Revision as of 18:53, 14 February 2009
Template:Handel operas:For the Lully opera please see Acis et Galatée. Acis and Galatea (HWV 49) was originally a masque composed by George Frideric Handel. He first composed this piece while he was living at Cannons (the seat of James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos) during the summer of 1718. It is set to a libretto by John Gay, Alexander Pope, and John Hughes, who borrowed freely from John Dryden's English translation of Ovid published in 1717, The Story of Acis, Polyphemus and Galatea. In 1732 Handel revised and expanded it to three acts and presented the work in London as an ode.
It is not clear whether the original performance was staged, semi-staged, or performed as a concert work. The single voice per part allotted to the chorus links the work with the contemporary Italian serenata. The libretto is based on Ovid's Metamorphoses, xiii (see Acis and Galatea). It was first published in 1722, and went through a number of revisions before finally becoming the two-act work which is generally performed today. It had a number of revivals in various forms and was Handel's most widely performed dramatic work during his lifetime.
Handel is often noted for his recycling of old material in new works; however, for a work based on a text which he had previously set (his outdoor cantata, or serenata: Aci, Galatea e Polifemo, 1708), there is surprisingly little taken from the earlier work. Borrowings include the aria "As when the dove," a reworking of "Amo Tirsi" from the cantata Clori, Tirsi e Fileno and, in the 1732 version, "Un sospiretto" and "Come la rondinella" from the same source.
Perhaps the best-known arias from this piece are the bass solo: "I rage, I melt, I burn" and the tenor aria "Love in her eyes sits playing".
In 1788, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart rescored the work for his then-patron Baron Gottfried van Swieten.
Roles
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, 1718 (Conductor: - ) |
|---|---|---|
| Galatea | soprano | |
| Acis | tenor | |
| Damon | tenor (treble in the 1718 version) | |
| Polyphemus | bass | |
| Coridon | soprano (some versions only) |
Synopsis
Galatea, a semi-divine nymph, is in love with the shepherd Acis, who is friends with Damon, another shepherd. Along comes a monstrous giant, Polyphemus, who falls in love with Galatea. Galatea rejects Polyphemus, as she loves Acis. In anger, Polyphemus kills Acis. Galatea is distraught, but her attendants remind her that she is divine, so she turns him into a fountain, making him immortal.
The Dictionary of National Biographies (DNB), sol XIII, entry for Thomas Mountier (fl 1719-1733) describes that "On 17.5.1752 under Dr.Arne at the New Theater in the haymarket Handel's 'Arcis and Galatea' was first performed ... , (Thomas) Mountier in the part of Acis and Miss Arne as Galatea".
E-book
Score of Acis and Galatea (ed. Friedrich Chrysander, Leipzig 1858)
References
- Stanley Sadie. "Acis and Galatea", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed April 1 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
- Winton Dean. "Handel's Dramatic Oratorios and Masques". Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959.
- Music Associates of America: Acis and Galatea