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{{Merge|Indostan|date=June 2010}}
{{otheruses2|Hindustan}} {{Otheruses2|Hindustan}}
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'''Hindustan''' ({{lang-hi|हिन्दुस्तान}}, {{lang-ur|ہندوستان}}, both ''Hindustān'' {{IPA-hns|ɦɪndʊˈstaːn|}}) "] of ]s", is one of the popular names of ]. Though the meaning of Hindustan has evolved over the years, after the ] it primarily refers to the ].<ref></ref> '''Hindustan''' ({{lang-hi|हिन्दुस्तान}}, {{lang-ur|ہندوستان}}, both ''Hindustān'' {{IPA-hns|ɦɪndʊˈstaːn|}}) "Land of River Sindhu (])", is one of the popular names of ]. Though the meaning of Hindustan has evolved over the years, after the ] it primarily refers to the ].<ref></ref>


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
Hindustan is derived from the ] word '']'', which is itself is derived from ], ] for the ]. Sindhu is a river in Sanskrit, in Persian it becomes ].<ref name=Hindu>{{Harvnb|Lipner|1998|pp=7–8}}</ref> This together with a popular suffix '']'' (Sanskrit and Old Persian 'sthāna', meaning ''place'') <ref></ref><ref></ref> gave birth to the word ''Hindustan'', which was rendered as ''Hindusthan''.<ref name=brit/> Literally, the word means ''land of the ]s''. Hindustan is derived from the ] word '']'', which is itself is derived from ], the original ] name of ]. Sindhu is a river in Sanskrit, in Persian it becomes ].<ref name=Hindu>{{Harvnb|Lipner|1998|pp=7–8}}</ref> This together with a popular suffix '']'' (Sanskrit `Sthānam', Old Persian 'sthāna', meaning ''place'') <ref></ref><ref></ref> gave birth to the word ''Hindustan'', which was rendered as ''Hindustan''.<ref name=brit/> In modern Persian, either ''Hind'' or ''Hindustan'' may be used to refer to India.


==Uses of the word "Hindustan"== ==Uses of the word "Hindustan"==
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{{Quotation|Historical term, usually applied to the Ganges Plain of North India, between the Himalayas in the north and the Deccan plateau in the south. Used variably throughout Indian history—generally in contradistinction to the Deccan of peninsular India—it gradually came to mean the whole of N India from the Punjab to Assam. The term Hindustan has also been applied to the whole Indian subcontinent.|], Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press.}} {{Quotation|Historical term, usually applied to the Ganges Plain of North India, between the Himalayas in the north and the Deccan plateau in the south. Used variably throughout Indian history—generally in contradistinction to the Deccan of peninsular India—it gradually came to mean the whole of N India from the Punjab to Assam. The term Hindustan has also been applied to the whole Indian subcontinent.|], Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press.}}


Historically, ''Hindustan'' has often been used to represent the people of north western ] and ], particularly the ] and ].<ref name=brit>{{cite web Historically, it referred to Northern India, in contrast to the ], or Southern India. This area can be defined more particularly as the basin of the five Punjab rivers and the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The name Hindustan is sometimes used to indicate the lands “north of the ]" as well.<ref name=brit>{{cite web
|title = Hindustan |title = Hindustan
|url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9040520/Hindustan |url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9040520/Hindustan
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|date= 2007}}</ref> |date= 2007}}</ref>


The first known use of the term is on an inscription at ]. The inscription, which dates to around 252 CE, was commissioned by the Persian king, ], and mentions Hindustan as one of the areas over which he rules. In this context, Hindustan likely refers to the lower ] region rather than the ].<ref>{{cite book |title= A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization |last= Ray |first= Niharranjan|authorlink= |coauthors= Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal |year= 2000|publisher= Orient Blackswan |location= |isbn= 8125018719 |page= |pages=553–54 |url= }}</ref> The first known use of the term is on an inscription at ]. The inscription, which dates to around 252 CE, was commissioned by the Persian king, ], and mentions Hindustan as one of the areas over which he rules. In this context, Hindustan likely refers to the lower ] region rather than the ].<ref>{{cite book |title= A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization |last= Ray |first= Niharranjan|authorlink= |coauthors= Chattopadhyaya, Brajadulal |date= 2000|publisher= Orient Blackswan |location= |isbn= 8125018719 |page= |pages=553–54 |url= }}</ref>


Further, it may relate to various aspects belonging to three ] areas: the modern ], the ] during medieval times, or a region in ], east and south of the ] river, between the ] mountains and the ] where ]s are spoken. Further, it may relate to various aspects belonging to three ] areas: the modern ], the ] during medieval times, or a region in ], east and south of the ] river, between the ] mountains and the ] where ]s are spoken.


===Ethnicity=== ===Ethnicity===
The term Hindustan retains its importance as it gives culture identity to India and the ] ethos, amidst the varied ]; along with another word that evolved from it - the ], '']'', used to define the people of Hindustan, their language, ], and also their music, ]. The term Hindustan retains its importance as it gives culture identity to India and the ] ethos, amidst the varied ]; along with another word that evolved from it - the ], '']'', used to define the people of Hindustan, their language, ], and also their music, ].


The adjective ''Hindustani'' is a term applied to the syncretic ] culture of South Asia. ''Hindustani'' is sometimes also used as an ] term applied to ]. (''e.g.'', A Surinamese man with roots in South Asia might describe his ethnicity by saying he is ''Hindustani''.) For example, ], a ] word used to describe people of ] origin, in ] and ]. The adjective ''Hindustani'' is a term applied to the syncretic ] culture of South Asia. ''Hindustani'' is sometimes also used as an ] term applied to ]. (''e.g.'', A Surinamese man with roots in South Asia might describe his ethnicity by saying he is ''Hindustani''.) For example, ], a ] word used to describe people of ] origin, in ] and ].
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==Further reading== ==Further reading==
* ''A Sketch of the History of Hindustan from the First Muslim Conquest to the Fall of the Mughol Empire'' by H. G. Keene.<ref> The English Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 5 (Jan., 1887), pp. 180-181.</ref> * ''A Sketch of the History of Hindustan from the First Muslim Conquest to the Fall of the Mughol Empire'' by H. G. Keene.<ref> The English Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 5 (Jan., 1887), pp. 180-181.</ref>
* ''STORY OF INDIA THROUGH THE AGES; An Entertaining History of Hindustan, to the Suppression of the Mutiny'', by Flora Annie Steel, 1909 E.P. Dutton and Co., New York.<ref> Book Review, ], ], ].</ref> * ''STORY OF INDIA THROUGH THE AGES; An Entertaining History of Hindustan, to the Suppression of the Mutiny'', by Flora Annie Steel, 1909 E.P. Dutton and Co., New York.<ref> Book Review, February 20, 1909, ].</ref>
* ''The History of Hindustan: Post Classical and Modern'', Ed. B.S. Danniya and Alexander Dow. 2003, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 8120819934.<ref>History of Hindustan (First published: 1770-1772). Dow had succeeded his father as the private secretary of ] ].</ref> * ''The History of Hindustan: Post Classical and Modern'', Ed. B.S. Danniya and Alexander Dow. 2003, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 8120819934.<ref>History of Hindustan (First published: 1770-1772). Dow had succeeded his father as the private secretary of ] ].</ref>


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


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Revision as of 08:14, 28 September 2010

It has been suggested that this article be merged with Indostan. (Discuss) Proposed since June 2010.

Template:Otheruses2

Hindustan map, 1831.

Hindustan (Template:Lang-hi, Template:Lang-ur, both Hindustān [ɦɪndʊˈstaːn]) "Land of River Sindhu (Indus)", is one of the popular names of South Asia. Though the meaning of Hindustan has evolved over the years, after the partition of India it primarily refers to the Republic of India.

Etymology

Hindustan is derived from the Persian word Hindu, which is itself is derived from Sindhu, the original Sanskrit name of Indus River. Sindhu is a river in Sanskrit, in Persian it becomes Hindu. This together with a popular suffix -stān (Sanskrit `Sthānam', Old Persian 'sthāna', meaning place) gave birth to the word Hindustan, which was rendered as Hindustan. In modern Persian, either Hind or Hindustan may be used to refer to India.

Uses of the word "Hindustan"

Geographical areas

Historical term, usually applied to the Ganges Plain of North India, between the Himalayas in the north and the Deccan plateau in the south. Used variably throughout Indian history—generally in contradistinction to the Deccan of peninsular India—it gradually came to mean the whole of N India from the Punjab to Assam. The term Hindustan has also been applied to the whole Indian subcontinent.

— The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press.

Historically, it referred to Northern India, in contrast to the Deccan, or Southern India. This area can be defined more particularly as the basin of the five Punjab rivers and the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The name Hindustan is sometimes used to indicate the lands “north of the Vindhya Range" as well.

The first known use of the term is on an inscription at Naqsh-e Rustam. The inscription, which dates to around 252 CE, was commissioned by the Persian king, Shapur I, and mentions Hindustan as one of the areas over which he rules. In this context, Hindustan likely refers to the lower Indus Valley region rather than the Indian subcontinent.

Further, it may relate to various aspects belonging to three geographical areas: the modern Republic of India, the Indian subcontinent during medieval times, or a region in northern India, east and south of the Yamuna river, between the Vindhya mountains and the Himalayas where Hindustani languages are spoken.

Ethnicity

The term Hindustan retains its importance as it gives culture identity to India and the Indian Subcontinent ethos, amidst the varied culture of India; along with another word that evolved from it - the adjective, Hindustani, used to define the people of Hindustan, their language, Hindustani language, and also their music, Hindustani classical music.

The adjective Hindustani is a term applied to the syncretic Hindu culture of South Asia. Hindustani is sometimes also used as an ethnic term applied to South Asia. (e.g., A Surinamese man with roots in South Asia might describe his ethnicity by saying he is Hindustani.) For example, Hindoestanen, a Dutch word used to describe people of South Asian origin, in Netherlands and Suriname.

See also

Further reading

  • A Sketch of the History of Hindustan from the First Muslim Conquest to the Fall of the Mughol Empire by H. G. Keene.
  • STORY OF INDIA THROUGH THE AGES; An Entertaining History of Hindustan, to the Suppression of the Mutiny, by Flora Annie Steel, 1909 E.P. Dutton and Co., New York.
  • The History of Hindustan: Post Classical and Modern, Ed. B.S. Danniya and Alexander Dow. 2003, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 8120819934.

References

  1. Sindh: An Introduction
  2. Lipner 1998, pp. 7–8 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLipner1998 (help)
  3. Guardian Unlimited: What does -istan" mean as in Pakistan, Uzbekistan or Afghanistan?
  4. Sri Lanka: Sanskritic loans in modern Sinhala
  5. ^ "Hindustan". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
  6. Ray, Niharranjan (2000). A Sourcebook of Indian Civilization. Orient Blackswan. pp. 553–54. ISBN 8125018719. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. Hindustan The English Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 5 (Jan., 1887), pp. 180-181.
  8. Flora Annie Steel Book Review, February 20, 1909, New York Times.
  9. History of Hindustan (First published: 1770-1772). Dow had succeeded his father as the private secretary of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
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