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Alex Konanykhin
Born	Алексадр Павлович Конаныхин (Alexandre Pavlovich Konanykhine) Ostashkov, Russia
Alma mater	Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Edinburgh Business School
Occupation(s)	Entrepreneur, former banker, former Russian oligarch
Organization(s)	KMGi, Publicity Guaranteed
Opponent	KGB
Criminal charge	Multiple
Criminal status	Political asylum, USA
Awards	2004 New York Businessman of the Year, Republican National Committee
Website	www.konanykhin.com

Alex Konanykhin (b. Alexandre Pavlovich Konanykhine, Ostashkov, Russia, September 25, 1966) is a Russian entrepreneur, former banker, former oligarch and past member of Russian President Boris Yeltsin’s inner circle. By the early 1990’s in Russia, he amassed a $300 million banking and real estate empire, including the Russian Real Estate Exchange, the first of its kind in Russia, and the Russian Exchange Bank. After being in conflict with REB shareholders, he was removed from his post as president of the council. He fled Russia and settled in the United States. He and his second wife, Elena Gratcheva, established the Internet firms, KMGi, an advertising agency, Publicity Guaranteed, a public relations firm, and The Syndicated News, an online marketplace. In 2004, Konanykhin was named “New York Businessman of the Year” by the Republican National Committee.

In 1999, Konanykhin and Gratcheva were granted political asylum in the United States, the first citizens of post-Soviet Russia to be given this status. His asylum was later reversed in 2004, but reinstated in 2007.

Russian years

Konanykhin studied at the Department of Space at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology to pursue a career in rocket science. In 1986, he was expelled from MIPT for running a small business during his summer vacation. After his expulsion, he took advantage of the loosening business climate during Mikhail Gorbachev’s economic reforms (perestroika). Within a few years, he became the head of a $30 Million construction enterprise.

In 1989, he financed anti-Communist reformer Boris Yeltsin’s bid for a position on the Russian Supreme Soviet. Konanykhin was later rewarded by Yeltsin for his support with the former state residence of Mikhail Gorbachev and a private security detail.

In 1991, Konanykhin founded the Russian Exchange Bank, which became the first institution to receive a currency-trading license from Yeltsin’s government. In 1992, he was one of the delegates to accompany Yeltsin to Washington, D.C., where they met with President George H. W. Bush, and afterwards, in Canada with Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.

In September 1992, after conflict with shareholders, he was removed from his post as president of REB, under allegations of stealing REB money. Konanykhin and his second wife fled to Budapest.In Budapest, they were confronted by the REB security service. Konanykhin claimed that the REB security tried to kidnap him.

American years

After his encounter with REB security in Hungary, Konanykhin escaped to New York where he delivered protest letters to senior Moscow officials and members of the press warning of the looming “mafiocracy.” "I am addressing this letter,” he wrote on September 6, 1992, “to warn you of a serious political danger -- the seizure of large commercial organizations by mafia-opposition circles that will stop at nothing to achieve their ends." When there were no responses to his letters, he contacted President Yeltsin directly. This prompted an investigation by the Moscow-based military prosecutor’s office, and Konanykhin soon also found himself under investigation. The prosecutor, Alexandre Volvodez, now charged that Konanykhin had illegally wired $8.1 million from his Russian Exchange Bank to overseas accounts, and demanded his extradition to Russia.

As hearings in American federal court would later show, during this time the FBI had opened a division in Moscow; because American prosecutors and FBI officials were anxious to develop a relationship with Russian law enforcement officials, they had agreed to assist Volvodez in his request for Konanykhin’s deportation. But because Russia and the United States do not have an extradition treaty, Justice Department officials agreed to try to deport him for allegedly violating immigration laws under a minor visa violation. The allegation was later proven false and dismissed during Konanykhin’s first granting of asylum in 1999.

On June 27, 1996 INS agents along with Russian federal prosecutors arrested Konanykhin and Gratcheva at their Watergate apartment in Washington, D.C. The couple were taken to Arlington, Virginia and charged in federal immigration court with violating the conditions of their temporary U.S. visas. Between July 19 and August 2 of 1996 hearings were held in the courtroom of Judge John M. Bryant to determine if, as Konanykhin claimed, his deportation was being masterminded by Russian army prosecutor Volvodez for political reasons, and that Konanykhin’s life was consequently in danger. The trial touched upon issues as to whether the secret police had taken over the Russian banking industry, and also if the United States government had been fooled into going after Konanykhin.

In court Konanykhin testified he was being targeted by Volvodez and the Russians because of his anti-corruption campaign, and his lawyers argued that he had transferred money to private accounts only to prevent it from being stolen. Appearing as witnesses at the trial were FBI agents who testified that the Russian mafia had previously taken out a contract on Konanykhin’s life. Also appearing were former INS prosecutor, Antoinette Rizzi, who had previously been in charge of the government’s case against Konanykhin, and former KGB agent Yuri Shvets. Both Rizzi and Shvets testified that they had serious doubts about the charges filed against Konanykhin by Volvodez and the American government.

On August 26, 1996 in Federal Court in Arlington, Virginia, a settlement agreement between Konanykhin and the district director of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, which was endorsed by U.S. District Judge T.S. Ellis III, was reached. Judge Ellis, who had stated he found the testimonies of Yuri Shvets and Antoinette Rizzi in Konanykhin’s immigration case “credible and somewhat disturbing,” ordered the INS to pay $100,000 of Konanykhin’s legal fees to pro bono counsel at Arent Fox Kintner Plotkin & Kahn. The settlement also ordered Assistant U.S. Attorney Robert Spencer to confirm within 30 days that there would be an internal probe by the Department of Justice into the conduct of INS lawyers at the hearing.

In a lawsuit filed in February, 1997 with the Arlington County Circuit Court, Konanykhin alleged defamation against the daily Russian newspaper Izvestia which had reported him involved in various criminal acts. The suit claimed that the information was erroneous and published with "reckless disregard for its truth or actual malice.” An Arlington County Circuit Court jury recommended Konanykhin should be awarded $33.5 million. Soon thereafter the same court awarded Konanykhin an additional $3 million in a libel case against the Russian financial journal Kommersant.

On February 23, 1999 in Federal Immigration court Judge Bryant granted political asylum to Konanykhin and Gratcheva, saying the former banker faced persecution and possible death if returned to Russia to face embezzlement charges. In his decision Judge Bryant wrote that testimony from several experts had convinced him that Konanykhin was being targeted for prosecution for political reasons.

Temporarily freed from his trials with the Russian and American governments, Konanykhin and Gratcheva went on to develop a $100 million Internet startup in New York called KMGI, among other businesses. But then on November 20, 2003 the Board of Immigration Appeals revoked Konanykhin’s political asylum and ordered him returned to Russia. The ruling came less than a month (October 25, 2003) after the arrest of Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Konanykhin’s former banking rival in Russia and business partner during his exile. Konanykhin had served as vice president for the international development of Khodorkovsky's bank, Menatep.

Threatened with imminent deportation, he and Gratcheva fled to the Canadian border. There, on December 18, 2003, they were ambushed by a dozen Department of Homeland Security agents at the Peace Bridge. Konanykhin and Gratcheva were saved from deportation at the last minute by a series of dramatic emergency hearings in Federal Court. On January 26, 2004 Judge T. S. Ellis III delivered his ruling, which found the arrest unlawful, and allowed the couple to stay in the United States temporarily, until appeals in their immigration case were exhausted. For the second time the Department of Justice was ordered to pay compensation to Konanykhin for unlawful arrest. Then on September 18, 2007 in a federal courtroom in Alexandria, Virginia, Konanykhin was granted asylum for the second time.

Published works

• Defiance: How to Succeed in Business Despite Being Hounded by the FBI, the KGB, the INS, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, Interpol, and Mafia Hitmen Renaissance Publishing, 2006. ISBN 978-0972737708

In popular culture

• Brian Haig's book, The Hunted (ISBN 0-446-19559-6), is a novel based on the life of Konanykhin and his wife. The book is dedicated to Konanykhin's wife Elena.

References

Notes

1. Constable, Pamela, “Russian Pair in Custody, Accused of Embezzlement,” The Washington Post, June 29, 1996.
2. Farah, Douglas, “Couple Tied to Putin Foes, Fights Deportation,” Washington Post, January 9, 2004.
3. Alexander, Karen, “Did KGB Dupe INS?” Legal Times, July 28, 1997.
4. http://www.sramanamitra.com/2009/07/08/publicityguaranteed/
5. http://www.intuic.com/about%20us
6. Kamen, Al, “In the Loop,” The Washington Post, February 13, 2004, page A25.
7. ^ Shane, Scott, “Federal Judge Grants Russian Banker Political Asylum.
8. “Konanykhin Granted Political Refugee Status,” Kommersant, October 27, 2007.
9. ^ Constable, “Russian Pair in Custody, Accused of Embezzlement.”
10. Grigg, William Norman, “Cozy with the KGB,” The New American, Volume 13, Number 20, September 29, 1997.
11. Constable, Pamela, “From Russia with Chutzpah,” The Washington Post, August 18, 1996.
12. Shane, Scott, “Russia Goes on Trial in Immigration Case,” The Baltimore Sun, December 24, 1998.
13. Constable, Pamela, “From Russia with Chutzpah.”
14. ^ Constable, “From Russia with Chutzpah.”
15. “Federal Judge Orders an Internal Justice Department Probe,” Baltimore Sun, February 23, 1999.
16. Compston, Emily, “My Fear of the Mobski,” The London Express (daily), December 10, 1996.
17. Alexander, Karen, “Russian Freed, INS Faces Ethics Probe,” Legal Times, September 1, 1997.
18. Grigg.
19. ^ Alexander, “Russian Freed, INS Faces Ethics Probe.”
20. Buel, Jessica S., “Jury Awards Russian $33 M Damage Ruling,” The Arlington Journal, December 15, 1999.
21. “U.S. Court Finds Kommersant Guilty of Libel,” The Moscow Times, January 25, 2000.
22. Baroney, Michael, “Russian Rebel,” Profit Magazine, September, 1999.
23. ^ Shane, Scott, “Ex-Banker Ordered to Return to Russia,” Baltimore Sun, November 25, 2003.
24. Farah, “Couple Tied to Putin Foes, Fights Deportation.”
25. Marken, Jerry, “Deportation Threat Lifted, Decisions Allow Russian to Stay in U.S. Indefinitely,” Washington Post, January 30, 2004.
26. “Konanykhin Granted Political Refugee Status.”
27. http://books.google.com/books?id=14GlshWDnUkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
28. http://www.defiancethebook.com/
29. http://books.google.com/books?id=HIvEQAAACAAJ&source=gbs_similarbooks

External links

• Official website
• Template:Ru icon Newspaper articles about Alex Konanykhin

Template:Persondata

• Living people
• Russian bankers
• American computer businesspeople
• Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology alumni
• 1966 births