff unit of the Federal Council, and created General Secretariats as departmental staff units. A 1978 statute granted the title of secretary of state to the holders of two (later three) directoral posts whose functions require independent interaction with foreign authorities. Since the 1990s, New Public Management models have been experimentally introduced; twelve offices are now run with autonomous budgets.

Location

The seat of the federal authorities, including almost all of the administration, is Berne. The departments and offices are located in the east and west wings of Bundeshaus and in numerous buildings in or close to the city center. In the 1990s, some offices were moved to other parts of the country, in part to aid economic development of these regions. Also, some federal authorities have field offices in other cities.

Organisation and responsibilities

Federal Chancellery

The Swiss Federal Chancellery is the staff organisation of the Federal Council and the federal administration. As of 2008, it is headed by Federal Chancellor Corina Casanova (CVP/PDC). It is composed of a staff sector, a planning and strategy sector, an internal services sector and a Federal Council sector. A separate information and communications sector is led by Vice Chancellor Oswald Sigg.

For administrative purposes, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) is affiliated to the Chancellery. The FDPIC is responsible for the supervision of federal authorities and private bodies with respect to data protection and freedom of information legislation.

Federal Department of Foreign Affairs

See also: Foreign relations of Switzerland

The Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA) is Switzerland's ministry of foreign affairs. As of 2008, it is headed by Micheline Calmy-Rey (SPS/PS). It is composed of the General Secretariat and of the State Secretariat, which in turn is composed of the following directorates and agencies:

Federal Department of Home Affairs

The Federal Department of Home Affairs (FDHA) is Switzerland's ministry of the Interior. As of 2008, it is headed by Pascal Couchepin (FDP/PRD). It is composed of the following offices:

The following independent authorities are affiliated to the FDHA for administrative purposes:

Federal Department of Justice and Police

The Federal Department of Justice and Police is Switzerland's ministry of justice. As of 2008, it is headed by Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (SVP/UDC). It is composed of the following offices and institutes:

The following independent authorities are affiliated to the FDJP for administrative purposes:

Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports

The Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (DDPS) is Switzerland's ministry of defence. As of 2008, is headed by Samuel Schmid (SVP/UDC). It is composed of the following departmental sectors:

The following services are also part of the DDPS:

Federal Department of Finance

The Federal Department of Finance is Switzerland's ministry of finance. As of 2008, it is headed by Hans-Rudolf Merz (FDP/PRD). It is composed of the following offices:

The following independent authorities are affiliated to the FDF for administrative purposes:

  • Swiss Federal Audit Office (SFAO): The federal government audit office. Examines accounting practices and verifies the proper and efficient use of resources by the administration, other public service institutions and subsidy recipients.
  • Swiss Federal Banking Commission (SFBC): Regulates banks, securities dealers, investment funds and stock exchanges, as well as the disclosure of shareholding interests, public takeover bids and mortgage lenders.
  • Federal Pension Fund (PUBLICA): Provides insurance coverage to employees of the federal administration, the other branches of the federal government and associated organisations.

Federal Department of Economic Affairs

The Federal Department of Economic Affairs (FDEA) is Switzerland's ministry of the economy. As of 2008, it is headed by Doris Leuthard (CVP/PDC). It is composed of the following offices:

The following independent authorities are affiliated to the FDEA for administrative purposes:

Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications

As of 2008, the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC) is headed by Moritz Leuenberger (SPS/PS). It is composed of the following offices:

The following independent authorities are affiliated to the DETEC for administrative purposes:

References

  1. ^ Raimund E. Germann: Tasks of the Federal Administration in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2006-09-25.Error in template * invalid parameter (Template:HDS): "1"
  2. ^ Raimund E. Germann: Non-hierarchical government in the Federal Administration in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2006-09-25.Error in template * invalid parameter (Template:HDS): "1"
  3. ^ Raimund E. Germann: Beginnings and Growth of the Federal Administration in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2006-09-25.Error in template * invalid parameter (Template:HDS): "1"
  4. ^ Raimund E. Germann: Departments and Federal Offices of the Federal Administration in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2006-09-25.Error in template * invalid parameter (Template:HDS): "1"
  5. Raimund E. Germann: Federal Chancellery and Staff Units in the Federal Administration in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2006-09-25.Error in template * invalid parameter (Template:HDS): "1"
  6. Raimund E. Germann: Group Formation and Secretaries of State in the Federal Administration in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 2006-09-25.Error in template * invalid parameter (Template:HDS): "1"
  7. "Organisation of the Federal Chancellery". Federal Chancellery. Retrieved May 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  8. "Organization chart". Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved May 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  9. "Federal offices and competence domains". Federal Department of Home Affairs. Retrieved May 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  10. "Organization Chart FDJP". Federal Department of Justice and Police. Retrieved May 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  11. "Organisation". Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports. Retrieved May 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  12. "Organisation chart". Federal Department of Finance. Retrieved May 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  13. "Organisation of the FDEA". Federal Department of Economic Affairs. Retrieved May 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  14. "The aims of the Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy, and Communications (DETEC)". Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications. Retrieved May 2008. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
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