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Throughout history, there are many names used to refer to Vietnam. Besides official names, there are names that are used unofficially to refer to territory of Vietnam. Vietnam was called Văn Lang during the Hùng Vương Dynasty, Âu Lạc during the An Dương Vương dynasty, Nam Việt during the Trieu Dynasty, Van Xuan during the Anterior Lý Dynasty, Đại Cồ Việt during the Đinh dynasty and Anterior Lê Dynasty. Starting in 1054, Vietnam was called Đại Việt (Great Viet). During the Hồ Dynasty, Vietnam was called Đại Ngu. "Việt Nam" was adopted as the official name of the country by Emperor Gia Long in 1804. In 1839, Emperor Minh Mạng renamed the country Đại Nam ("Great South"). In 1945, the nation's name was changed into "Vietnam" again follow the establishment of Empire of Vietnam and then this name was used by successive Vietnamese countries until now.

In English, the two syllables are usually combined into one word, "Vietnam." However, "Viet Nam" was once common usage and is still used by the United Nations.

Official names

Below are the official names of Vietnam since the foundation of Vietnam. These names are recorded in history books and/or officially used in international diplomacy.

• Văn Lang
  • This is considered the first official title of Vietnam. This state was located in Phong Chau (present-day Phu Tho province). The territory consisted of the Red River Delta and Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces. This state existed until 258 BCE.
• Âu Lạc
• Vạn Xuân
• Dã Năng
• Đại Cồ Việt
• Đại Việt
• Đại Ngu
• Việt Nam
• Đại Nam
• Empire of Vietnam
• Democratic Republic of Vietnam
• Republic of Cochinchina
• State of Vietnam
• Republic of Vietnam
• Republic of South Vietnam
• Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Controversial titles

Controversial titles include:

• Xích Quỷ
• Nam Việt
• An Nam

Notes

1. Nicholas Tarling (2000). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: From Early Times C. 1500. Cambridge University Press. p. 139. ISBN 0521663695.
2. Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M.; La Boda, Sharon (1994). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. Taylor & Francis. p. 399. ISBN 1884964044.
3. Actually, Gia Long was tend to use the name Nam Viet but the Qing Emperor Jiaqing refused because this name and the name of accident kingdom of Nam Viet, which used to cover a large part of China, were same. Hence, Jiaqing reserved Nam Viet to Viet Nam. Read more at: L. Shelton Woods (2002). Vietnam: a global studies handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 38. ISBN 1576074161.
4. A. Dirk Moses (2008). Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History. Berghahn Books. p. 213. ISBN 1845454529.

References

• Trần Trọng Kim. Việt Nam Sử Lược.

• Vietnam
• Toponymy