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| Today, there are numerous debates about returning the ] on former places of residing. It is necessary to note, that from those left 120 villages in 65 lives Georgians, about 50 settlements are thrown and now have already ruined, and only in 5 villages belonged Meskhetian Turks, now live Armenians. | Today, there are numerous debates about returning the ] on former places of residing. It is necessary to note, that from those left 120 villages in 65 lives Georgians, about 50 settlements are thrown and now have already ruined, and only in 5 villages belonged Meskhetian Turks, now live Armenians. | ||
| So, becomes obvious, that the slightest attempt to return ] in edge will provocated a tension situation, first of all for the Georgian population, who occupied former Meskhetian Turkish settlements. The little conflict between the local Georgian population and immigrants can strongly destabilize the all region, and Georgia will loss the territories which has been "won" from Armenians. | |||
| Deportation nearby 100,000 Meskhetian Turks has noticeably changed demographic picture of Samtskhe-Javakheti. According to census of 1979 the population of region had approximately 190,000 person. ] were 124,000 (65.3%), ] 44,000 (23.2%), and others ], ], ], ], etc. | Deportation nearby 100,000 Meskhetian Turks has noticeably changed demographic picture of Samtskhe-Javakheti. According to census of 1979 the population of region had approximately 190,000 person. ] were 124,000 (65.3%), ] 44,000 (23.2%), and others ], ], ], ], etc. | ||
| If we take 1918 - 1979 interval, we shall see, that the Armenian population in Samtskhe-Javakheti has increased only for some thousand person. It proves the fact that it is impossible to trust data of census unequivocally on 100%. However the facts beat in a bell, and to escape from them isn't probably. For last 60 years the Georgian leaders excellent managed not only a policy of not admitting a natural increase of the Armenian population on all territory of the ], but also organize the maximal outflow and assimilation. In particular, number of Armenians in territory of former district Borchalu for last 60 years was decrease almost by half, and in a percentage parity of the general number of the population at least in 4 times. | |||
| ;This table is a comparing table of Armenian population of Samtskhe-Javakheti in 1939, 1989, 2002. | ;This table is a comparing table of Armenian population of Samtskhe-Javakheti in 1939, 1989, 2002. | ||
Revision as of 15:41, 17 April 2010
Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti are ethnic Armenians of Georgian nationality living in the Samtskhe-Javakheti region of the Republic of Georgia, which borders the Republic of Armenia to the south and where ethnic Armenians form the great majority of the population with minority Georgians and populations of Pontic Greeks and others.
Background
Armenians in Samtskhe-Jevakheti believe they are victims of a policy to shift the region’s demographic balance as a number of Georgian families were settled there. Armenians also say they are underrepresented in the government and discriminated against.. In reality however, majority of Armenians appeared in the region in the early 19th century as a result of Russian policy carried out by General Paskevich, of settling Christian's into the region, as the majority population of the region were pro-Turkish Georgian muslims. More Armenians came to region later on as a result of Turkish massacres.
There have been several protests and clashes with police about the treatment of the Armenians of Samtskhe-Jevakheti.
The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan oil pipeline and South Caucasus gas pipeline which passed through the region, has met opposition from local Armenians, as well as the planned Kars-Akhalkalaki-Baku railway as it isolates Armenia.
The local Armenian United Javakhk Democratic Alliance has proposed a local autonomy for Javakheti within Georgia. The organization also proposed to hold a referendum on autonomy or secession of Javakheti in 1998.
Some Armenian political groupings of the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian diaspora, amongst them most notably the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) claim that Javakhk (Armenian name for Samtskhe-Javakheti) should belong to Armenia, United Armenia shall include all territories designated as Armenia by the Treaty of Sèvres as well as the regions of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), Javakhk (Armenian name for Samtskhe-Javakheti), and Nakhchivan.
However, Javakhk (Samtskhe-Javakheti) is not officially claimed by the government of Armenia.
History
Ethnic Armenians are chiefly concentrated in Akhalkalaki and Ninotsminda districts. At the beginning of 1918 in Akhalkalak region had 120,000 population, from which Armenians were 89,000 (74%), Meskhetian Turks were 8,000 (7%), representatives of other nationalities 23,000 (19%) During this period in Ahalkalak district there were 111 villages from which 66 were Armenian, 24 Turkish, 9 Russian, 10 Georgian (including former Armenian villages Vargav and Hzabavra, the population of which had assimilated with Georgians), and one village with the Armenian-Georgian mixed population. Today, native Armenian population of Samtskhe-Javakheti and Tsalka somehow tries to resist against the anti-Armenian policy of Georgian government. In the first years of Soviet system ruling in Georgia, on the territory of today's Samtskhe-Javakheti region lived 200,402 persons. The region had following national structure:
| 1. | Armenians | 109, 748 (54.8%) |
| 2. | Meskhetian Turks (combined with all Muslims) |
57,079 (28.5%) |
| 3. | Georgians | 18,536 (9.2%) |
| 4. | Other nationalities | 15,040 (7.5%) |
Thus, Armenians made overwhelming majority in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Meskhetian Turks were 1/4 of the total population and Georgians - obvious minority. In 1944 by decision of a government of the Soviet Union the Meskhetian Turkish population of Samtskhe-Javakheti (approximately 100,000 person) has been exiled to Central Asia (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan). Their former residences have been populated by Georgians from Imereti. From 120 villages left by Meskhetian Turks 115 were in Adigen, Akhaltskha and Aspindza administrative areas from which 65 have been resettled by the alien Georgian population from Imereti. Other villages became basically thrown. Only 5 villages (Sagamo, Khavet, Erindja, Davnia, Karsep) were in Akhalkalak (4) and Bogdanovka (1) areas which in a consequence have been populated by Armenians. The Georgian local government forbade Armenian population to settle the thrown villages, and has agreed on it only when has seen, that the Georgian newcomers have flatly refused to settle and live there in these severe climatic conditions.
Today, there are numerous debates about returning the Meskhetian Turks on former places of residing. It is necessary to note, that from those left 120 villages in 65 lives Georgians, about 50 settlements are thrown and now have already ruined, and only in 5 villages belonged Meskhetian Turks, now live Armenians.
Deportation nearby 100,000 Meskhetian Turks has noticeably changed demographic picture of Samtskhe-Javakheti. According to census of 1979 the population of region had approximately 190,000 person. Armenians were 124,000 (65.3%), Georgians 44,000 (23.2%), and others Russians, Ukrainians, Greeks, Jews, etc.
- This table is a comparing table of Armenian population of Samtskhe-Javakheti in 1939, 1989, 2002.
| Total, 1939 | Armenians | Armenians, % | Total, 1989 | Armenians | Armenians, % | Total, 2002 | Armenians | Armenians, % | |
| Akhalkalaki | 64,655 | 54,081 | 83.6 | 62,977 | 57,209 | 90.8 | 60,975 | 57,516 | 94.3 |
| Akhaltsikhe | 55,490 | 16,454 | 29.7 | 50,430 | 25,753 | 51 | 46,134 | 16,879 | 36.6 |
| Ninotsminda (Bogdanovka) | 34,575 | 27,376 | 79.2 | 32,064 | 27,090 | 84.5 | 34,305 | 32,857 | 95.8 |
| Adigeni | 41.314 | 0.942 | 2.3 | 19.598 | 1.627 | 8.3 | 20.753 | 0.698 | 3.4 |
| Borjomi | 37.437 | 3.946 | 10.5 | 32.422 | 3.124 | 9.6 | |||
| Tsalka | 40.286 | 11.726 | 29.1 | 44.438 | 12.671 | 28.4 | 20.888 | 11.484 | 55 |
| Aspindza | 32.644 | 1.741 | 5.3 | 11.265 | 2.068 | 18.4 | 13.01 | 2.273 | 17.5 |
| TOTAL | 306.401 | 116.266 | 37.9 | 220.772 | 126.418 | 57.3 | 228.487 | 124.831 | 54.6 |
|---|
See also
References
- Armenian History Now article: Demographic changes of Armenian population of Georgia (Javakhk, the city of Tiflis, Borchalu) and their political consequences (at 1918-since our days)
- Ararat Center: News items about tensions between the Armenian population of Javakhk and the Georgian authorities
- Goals of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation
- Programme of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation
- National Archive of Armenian Republic F200 list 1
- Tigran Sahakian, Political and spiritually-cultural destiny of Gugark-Goderdzakan region of Great Armenia, from the beginning till 1980 years, Yerevan 2004, with-362
- Template:Ru icon V.E. Shambarov, Белогвардейшина", Moscow.: Publishing house "Eksmo-Press", 2002
- Template:Ru icon ETHNO-CAUCASUS, НАСЕЛЕНИЕ КАВКАЗА, РЕСПУБЛИКА ГРУЗИЯ, НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ГРУЗИИ
- Template:Hy icon Սամցխե-Ջավախքի բնակչության թվի և էթնիկական կազմի դինամիկան
- ETHNIC GROUPS BY MAJOR ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL UNITS
- Template:Hy icon Ծալկայի շրջանի բնակչության թվի և էթնիկական կազմի դինամիկան
External links
- Template:Hy icon Template:En icon Template:Fr icon Javakhkh.com portal
- Javakhk.net portal
- Ararat Center's section: Javakhk: News, Facts and Analyses
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