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| ==Establishing Herzeg-Bosnia== | ==Establishing Herzeg-Bosnia== | ||
| On November 18, 1991 Boban proclaimed the existence of the ], as a separate "political, cultural, economic and territorial whole," on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This was, in line with ] between Croatian president ] and ]n president ] (then of ]) to divide Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croatia and Serbia. <ref name="ICTY: Naletilić and Martinović verdict - A. Historical background">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/naletilic/trialc/judgement/nal-tj030331-1.htm#IIA|title=ICTY: Naletilić and Martinović verdict - A. Historical background|}}</ref> Boban met with Bosnian Serb president ] during May 1992 in ], ] where they agreed on mutual cooperation in the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
On November 18, 1991 Boban proclaimed the existence of the '']'', as a separate "political, cultural, economic and territorial whole," on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This was, in line with ] between Croatian president ] and ]n president ] (then of ]) to divide Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croatia and Serbia. <ref name="ICTY: Naletilić and Martinović verdict - A. Historical background">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/naletilic/trialc/judgement/nal-tj030331-1.htm#IIA|title=ICTY: Naletilić and Martinović verdict - A. Historical background|}}</ref> Boban met with Bosnian Serb president ] during May 1992 in ], ] where they agreed on mutual cooperation in the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the pair met again on ], ] in ] in order to coordinate their actions after the ] rejected the Vance-Owen peace plan). Boban ordered the assassination of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Croats who opposed his plans.<ref name="ICTY_020717ED">{{cite web |date= 17 July 2002|url = http://www.un.org/icty/transe34/020717ED.htm|title = IT-98-34-T, the Prosecutor versus Naletilic and Martinovic|format = HTML |publisher = ]| accessdate = 2007-09-25 | last= |quote=Q. Well, sir, during the time that you lived in Mostar, during these years, and in that region, did you ever -- did you understand that HOS was<BR>Page 13843<BR>a unit that -- an organisation that believed more in a multi-ethnic Bosnia of the Croats and Muslims working together? ... wasn't it because of the HDZ's conflict with that philosophy, that Mr. Kraljevic was ultimately murdered?}}</ref> The most well known were ], ] and ]. Kraljević was lured to a meeting on August 9, 1992 and was assassinated along with 8 of his deputies. Dretar survived assassination attempts but was isolated in the ] enclave throughout the war and as such could not oppose Boban effectively. Stjepan Kljuić remained opposed to Boban for the duration of the war. | ||
| ==Bosnian War== | ==Bosnian War== | ||
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| {{main|Bosnian war}} | {{main|Bosnian war}} | ||
| The deal called for the Serbs to aid the Croats in defeating the Bosniaks and carving a piece of Bosnia and Herzegovina and incorporating it into Croatia. Tensions mounted from June 1992 until early 1993. After many provocations and hostile acts by Croats<ref name="ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez verdict - IV. Attacks on towns and villages: killings - C. The April 1993 Conflagration in Vitez and the Lašva Valley - 3. The Attack on Ahmići (Paragraph 642)">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/kordic/trialc/judgement/kor-tj010226e-5.htm#IVC3|title=ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez verdict - IV. Attacks on towns and villages: killings - C. The April 1993 Conflagration in Vitez and the Lašva Valley - 3. The Attack on Ahmići (Paragraph 642)|}}</ref>, open warfare broke out in April 1993 between Croats and Bosniaks. The Croat militia, the HVO, attacked and expelled Bosniaks all over central and southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, all the while they committed many atrocities against civilians. Examples of this include the massacres in ] and ]. By early 1994 the tide was turning against the Croats. The ] was spending an estimated 3 million ] on the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina every day and faced heavy international criticism for its role in supporting the HVO. The US forced a peace treaty, known as the Washington Accords which were signed in March 1994. Subsequently Pope John Paul II and the US government forced the ouster of Boban.<ref>{{cite web | date = 2006-09-15 | title = US Behind Sacking Of Top Bosnian-Herzegovinian Croats | url = http://iwpr.net/?p=tri&s=f&o=323892&apc_state=henptri | format = HTML | publisher = IWPR | accessdate = 2006-11-15}}</ref> | The deal called for the Serbs to aid the Croats in defeating the Bosniaks and carving a piece of Bosnia and Herzegovina and incorporating it into Croatia. Tensions mounted from June 1992 until early 1993. After many provocations and hostile acts by Croats<ref name="ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez verdict - IV. Attacks on towns and villages: killings - C. The April 1993 Conflagration in Vitez and the Lašva Valley - 3. The Attack on Ahmići (Paragraph 642)">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/icty/kordic/trialc/judgement/kor-tj010226e-5.htm#IVC3|title=ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez verdict - IV. Attacks on towns and villages: killings - C. The April 1993 Conflagration in Vitez and the Lašva Valley - 3. The Attack on Ahmići (Paragraph 642)|}}</ref>, open warfare broke out in April 1993 between Croats and Bosniaks. The Croat militia, the HVO, attacked and expelled Bosniaks all over central and southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, all the while they committed many atrocities against civilians. Examples of this include the massacres in ] and ]. By early 1994 the tide was turning against the Croats. The ] was spending an estimated 3 million ] on the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina every day and faced heavy international criticism for its role in supporting the HVO. The US forced a peace treaty, known as the Washington Accords which were signed in March 1994. Subsequently Pope John Paul II and the US government forced the ouster of Boban.<ref>{{cite web | date = 2006-09-15 | title = US Behind Sacking Of Top Bosnian-Herzegovinian Croats | url = http://iwpr.net/?p=tri&s=f&o=323892&apc_state=henptri | format = HTML | publisher = IWPR | accessdate = 2006-11-15}}</ref>. | ||
| ==Post war life and death== | ==Post war life and death== | ||
| After the Washington accords ended ] Boban went into retirement. On ], ] he had a ] and died three days later at a hospital in ]. His funeral attracted no foreign dignitaries, but did attract many like minded Croats such as ]. |
After the Washington accords ended ] Boban went into retirement. On ], ] he had a ] and died three days later at a hospital in ]. His funeral attracted no foreign dignitaries, but did attract many like minded Croats such as ]. | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 06:46, 26 June 2009
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Mate Boban (1940 - July 7,1997) was a Herzegovian Croat politician and leader of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Croats during the Bosnian-Herzegovinian War. Boban was the only president of the short lived Herzeg-Bosnia (Herceg-Bosna, a self-proclaimed autonomous province of Bosnia and Herzegovina) which was never recognized but existed between 1991-1994.
Pre-war life
Mate Boban was born in the village of Sovići in the municipality of Grude, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina). Prior to the war he managed a publishing company in Imotski, Croatia and subsequently was a bureaucrat in a tobacco factory in Zagreb. Although he had been a member of the communist party since the 1950s he joined the HDZ (Croatian Democratic Union) a nationalist Croat party as soon as it was founded. He was eventually elected to the Bosnian-Herzegovinian parliament and served as HDZ vice-president before rising to the position of party president in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Establishing Herzeg-Bosnia
On November 18, 1991 Boban proclaimed the existence of the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, as a separate "political, cultural, economic and territorial whole," on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This was, in line with Karađorđevo meeting between Croatian president Franjo Tuđman and Serbian president Slobodan Milošević (then of Yugoslavia) to divide Bosnia and Herzegovina between Croatia and Serbia. Boban met with Bosnian Serb president Radovan Karadžić during May 1992 in Graz, Austria where they agreed on mutual cooperation in the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the pair met again on September 2, 1993 in Montenegro in order to coordinate their actions after the Bosniaks rejected the Vance-Owen peace plan). Boban ordered the assassination of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Croats who opposed his plans. The most well known were Stjepan Kljuić, Blaž Kraljević and Tomislav Dretar. Kraljević was lured to a meeting on August 9, 1992 and was assassinated along with 8 of his deputies. Dretar survived assassination attempts but was isolated in the Bihać enclave throughout the war and as such could not oppose Boban effectively. Stjepan Kljuić remained opposed to Boban for the duration of the war.
Bosnian War
Main article: Bosnian warThe deal called for the Serbs to aid the Croats in defeating the Bosniaks and carving a piece of Bosnia and Herzegovina and incorporating it into Croatia. Tensions mounted from June 1992 until early 1993. After many provocations and hostile acts by Croats, open warfare broke out in April 1993 between Croats and Bosniaks. The Croat militia, the HVO, attacked and expelled Bosniaks all over central and southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, all the while they committed many atrocities against civilians. Examples of this include the massacres in Stupni Do and Ahmici. By early 1994 the tide was turning against the Croats. The Republic of Croatia was spending an estimated 3 million Deutsche Mark on the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina every day and faced heavy international criticism for its role in supporting the HVO. The US forced a peace treaty, known as the Washington Accords which were signed in March 1994. Subsequently Pope John Paul II and the US government forced the ouster of Boban..
Post war life and death
After the Washington accords ended Herzeg-Bosnia Boban went into retirement. On July 4, 1997 he had a stroke and died three days later at a hospital in Mostar. His funeral attracted no foreign dignitaries, but did attract many like minded Croats such as Gojko Šušak.
References
- "ICTY: Naletilić and Martinović verdict - A. Historical background".
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - "IT-98-34-T, the Prosecutor versus Naletilic and Martinovic" (HTML). ICTY. 17 July 2002. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
Q. Well, sir, during the time that you lived in Mostar, during these years, and in that region, did you ever -- did you understand that HOS was
Page 13843
a unit that -- an organisation that believed more in a multi-ethnic Bosnia of the Croats and Muslims working together? ... wasn't it because of the HDZ's conflict with that philosophy, that Mr. Kraljevic was ultimately murdered? - "ICTY: Kordić and Čerkez verdict - IV. Attacks on towns and villages: killings - C. The April 1993 Conflagration in Vitez and the Lašva Valley - 3. The Attack on Ahmići (Paragraph 642)".
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - "US Behind Sacking Of Top Bosnian-Herzegovinian Croats" (HTML). IWPR. 2006-09-15. Retrieved 2006-11-15.