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{{Primarysources|date=May 2009}}
{{Infobox_Person | name =Anna Anderson {{Infobox_Person | name =Anna Anderson
| other_names = Franziska Schanzkowska, Anastasia Tschaikovsky, Anastasia Manahan | other_names = Franziska Schanzkowska, "Fräulein Unbekannt", "Frau Tschaikovsky", "Anastasia", Anna Anderson Manahan
| image = Anna1922berlin.jpg | image = Anna1922berlin.jpg
| caption = | caption =
| birth_date = 16 December 1896 | birth_date = 16 December 1896
| birth_place = ], ], ] (modern-day ]) | birth_place = ], ], ], ] (modern-day ])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1984|2|12|1896|12|16}} | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1984|2|12|1896|12|16}}
| death_place = ], ] | death_place = ], ]
| death_cause = ] | death_cause = ]
| spouse = | spouse = Dr. John Eacott "Jack" Manahan (1919 – 22 March 1990)<ref name=thehook>{{citation|author=Tucker, William O., Jr.|date=5 July 2007|title=Jack & Anna: Remembering the czar of Charlottesville eccentrics|url=http://www.readthehook.com/stories/2007/07/05/COVER-jackManahan-I.rtf.aspx|journal=The Hook|publisher=Better Publications LLC|location=Charlottesville, Virginia|accessdate=1 July 2009}}</ref>
}} }}
'''Anastasia Manahan''', usually known as '''Anna Anderson'''<ref> Vorres, I, ''The Last Grand Duchess'', p.19</ref><ref name="movie">''Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna''.1986.</ref> (16 December 1896 &ndash; 12 February 1984), was one of several impostors who claimed to be ], the youngest daughter of the last Tsar and Tsarina of Russia, ] and ].<ref name=plosone>{{citation|author=Coble, Michael D.; Loreille, Odile M.; Wadhams, Mark J.; Edson, Suni M.; Maynard, Kerry; Meyer, Carna E.; Niederstätter, Harald; Berger, Cordula; Berger, Burkhard; Falsetti, Anthony B.; Gill, Peter; Parson, Walther; Finelli, Louis N.|date=11 March 2009|title=Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=4|issue=3|page=e4838|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004838|url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0004838|accessdate=22 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Godl|first=John|date=August 1998|title=Anastasia: The Unmasking of Anna Anderson|journal=The European Royal History Journal|issue=VI|publisher=Arturo Beeche|location=Oakland|pages=3–8}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Massie|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert K. Massie|year=1995|title=The Romanovs The Final Chapter|publisher=Carol|location=Secaucus, New Jersey|page=187}}</ref> Hardly any relatives of Grand Duchess Anastasia believed Anderson was the Grand Duchess, who was murdered with her family on the night of 17 July 1918, by Bolsheviks in ], ]. <ref> Saint Peter and Paul Cathedral and the Grand Ducal Burial Chapel, p.129 </ref><ref> Vadim Znamenov, Nicholas II:The Imperial Family, p.119</ref><ref> Russian Tsars by Boris Antonov, p.172</ref> Remains from all seven members of the Imperial family have been identified through ], and the results have been independently verified by multiple laboratories.<ref name=plosone/> This confirms that all the Romanovs were murdered.<ref name=cbsnews></ref> '''Anna Anderson''' (16 December 1896 – 12 February 1984), was one of several impostors who claimed to be ]. Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the last Tsar and Tsarina of Russia, ] and ], was murdered with her family on 17 July 1918 by Bolsheviks in ], ]. The remains of all seven members of the ] have been identified through ], and the results have been independently verified by multiple laboratories in different countries.<ref name=plosone>{{citation|author=Coble, Michael D.; Loreille, Odile M.; Wadhams, Mark J.; Edson, Suni M.; Maynard, Kerry; Meyer, Carna E.; Niederstätter, Harald; Berger, Cordula; Berger, Burkhard; Falsetti, Anthony B.; Gill, Peter; Parson, Walther; Finelli, Louis N.|date=11 March 2009|title=Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=4|issue=3|page=e4838|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004838|url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0004838|accessdate=2 July 2009}}</ref>


In 1920, Anderson was institutionalised after a suicide attempt in ]. At first, she went by the name ''Fräulein Unbekannt'' (German for Miss Unknown) as she refused to reveal her identity to anybody in the mental hospital. Later she used the name Tschaikovsky and then Anderson. The false claims in the mental hospital that Anderson was a ] first received public attention in March 1922. Most members of Grand Duchess Anastasia's family and those who had known her, including court tutor ], said Anderson could not be her. In 1927, a private investigation funded by the Tsarina's brother, ], identified Anderson with '''Franziska Schanzkowska''', a ] factory worker with a history of mental illness. After a lawsuit lasting many decades, the German courts ruled that Anderson had failed to prove she was Anastasia, but through media coverage, her claim had become renowned.
It is widely accepted that Anderson was '''Franziska Schanzkowska''', a ] factory worker.<ref name=Xenia174>''Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II'', by ] & Coryne Hall, p.174</ref><ref name=Vorres240>Vorres, I, ''The Last Grand Duchess'', p.240</ref> Credible historians accept this identity, and major news agencies such as The Associated Press and United Press International state as a fact in their reporting that Anderson was Schanzkowska.<ref>{{citation|author=Gutterman, Steve|date=23 August 2007|title=Bones turn up in hunt for last czar’s son|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20417240/|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=23 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Sief, Martin|date=1 May 2008|title=Romanov mystery finally solved|url=http://www.upi.com/news/issueoftheday/2008/05/01/Romanov-mystery-finally-solved/UPI-19691209678305/|publisher=United Press International|accessdate=23 June 2009}}</ref>


⚫ Anderson lived with various supporters and in sanatoria and nursing homes in the United States and Germany, where she lived during ]. She emigrated to the United States in 1968, and married "Jack" Manahan, an eccentric history professor, shortly before the expiry of her visa.<ref name=thehook/> Upon her death in 1984, Anderson's body was cremated, and her ashes were buried in the churchyard at Castle Seeon, Germany.<ref name=massie193>{{citation|last=Massie|first=Robert K.|authorlink=Robert K. Massie|year=1995|title=The Romanovs: The Final Chapter|publisher=Carol|location=Secaucus, New Jersey|page=193|isbn=}}</ref> Ten years later, ]s were conducted on a lock of her hair and samples of her tissue that had been stored at a ] hospital following a medical procedure. The DNA tests showed that Anderson's DNA did not match in any way the Romanov remains or living relatives of the Romanovs.<ref name=Xenia174>{{citation|last=Van der Kiste|first=John|authorlink=John Van der Kiste|coauthors=Hall, Coryne|title=Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II|publisher=Sutton Publishing|year=2002|location=Phoenix Mill|isbn=0 750 92749 6}}</ref><ref name=nature>{{citation|author=Stoneking, Mark; Melton, Terry; Nott, Julian; Barritt, Suzanne; Roby, Rhonda; Holland, Mitchell; Weedn, Victor; Gill, Peter; Kimpton, Colin; Aliston-Greiner, Rosemary; Sullivan, Kevin|date=9 January 1995|title=Establishing the identity of Anna Anderson Manahan|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=9|pages=9-10|url=http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v9/n1/abs/ng0195-9.html|accessdate=2 July 2009|doi=10.1038/ng0195-9}}</ref> Anderson's ] matched the mitochondrial DNA profile of Karl Maucher, a great-nephew of Franziska Schanzkowska.<ref name=nature/> Five years after the original testing was done, the DNA sequence tying Anderson to the Schanzkowska family was still unique though the database of DNA patterns had grown much larger, leading to increased confidence she was Franziska Schanzkowsa.<ref name=godl2>{{citation|author=Godl, John|date=25 March 2000|title=Remembering Anna Anderson|url=http://www.serfes.org/royal/rememberingannaanderson.htm|publisher=Archimandrite Nektarios Serfes|location=Boise, Idaho|accessdate=29 June 2009}}</ref> Eminent scientists,<ref name=plosone/><ref>{{citation|authorlink=Brian Sykes|author=Sykes, Brian|year=2001|title=]|publisher=Norton|location=New York|page=75|isbn=0 393 02018 5}}</ref> and major news agencies<ref>{{citation|author=Gutterman, Steve|date=23 August 2007|title=Bones turn up in hunt for last czar's son|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20417240/|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=23 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Sieff, Martin|date=1 May 2008|title=Romanov mystery finally solved|url=http://www.upi.com/news/issueoftheday/2008/05/01/Romanov-mystery-finally-solved/UPI-19691209678305/|publisher=United Press International|accessdate=23 June 2009}}</ref> accept that Anderson was Schanzkowska.
As early as the 1920s, a private detective investigation had tried to identify Anderson as Schanzkowska, who was born on 16 December 1896, in ] (then in ] but now in ]).<ref>Kurth, Peter, ''Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson'', 1983</ref> In 1927, based on information from that investigation, the Berlin Police officially accepted the identification of the "Unknown" as Schanzkowska.<ref>Clarke, Lost Fortune of the Tsars, p.134</ref> After a lawsuit that went on for decades, the German courts ruled that Anderson had failed to prove that she was Anastasia.

⚫ Anderson's body was cremated upon her death in 1984. Her ashes were buried in the churchyard at Castle Seeon, Germany.<ref name=Massie193>Massie, R., ''The Romanovs The Final Chapter'' p.193</ref> Ten years later, ]s were conducted on samples of her tissue that had been stored at a ] hospital following a medical procedure. The DNA tests showed that Anderson's ] did not match in any way the Romanov remains or ] (a great-nephew of Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna), but was consistent with the mitochondrial DNA profile of Karl Maucher, a great-nephew of Franziska Schanzkowska, which indicates that she was Schanzkowska.<ref name=Xenia174/><ref name=nature>{{citation|author=Stoneking, Mark; Melton, Terry; Nott, Julian; Barritt, Suzanne; Roby, Rhonda; Holland, Mitchell; Weedn, Victor; Gill, Peter; Kimpton, Colin; Aliston-Greiner, Rosemary; Sullivan, Kevin|date=9 January 1995|title=Establishing the identity of Anna Anderson Manahan|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=9|pages=9-10|url=http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v9/n1/abs/ng0195-9.html|accessdate=22 June 2009|doi=10.1038/ng0195-9}}</ref> Four years after the original testing was done, Dr. Terry Melton stated that the DNA sequence tying Anderson to the Schanzkowska family was still unique though the database of DNA patterns had grown much larger, leading to increased confidence she was indeed Franziska Schanzkowsa.<ref>{{citation|author=Godl, John|date=25 March 2000|title=Remembering Anna Anderson|url=http://www.serfes.org/royal/rememberingAnnaAnderson.htm|publisher=Archimandrite Nektarios Serfes|location=Boise, Idaho|accessdate=29 June 2009}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==

Revision as of 07:46, 8 July 2009

Anna Anderson
File:Anna1922berlin.jpg
Born16 December 1896
Borowihlas, Pomerania, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire (modern-day Poland)
Died12 February 1984(1984-02-12) (aged 87)
Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Cause of deathPneumonia
Other namesFranziska Schanzkowska, "Fräulein Unbekannt", "Frau Tschaikovsky", "Anastasia", Anna Anderson Manahan
SpouseDr. John Eacott "Jack" Manahan (1919 – 22 March 1990)

Anna Anderson (16 December 1896 – 12 February 1984), was one of several impostors who claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia. Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the last Tsar and Tsarina of Russia, Nicholas II and Alexandra, was murdered with her family on 17 July 1918 by Bolsheviks in Ekaterinburg, Russia. The remains of all seven members of the Imperial family have been identified through DNA testing, and the results have been independently verified by multiple laboratories in different countries.

In 1920, Anderson was institutionalised after a suicide attempt in Berlin. At first, she went by the name Fräulein Unbekannt (German for Miss Unknown) as she refused to reveal her identity to anybody in the mental hospital. Later she used the name Tschaikovsky and then Anderson. The false claims in the mental hospital that Anderson was a Russian grand duchess first received public attention in March 1922. Most members of Grand Duchess Anastasia's family and those who had known her, including court tutor Pierre Gilliard, said Anderson could not be her. In 1927, a private investigation funded by the Tsarina's brother, Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, identified Anderson with Franziska Schanzkowska, a Kashubian factory worker with a history of mental illness. After a lawsuit lasting many decades, the German courts ruled that Anderson had failed to prove she was Anastasia, but through media coverage, her claim had become renowned.

Anderson lived with various supporters and in sanatoria and nursing homes in the United States and Germany, where she lived during World War II. She emigrated to the United States in 1968, and married "Jack" Manahan, an eccentric history professor, shortly before the expiry of her visa. Upon her death in 1984, Anderson's body was cremated, and her ashes were buried in the churchyard at Castle Seeon, Germany. Ten years later, DNA tests were conducted on a lock of her hair and samples of her tissue that had been stored at a Charlottesville, Virginia hospital following a medical procedure. The DNA tests showed that Anderson's DNA did not match in any way the Romanov remains or living relatives of the Romanovs. Anderson's mitochondrial DNA matched the mitochondrial DNA profile of Karl Maucher, a great-nephew of Franziska Schanzkowska. Five years after the original testing was done, the DNA sequence tying Anderson to the Schanzkowska family was still unique though the database of DNA patterns had grown much larger, leading to increased confidence she was Franziska Schanzkowsa. Eminent scientists, and major news agencies accept that Anderson was Schanzkowska.

See also

References

  1. ^ Tucker, William O., Jr. (5 July 2007), "Jack & Anna: Remembering the czar of Charlottesville eccentrics", The Hook, Charlottesville, Virginia: Better Publications LLC, retrieved 1 July 2009{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Coble, Michael D.; Loreille, Odile M.; Wadhams, Mark J.; Edson, Suni M.; Maynard, Kerry; Meyer, Carna E.; Niederstätter, Harald; Berger, Cordula; Berger, Burkhard; Falsetti, Anthony B.; Gill, Peter; Parson, Walther; Finelli, Louis N. (11 March 2009), "Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis", PLoS ONE, 4 (3): e4838, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004838, retrieved 2 July 2009{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. Massie, Robert K. (1995), The Romanovs: The Final Chapter, Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol, p. 193
  4. Van der Kiste, John (2002), Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II, Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing, ISBN 0 750 92749 6 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Stoneking, Mark; Melton, Terry; Nott, Julian; Barritt, Suzanne; Roby, Rhonda; Holland, Mitchell; Weedn, Victor; Gill, Peter; Kimpton, Colin; Aliston-Greiner, Rosemary; Sullivan, Kevin (9 January 1995), "Establishing the identity of Anna Anderson Manahan", Nature Genetics, 9: 9–10, doi:10.1038/ng0195-9, retrieved 2 July 2009{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. Godl, John (25 March 2000), Remembering Anna Anderson, Boise, Idaho: Archimandrite Nektarios Serfes, retrieved 29 June 2009
  7. Sykes, Brian (2001), The Seven Daughters of Eve, New York: Norton, p. 75, ISBN 0 393 02018 5
  8. Gutterman, Steve (23 August 2007), Bones turn up in hunt for last czar's son, Associated Press, retrieved 23 June 2009
  9. Sieff, Martin (1 May 2008), Romanov mystery finally solved, United Press International, retrieved 23 June 2009

Bibliography

  • Saint Peter and Paul Cathedral and the Grand Ducal Burial Chapel. St. Petersburg, Russia: The Cultural Committee of the Government of St. Petersburg/The State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg. 2006. ISBN 5-902671-37-X.
  • Antonov, Boris (2004). Russian Tsars. St. Petersburg, Russian Federation: Ivan Fiodorov Art Publishers. ISBN 5-93893-109-6.
  • Godl, John (August 1998), "Anastasia: The Unmasking of Anna Anderson", The European Royal History Journal (VI), Oakland: Arturo Beeche: 3–8
  • Greece, Prince Christopher of (1938). Memoirs of HRH Prince Christopher of Greece. London: The Right Book Club.
  • Hall, Coryne (1999). Little Mother of Russia - A Biography of Empress Marie Feodorovna. London: Shepheard-Walwyn (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0 85683 177 8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • King, Greg (2003). The Fate of the Romanovs. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Klier, John (1999). The Quest for Anastasia: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Romanovs. Citadel. ISBN 0-8065-2064-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Knodt, Manfred (1997). Ernst Ludwig: Grossherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein. Sein Leben und seine Zeit,. Darmstadt: Schlapp. ISBN 3-87704-006-3.
  • Kurth, Peter (1995). Anastasia: The Life of Anna Anderson. Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-5954-4.
  • Kurth, Peter (1997?). Anastasia: The Riddle of Anna Anderson. Back Bay. ISBN 0-316-50717-2. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Kurth, Peter (1995). Tsar. Toronto: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-50787-3.
  • Lerche, Anna (2003). A Royal Family: The Story Of Christian IX And His European Descendants. Egmont Lademann A/S Denmark. ISBN 87-15-10957-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Lovell, James Blair (1998). Anastasia: The Lost Princess. Robson. ISBN 0-86051-807-8.
  • Massie, Robert K. (1971). Nicholas and Alexandra. London: Pan Books. ISBN 0 330 02213 X.
  • Massie, Robert K. (1995). The Romanovs: The Final Chapter. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol.
  • Romanov, Alexander Mikhailovich, Grand Duke (1933). Always A Grand Duke. Cassell.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Van der Kiste, John (2002). Once A Grand Duchess: Xiena, Sister of Nicholas II. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0 7509 2749 6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • von Hessen und bei Rhein, Ernst Ludwig, Grossherzog (1916). Ernst Ludwig, Grossherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein - Tagebuch. Homburg: Hessiche Hausstiftung.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Von Rahl, Frau (19 June-4 July 1925). The Notes of Frau Von Rahl. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Vorres, Ian (2001 revised edition). The Last Grand Duchess. Key Porter Books. ISBN 13 978-1552633021. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Yussopov, Felix, Prince (19 September 1927). Letter of Prince Felix Yussopov to Grand Duke Andrei. Hamburg.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Znamenov, Vadim (2004). Nicholas II: The Imperial Family. St. Petersburg, Russian Federation: Abris Publishers. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

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