List of new religious movements: Difference between revisions

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			{{refimprove\|date=August 2008}}
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			This '''list of new religious movements''' (NRMs), lists groups that either identify themselves as religious, ethical or spiritual organizations, or are generally seen as such by religious scholars, which are independent of older denominations, churches, or religious bodies. Although there is no one criterion or set of criteria for describing a group as a "]", use of the term usually requires that the group be both ''of recent origin'' and ''different from existing religions''.
	This '''list of new religious movements''' (]), lists groups identified as such by religious scholars.

			Debate surrounds the phrase "of recent origin". Some authors use World War II as the dividing line, whereas others define as "new" everything after the advent of the ] (mid-19th century) or even everything after ] (17th century).<ref>The definitions of "new" vary greatly. Some authors such as ] and ], see as new movements those originating or appearing in a new context after ], others define as "new" movements originating after the Bahá'í Faith or even everything originating after Sikhism. For this article, the following is used: "The historical bench-mark normally taken to divide new religions from old is the Second World War or shortly after. Thus Peter Clarke identifies his focus as 'those new religions that have emerged in Britain since 1945'. (Clarke, 1987, p 5.) - http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/diskus/chryssides.html Retrieved 18 September 2008</ref>
	{{CompactTOC8
	\| sep='''·''' \| side=yes \| center=yes \| align=left
	\| pre1=Background
	\| pre2=Movements
	\| prebreak=
	\| seealso=yes\|notesfirst=yes\|refs=yes\|extlinks=yes}}

			== Influenced by major religions ==
	==Movements==
	===3===
	* ]<ref>], p. 131.</ref>

	===A===		=== Buddhism-oriented ===
			{{main\|Schools of Buddhism}}
	* ]<ref name="Beit-Hallahmi">], p. 1</ref><ref name="Lewis 1998">], p. 25.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 25-28.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 28.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 28-29.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 3.</ref><ref name="Chryssides">], p. 25-26.</ref><ref>], p. 29-31.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 26.</ref>
	* ]es, also known as ]es<ref>], p. 26-27.</ref>
	* ], previously ], ], and ]<ref>], p. 31.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 32.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 6.</ref><ref>], p. 32.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 6.</ref><ref>], p. 27-28.</ref><ref>], p. 32-33.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 7.</ref><ref>], p. 28-29.</ref>
	* ], also known as ], ], and ]<ref>], p. 7.</ref><ref>], p. 29.</ref><ref>], p. 33-34.</ref>
	* ], previously known as ]<ref>], p. 23.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 34-35.</ref>
	* ], also known as ]<ref>], p. 9.</ref><ref>], p. 35.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 35.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 35-36.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 36.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 9.</ref><ref>], p. 36.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 10.</ref><ref>], p. 36.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 37.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 37-38.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 38.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 38.</ref>
	* ] <ref>], p. 38-40.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 30.</ref><ref>], p. 159.</ref><ref>], p. 124</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 11.</ref><ref name="Chryssides1999">], p. 370</ref><ref>], p. 30-31.</ref><ref>], p. 41.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 43.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 11.</ref><ref>], p. 31.</ref><ref>], p. 42-43.</ref>
	* ], also known as ]<ref>], p. 43.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 13.</ref><ref>], p. 43-44.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 44.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 13.</ref><ref>], p. 33-34.</ref><ref>], p. 44-47.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 47.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 47-48.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 47-48.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 15.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 48.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 48.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 16.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 38.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 17.</ref><ref>], p. 38-39.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 18.</ref><ref>], p. 40-41.</ref>
	* ], also known as ]<ref>], p. 91.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 41-42.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 18.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 19.</ref><ref>], p. 42.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 21.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 19.</ref><ref>], p. 42.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 21.</ref><ref>], p. 42-43.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 316.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 22-23.</ref><ref>], p. 43-44.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 44-45.</ref><ref>], p. 261.</ref><ref>], p. 171.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 24.</ref>

			* ] (now known as Aleph)
	===B===
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 25-26.</ref><ref>], p. 48-49.</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 50-51.</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 32.</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 33.</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 34.</ref><ref>], p. 77.</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref>{{cite web \| last = Pardon \| first = Robert T. \| \|title='The Body of Christ' - Descent from Benign Bible Study to Destructive Cult work \|work= Research: ] \| url=http://www.neirr.org/AttleboroHistoryNew.htm \|publisher=www.neirr.org \| accessdate = 2009-09-30 }}</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 37.</ref><ref name="bhugra" /><ref>], p. 56-57.</ref>
			* ]<ref name="powerfaith" />
	* ]<ref>], p. 38.</ref><ref>], p. 59.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 60-61.</ref>
	* ], also called ]<ref>], p. 39-40.</ref><ref>], p. 61-62.</ref>
	* ], also known as the ] and ]<ref>], p. 63-64.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 269-270.</ref>
	* ], home of the ]<ref>], p. 67.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 41-42.</ref><ref>], p. 67-68.</ref>

	===C===		=== Christianity-oriented ===
			{{main\|List of Christian denominations}}
	* ]<ref>], p. 43.</ref><ref>], p. 68.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 43-44.</ref><ref>], p. 68-69.</ref>
	* ], also known as ]<ref>], p. 44.</ref><ref>], p. 69-70.</ref>
	* ]s<ref>], p. 45.</ref><ref>], p. 70.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 72.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 73.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 73-74.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 206, 368.</ref><ref>], p. 70.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 78.</ref>
	* ], also called ] and ]<ref>], p. 78-79.</ref>
	*], also called ]<ref>], p. 80-81.</ref>
	* ], also known as ] and ]<ref>], p. 79.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 47-48.</ref><ref name="bhugra" />
	* ]<ref>], p. 82-83.</ref>
	* ], also called Thomasites<ref>], p. 50.</ref><ref>], p. 81-82.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 51.</ref>
	* ], also known as the ] and ]<ref>], p. 83.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 298.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 138.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 84.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 86.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 54.</ref><ref>], p. 86-87.</ref>
	* ], also known as the ]<ref>], p. 87-88.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 58.</ref><ref>], p. 88-89.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 58.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 59.</ref><ref>], p. 89-90.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 61.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 62.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 62.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 63, 65.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 62-63.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 65.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 91-92.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 257, 259-260.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 69.</ref>
	* ], also known as ]<ref>], p. 92-93.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 93.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 70-71.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 94, 371.</ref><ref>], p. 94.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 281.</ref><ref>], p. 94-95.</ref>
	* ], also known as CARP<ref>], p. 71.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 74.</ref><ref>], p. 180.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 75.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 247.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 96.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 75.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 76.</ref><ref>], p. 97.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 1.</ref><ref>], p. 98.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 98.</ref><ref>], p. 48-49.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 99.</ref><ref>], p. 99.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 78.</ref><ref>], p. 99-100.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 100.</ref>
	*]es<ref>], p. 103.</ref>

			* ]
	===D===
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 258.</ref>
			* ], known as the "garbage eaters"
	* ]<ref>], p. 84.</ref>
			* ]
			* ], also known as Two-by-Twos or Friends and Workers
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]<ref>{{Citation
			\| first = Eugene
			\| author-link =Gallagher
			\| title = Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America
			\| publisher = Greenwood Press …
			\| year = October 2006
			\| page = 86
			\| isbn = 978-0275987138 }}
			</ref>
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ] <ref name="powerfaith">Power Faith and Religion, NPR April 12, 2005 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1895496</ref>
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ] (Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus)
			* ]

	===E===		=== Hinduism-oriented ===
			{{main\|Hindu revivalism\|List of Hindu organisations}}
	* ]<ref>], p. 91.</ref>
	* ] (formerly ])<ref>], p. 85-86.</ref><ref name="bhugra">], p. 126.</ref><ref name="beckford">], p. 156.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 17.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 97.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 97.</ref>

			* ]
	===F===
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			=== Islam-oriented / Quranic ===
	* ]<ref>], p. 195.</ref>
			{{Main\|Muslim sects}}
	* ]<ref>], p. 103.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 104.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 104.</ref>
	*]<ref> {{Cite journal \| series = Mini-Consultation on Reaching Mystics and Cultists \| place = Pattaya, Thailand \| pages = LOP 11.1.e \| year = 1980 \| unused_data = Lausanne Occasional Paper }}</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 108.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 272.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 113-114.</ref>

			{{seealso\|Quranic religions}}
	===G===
	* ]<ref>], p. 117.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 117.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 119.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 122-123.</ref>

			* ]
	===H===
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 129.</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 133.</ref>

	===I===		=== Judaism-oriented ===
			{{Main\|Jewish denominations}}
	* ]<ref>], p. 138.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 142.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 143.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 108.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 146-148.</ref>

			* ]
	===J===
			* ]
	* ]<ref></ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 150, 152-153.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 153.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 153.</ref><ref>], p. 86.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 155.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 155.</ref>

	===K===		=== Sikhism-oriented ===
			{{Main\|Sikhism}}
	* ]<ref>], p. 157-158.</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref name="krogh">], p. 167.</ref>
			{{seealso\|Category:Sikh groups and sects}}
	* ]<ref>], p. 158.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 161.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 161.</ref>

	===L===		=== Taoism-oriented ===
			{{Main\|Taoism}}
	* ]<ref>], p. 164.</ref>
	* ] (formerly ])<ref name="bhugra">], p. 126.</ref><ref name="beckford">], p. 156.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 165.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 165.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 165-166.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], pp. 360-362.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 169, 171.</ref>
	* ], also known as the ] and ]<ref>], p. 90-91.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 172-173.</ref>

			* ]
	===M===
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 176.</ref>
			* ]<ref>{{Citation
	* ]<ref>], p. 46.</ref><ref>], p. 293.</ref>
			\| last = Cook
	* ]<ref>], p. 178.</ref>
			\| first = Ryan J
	* ]<ref>], p. 181.</ref>
			\| title = Research: NRMs & Govt.
	* ] followers<ref name="beckford">], p. 156.</ref>
			\| url=http://www.anthroufo.info/an-gov.html
	* ]<ref>], p. 184.</ref>
			\| accessdate = 30 April 2006 }}
	* ]<ref>], p. 186.</ref>
			</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 186.</ref>
			* ] sects, including
	* ]<ref>], p. 186, 188.</ref>
			** ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 188, 190.</ref>
			** ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 190, 192.</ref>
			** ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 194.</ref>
			** ]
			** ]

	===N===		=== Pagan-oriented ===
	* ]<ref>], p. 196.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 169.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 217.</ref><ref>], p. 200.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 197.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 202.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 205.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], pp. 310-311.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 207.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 208.</ref>

			{{main\| Neopaganism\| List of Neopagan movements}}
	===O===
			Also see the section on Neopagan religions (below).
	* ]<ref>], p. 216.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 217.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 219.</ref>

	===P===		=== Syncretistic ===
			{{Main\|Syncretism}}
	* ]<ref>], p. 225.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 224-225.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 226.</ref><ref>], pp. 49-52</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 228.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 228-229.</ref><ref>], p. 61.</ref>

			Faiths created from blending earlier religions or that consider all or some religions to be essentially the same, often founded by ]/]/] who profess to fulfill multiple prophecies simultaneously.
	===R===
	* ]<ref>], p. 234.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 234.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 234, 236.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 236, 238.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 241.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 241, 243.</ref><ref>], pp. 62-64.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 244.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 245-246.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 248.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 249.</ref>

			* ]{{fact}}
	===S===
			* ]{{fact}}
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]{{fact}}
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]{{fact}}
			* ]{{fact}}
			* ]/]ism
			* ]{{fact}}
			* ]
			* ]{{fact}}
			* ] <ref>http://www.uua.org/aboutus/glossaryacronyms/8945_21.shtml</ref>
			* ]{{fact}}
			* ]{{fact}}

			== Regional ==
	* ]<ref>], p. 251.</ref>
	* ]<ref name="inform">{{cite web \| last =INFORM staff \| title =Information about Sahaja Yoga \| work =INFORM \| publisher =www.staffs.ac.uk \| date =2001 \| url =http://www.staffs.ac.uk/images/SahajaYoga_tcm68-21070.pdf \| accessdate = 2009-09-30 }}</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 251.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 252, 254.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 210.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 256.</ref>
	* ]<ref name="bhugra" /><ref>], pp. 188, 263–265.</ref><ref name="lewisufo">], p. 42.</ref><ref>], pp. 182-186.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 261.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 262.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 262-263.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 263, 265.</ref>
	* ], also known as the ]<ref>], p. 189.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 266.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 266-267.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 266.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 268-269.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 271.</ref><ref>], p. 10.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 279.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 279.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 281.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 281.</ref>

			NRMs with ties to local "indigenous" traditions or geographically limited influence.
	===T===
	* ]<ref>], p. 287-288.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 106.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 292-293, 295-296.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 212, 334-335.</ref>

	===U===		=== Africa ===
	* ]<ref>], p. 299.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 300, 302-303.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 303.</ref>
	* ] <ref>], p. 335.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 304.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 304-305.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 305.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 305.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 287-306.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 306-307.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 310.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 311.</ref>

			NRMs based in Africa or drawing on ].
	===V===
	* ]<ref>], p. 313.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 314.</ref>
	* ]<ref>], p. 316.</ref>

			* ]
	===W===
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 318.</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 319.</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 87.</ref>
			* ]
	* ]<ref>], p. 320.</ref>
			* ]

	===Z===		==== Afro-American ====
			{{Main\|Afro-American religions}}
	* ]<ref>], p. 327.</ref>

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			==== Afro-Caribbean ====
			* ]
			* ]

			=== Central Asia ===

			* ]

			=== Central and South America ===

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			=== China ===

			* ]

			===India===
			* ] followers<ref name="beckford">], p. 156.</ref>

			=== Indonesia ===

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			=== Japan ===
			{{Main\|Shinshukyo}}

			* ] (])
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			=== Korea ===

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			=== Oceania ===

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			=== Philippines ===

			* ]
			* ]

			=== Taiwan ===

			* ]
			* ]

			=== United States ===

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]<ref name="bhugra" />
			* ]
			* ]<ref name="bhugra" />
			* ]<ref name="bhugra" />
			* ]
			* ] (formerly ]),<ref name="bhugra">], p. 126.</ref><ref name="beckford">], p. 156.</ref>
			* ]
			* ] (formerly ])<ref name="bhugra">], p. 126.</ref><ref name="beckford">], p. 156.</ref>
			* ]<ref>], p. 46.</ref><ref>], p. 293.</ref>
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]<ref>A Guide to New Religious Movements, By: Ronald Enroth, Publisher: InterVarsity Press (June 30, 2005),
			Language: English, ISBN-10: 0830823816, ISBN-13: 978-0830823819
			</ref>{{page number}}
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			=== Vietnam ===

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			== Neopaganism ==

			] religions in the category of ].

			{{Main\|List of Neopagan movements}}

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]<ref name="powerfaith" />
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			== Esotericism, New Age, Occultism, Spiritism ==
			{{Main\|Esotericism\|New Age\|Occultism\|Spiritism}}

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			== UFO religions ==
			{{Main\|UFO religion}}

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]<ref>], pp. 188, 263–265.</ref><ref name="lewisufo">], p. 42.</ref><ref>], pp. 182-186.</ref>


			== Entheogenic ==
			{{seealso\|Category:Religious organizations using entheogens}}

			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			== Technology-oriented ==
			{{see\|Transhumanism}}

			* ]
			* ]

			== Ethnic supremacist ==

			* ]<ref>], p. 17.</ref>
			* ]<ref>], p. 217.</ref>
			* ]

	== See also ==		== See also ==

	{{portal\|Religion\|P religion world.svg}}
	* ]		* ]

	==Notes==		==Notes==
	{{reflist\|~~colwidth=25em~~}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	== References ==		== References ==
	{{refbegin}}
	*<cite id=Aldridge>{{cite book \| last =Aldridge \| first =Alan E. \| title =Religion in the Contemporary World: A Sociological Introduction \| publisher =Polity Press \| year =2000 \| isbn = 0745620833}}</cite>		*<cite id=Aldridge>{{cite book \| last =Aldridge \| first =Alan E. \| title =Religion in the Contemporary World: A Sociological Introduction \| publisher =Polity Press \| year =2000 \| isbn = 0745620833}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Arweck>{{cite book \| first = Elizabeth \| last = Arweck \| title = Researching New Religious Movements: Responses and Redefinitions \| publisher = Routledge \| year = 2005 \| isbn = 0759103569 }}</cite>
	*<cite id=Atkins>{{cite book \| last =Atkins \| first =Stephen E. \| title =Encyclopedia of Modern American Extremists and Extremist Groups \| publisher =Greenwood Press \| year =2002 \| isbn =0313315027 }}</cite>		*<cite id=Atkins>{{cite book \| last =Atkins \| first =Stephen E. \| title =Encyclopedia of Modern American Extremists and Extremist Groups \| publisher =Greenwood Press \| year =2002 \| isbn =0313315027 }}</cite>
	*<cite id=Barrett>{{cite book \| last =Barrett \| first =David V. \| authorlink =David V. Barrett \| title =] \| publisher =Cassell \| year =2001 \| isbn = 0304355925}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Beckford>{{cite book \| last =Beckford \| first =James A. \| title =Social Theory and Religion \| publisher =Cambridge University Press \| year =2003 \| isbn = 0521774314}}</cite>		*<cite id=Beckford>{{cite book \| last =Beckford \| first =James A. \| title =Social Theory and Religion \| publisher =Cambridge University Press \| year =2003 \| isbn = 0521774314}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Beit-Hallahmi>{{cite book \| last =Beit-Hallahmi \| first =Benjamin \| title =The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Active New Religions, Sects, and Cults \| publisher =Rosen Publishing Group \| year =1993 \| isbn = 1-56656-130-2}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Bhugra>{{cite book \| last =Bhugra \| first =Dinesh \| title =Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies \| publisher =Routledge \| year =1997 \| isbn =0415165121 }}</cite>		*<cite id=Bhugra>{{cite book \| last =Bhugra \| first =Dinesh \| title =Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies \| publisher =Routledge \| year =1997 \| isbn =0415165121 }}</cite>
	*<cite id=Chryssides2006>{{cite book \| last =Chryssides \| first =George D. \| title =The A to Z of New Religious Movements \| publisher =The Scarecrow Press, Inc. \| year =2006 \| isbn = 0810855887}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Chryssides1999>{{cite book\|title=Exploring New Religions \|last= Chryssides\|first=George D.\|year= 1999\| publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group \|pages=370 \|isbn= 0826459595}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Chryssides2001>{{cite book \| last =Chryssides \| first =George D. \| title =Historical dictionary of new religious movements \| publisher =The Scarecrow Press, Inc. \| year =2001 \| isbn = 0-8108-4095-2}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Enroth>{{cite book \| last =Enroth \| first = Ronald M. \| title =A Guide To New Religious Movements \| publisher =InterVarsity Press \| year =2005 \| isbn =0830823816 }}</cite>
	*<cite id=Gallagher>{{cite book \| last =Gallagher \| first =Eugene V. \| title =Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America \| publisher =Greenwood Press \| year =2006 \| isbn = 0275987132}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Goodrick-Clarke>{{cite book \| last =Goodrick-Clarke \| first =Nicholas \| title =The Occult Roots of Nazism \| publisher =NYU Press \| year =1993 \| isbn = 0814730604}}</cite>		*<cite id=Goodrick-Clarke>{{cite book \| last =Goodrick-Clarke \| first =Nicholas \| title =The Occult Roots of Nazism \| publisher =NYU Press \| year =1993 \| isbn = 0814730604}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Hanegraaff>{{cite book \| last =Hanegraaff \| first = Wouter J. \| title =New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought \| publisher =State University of New York Press \| year =1998 \| isbn = 0791438546}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Krogh>{{cite journal \|last1= Krogh \|first1= Marilyn \|last2= Pillifant \|first2= Brooke Ashley \|year= 2004 \|title= Kemetic Orthodoxy: Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Internet: A Research Note. \|journal= Sociology of Religion \|volume= 65 \|issue= 2 \|pages= 167–175 \|doi= 10.2307/3712405 \|author2= Pillifant}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Lewis2004>{{cite book \| last =Lewis \| first =James R. \| authorlink =James R. Lewis \| title =Controversial New Religions \| publisher =Oxford University Press, USA \| year =2004 \| isbn =978-0195156829 }}</cite>
	*<cite id=Lewis 1998>{{cite book \| last =Lewis \| first =James R. \| title =The Encyclopedia of cults, sects, and new religions \| publisher =Prometheus Books \| year =1998 \| isbn = 1573922226}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Lewis2003>{{cite book \| last =Lewis \| first =James R. \| authorlink =James R. Lewis \| title =The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions \| publisher =Prometheus Books \| date =2003 \| isbn =1573929646 }}</cite>		*<cite id=Lewis2003>{{cite book \| last =Lewis \| first =James R. \| authorlink =James R. Lewis \| title =The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions \| publisher =Prometheus Books \| date =2003 \| isbn =1573929646 }}</cite>
	*<cite id=Lyon>{{cite book \| last =Lyon \| first =David \| title =Jesus in Disneyland: Religion in Postmodern Times \| publisher =Polity \| year =2000 \| isbn = 0745614892}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Martin>{{cite book \| first = Martin \| last = Van Bruinessen \| title = Sufism and the 'Modern' in Islam (Library of Modern Middle East Studies) \| publisher = I. B. Tauris \| year = 2007 \| page = 258 \| isbn = 1850438544 }}</cite>
	*<cite id=Partridge2004>{{cite book \| last =Partridge \| first =Christopher \| authorlink =Christopher Partridge \| title =New Religions: A Guide: New Religious Movements, Sects and Alternative Spiritualities \| publisher =Oxford University Press, USA \| year =2004 \| isbn = 0195220420}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Partridge2003>{{cite book \| last =Partridge \| first =Christopher Hugh \| title =UFO Religions \| publisher =Routledge \| date =2003 \| isbn = 0415263247}}		*<cite id=Partridge2003>{{cite book \| last =Partridge \| first =Christopher Hugh \| title =UFO Religions \| publisher =Routledge \| date =2003 \| isbn = 0415263247}}
	*<cite id=Reece>{{cite book \| last =Reece \| first =Gregory L. \| title =UFO Religion: Inside Flying Saucer Cults and Culture \| publisher =I. B. Tauris \| date =2007 \| isbn = 1845114515}}</cite>		*<cite id=Reece>{{cite book \| last =Reece \| first =Gregory L. \| title =UFO Religion: Inside Flying Saucer Cults and Culture \| publisher =I. B. Tauris \| date =2007 \| isbn = 1845114515}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Reiterman>{{cite book \| last =Reiterman \| first =Tim \| coauthors =John Jacobs \| title =] \| publisher =Dutton \| year =1982 \| isbn = 0-525-24136-1 }}</cite>
	*<cite id=Saliba>{{cite book \| first = John \| last = Saliba \| title = Understanding New Religious Movements \| publisher = AltaMira Press \| year = 2003 \| isbn = 0759103569 }}</cite>
	*<cite id=Tucker>{{cite book
	\| last =Tucker \| first =Ruth A. \| title =Another Gospel: Cults, Alternative Religions, and the New Age Movement \| publisher =Zondervan \| year =2004 \| isbn = 0310259371}}</cite>
	*<cite id=Wilson>{{cite book \| last =Wilson \| first =Bryan \| title =New Religious Movements \| publisher =Routledge \| year =1999 \| isbn =0415200490 }}</cite>
	*<cite id=York>{{cite book \| last =York \| first =Michael \| title =The Emerging Network \| publisher =Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. \| year =1995 \| isbn = 0847680010}}</cite>		*<cite id=York>{{cite book \| last =York \| first =Michael \| title =The Emerging Network \| publisher =Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. \| year =1995 \| isbn = 0847680010}}</cite>
	{{refend}}

	== ~~External~~ ~~links~~ ==		== Further reading ==

	{{sisterlinks\|New religious movement}}
			* Barrett, D. V. ''The New Believers - A survey of sects, cults and alternative religions'' 2001 UK, Cassell & Co. ISBN 0-304-35592-5
	*
	*
	*
	*
	* The on-disk journal of international Religious Studies
	*
	* ] and ] ''The New Religious Movements Homepage @The University of Virginia''		* ] and ] ''The New Religious Movements Homepage @The University of Virginia''
			* Chistopher Partridge, ''New Religions: A Guide'', Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-19-522042-0
	*		*

	{{Religion topics}}

	]		]

Revision as of 15:12, 25 December 2009

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "List of new religious movements" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

This list of new religious movements (NRMs), lists groups that either identify themselves as religious, ethical or spiritual organizations, or are generally seen as such by religious scholars, which are independent of older denominations, churches, or religious bodies. Although there is no one criterion or set of criteria for describing a group as a "new religious movement", use of the term usually requires that the group be both of recent origin and different from existing religions.

Debate surrounds the phrase "of recent origin". Some authors use World War II as the dividing line, whereas others define as "new" everything after the advent of the Bahá'í Faith (mid-19th century) or even everything after Sikhism (17th century).

Influenced by major religions

Sikhism-oriented

Main article: Sikhism

Taoism-oriented

Main article: Taoism

Pagan-oriented

Main articles: Neopaganism and List of Neopagan movements

Also see the section on Neopagan religions (below).

Syncretistic

Main article: Syncretism

Faiths created from blending earlier religions or that consider all or some religions to be essentially the same, often founded by Mahdi/Maitreya/Messiah claimants who profess to fulfill multiple prophecies simultaneously.

Regional

NRMs with ties to local "indigenous" traditions or geographically limited influence.

Africa

NRMs based in Africa or drawing on traditional African religions.

Afro-American

Main article: Afro-American religions

Afro-Caribbean

Central Asia

Burkhanism

Central and South America

China

Falun Gong

India

Meher Baba followers

Indonesia

Japan

Main article: Shinshukyo

Korea

Oceania

Philippines

Taiwan

United States

Vietnam

Neopaganism

Pagan religions in the category of Neopaganism.

Main article: List of Neopagan movements

Esotericism, New Age, Occultism, Spiritism

Main articles: Esotericism, New Age, Occultism, and Spiritism

UFO religions

Main article: UFO religion

Entheogenic

Technology-oriented

Further information: Transhumanism

Ethnic supremacist

Notes

The definitions of "new" vary greatly. Some authors such as Eileen Barker and David V. Barrett, see as new movements those originating or appearing in a new context after World War II, others define as "new" movements originating after the Bahá'í Faith or even everything originating after Sikhism. For this article, the following is used: "The historical bench-mark normally taken to divide new religions from old is the Second World War or shortly after. Thus Peter Clarke identifies his focus as 'those new religions that have emerged in Britain since 1945'. (Clarke, 1987, p 5.) - http://web.uni-marburg.de/religionswissenschaft/journal/diskus/chryssides.html Retrieved 18 September 2008
^ Power Faith and Religion, NPR April 12, 2005 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1895496
Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America, Greenwood Press …, October 2006, p. 86, ISBN 978-0275987138 {{citation}}: |first= missing |last= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
Cook, Ryan J, Research: NRMs & Govt., retrieved 30 April 2006
http://www.uua.org/aboutus/glossaryacronyms/8945_21.shtml
^ Beckford, p. 156.
^ Bhugra, p. 126.
Aldridge, p. 46.
York, p. 293.
A Guide to New Religious Movements, By: Ronald Enroth, Publisher: InterVarsity Press (June 30, 2005), Language: English, ISBN-10: 0830823816, ISBN-13: 978-0830823819
Partridge, pp. 188, 263–265.
Lewis, p. 42.
Reece, pp. 182-186.
Goodrick-Clarke, p. 17.
Atkins, p. 217.

References

Aldridge, Alan E. (2000). Religion in the Contemporary World: A Sociological Introduction. Polity Press. ISBN 0745620833.
Atkins, Stephen E. (2002). Encyclopedia of Modern American Extremists and Extremist Groups. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313315027.
Beckford, James A. (2003). Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521774314.
Bhugra, Dinesh (1997). Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus and Controversies. Routledge. ISBN 0415165121.
Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (1993). The Occult Roots of Nazism. NYU Press. ISBN 0814730604.
Lewis, James R. (2003). The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of UFO Religions. Prometheus Books. ISBN 1573929646.
Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2003). UFO Religions. Routledge. ISBN 0415263247.
Reece, Gregory L. (2007). UFO Religion: Inside Flying Saucer Cults and Culture. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 1845114515.
York, Michael (1995). The Emerging Network. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0847680010.