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{{Infobox military person {{Infobox military person
|name = Stojan Mitrović Janković |name=Stojan Mitrović Janković<br><small>Стојан Митровић Јанковић</small>
|image = |image=
|caption = |caption=
|nickname = |nickname=
⚫ |birth_date=1636
⚫ |battles = <nowiki></nowiki>
⚫ |death_date=1687
⚫ *]
⚫ |birth_place=Budin, ], Republic of Venice
⚫ *]
⚫ |death_place=], ], Ottoman Empire
⚫ |birth_date = 1636
⚫ |allegiance={{flag|Republic of Venice}}
⚫ |death_date = 1687
⚫ |serviceyears=1669 - 1687
⚫ |birth_place = Budim, ]
|rank=''capo principale'' (Venetian)<br>''harambaša / serdar'' (Serbian)<br>] (English translation)
⚫ |death_place = ], ], ]
|unit="''Morlach army''"<br> (Dalmatian Serb '']s'')
⚫ |allegiance = {{flag|Republic of Venice}}
⚫ |battles=<nowiki></nowiki>
⚫ |serviceyears = 1669-1687
⚫ *]
|rank = ''Capo principale'' (Venetian)
*] (part of ])
|unit = ''Morlach army''
}} }}


'''Stojan Mitrović Janković''', also known as '''Knight Janko'''{{Cref2|a}} ({{lang-sr|Стојан Митровић Јанковић}}; 1636–1687) was the commander of the ]{{cn|date=December 2011}} army, in the service of the ], from 1669 until his death in 1687. He participated in the ] and ], as the supreme commander of the Venetian Serb troops{{cn|date=December 2011}}, of which he is enumerated in ]. He was one of the three best-known '']'' leaders of ]. '''Stojan Mitrović Janković''' ({{lang-sr|Стојан Митровић Јанковић}}{{Cref2|a}}; 1636–1687) was the commander of the ] army (''Morlach army''), in the service of the ], from 1669 until his death in 1687. He participated in the ] and ], as the supreme commander of the Venetian Serb troops, of which he is enumerated in ].<ref name=LING/> He was one of the three best-known '']/hajduk'' leaders of ].


==Life== ==Life==
===Origin===
He was the son of '']'' ] (1613-1659), another renowned anti-Ottoman rebel in Venetian service, noted commander of the ''Morlach army'' in the ]. Mitar, Janko's grandfather and eponymous founder of the noble family, hailed from Žegar. Stojan had two brothers (] and ]) and a sister. The '']'' resettled, together with others from Žegar, in Budim near ], then under Venetian control.
Stojan was born in ca. 1636, in the village of ], in the mountainous ], above the ] river, not far from the ].<ref name=Berber2/> The village itself lied above the ], from where Serbs had long "jumped into" (i.e. ]) the ], the Venetian-Ottoman border for centuries; it is thought that Mitar (or Dmitar<ref name=Berber3/>), Stojan's paternal grandfather and eponymous founder of the family, had come from the Dinara.<ref name=Berber2/> His father was '']'' ] (1613-1659), another renowned anti-Ottoman rebel in Venetian service, noted commander of the ''Morlach army'' in the ].<ref name=Berber3/> His uncle ] (Janko's older brother) was also a ''harambaša'' in Venetian service.<ref name=Berber3/> Stojan had two brothers (] and ]) and a sister.<ref name=Berber2/> In 1648, when the Ottoman army took their village, the '']'' and 70 other Žegar families settled in the small village of ] near ], under Venetian control.<ref name=Berber2/>


===Cretan War and peacetime===
⚫ Stojan began fighting alongside his father and ] early on, in the Cretan War. Ilija, as the more experienced, was named ''serdar'' in 1648 after his father, ] had died.<ref name=Berber3>Berber, p. 3</ref> In 1650, Stojan begins to receive a pay of 4 ducats, in 1653 the pay is raised to 6. In February 1659, at the ] river, both leaders Janko and Ilija Smiljanić succumb to wounds after battling the Turks. The same year, the well experienced 23-year-old Stojan is chosen as leader by the band. As leader, he constantly takes part in battles in the ]. He was known to have defeated several Turkish contingents, and even himself slew the commanders, among which are notable: Ali-beg Durakbegović, Redžep-aga Filipović, aga Velagić, aga Pajalitović and Ibrahim-aga Kovačević.<ref>''Baština dvora Jankovića''p. 92</ref>
{{see|Cretan War}}
⚫ Stojan began fighting alongside his father and ] early on, in the Cretan War. Ilija, as the most experienced, was named ''serdar'' in 1648 after his own father, ] had died.<ref name=Berber3>Berber, p. 3</ref> In 1650, Stojan begins to receive a pay of 4 ducats, in 1653 the pay is raised to 6. In February 1659, at the ] river, both leaders Janko and Ilija Smiljanić succumb to wounds after battling the Turks. The same year, the well experienced 23-year-old Stojan is chosen as leader by the band. As leader, he constantly takes part in battles in the ]. He was known to have defeated several Turkish contingents, and even himself slew the commanders, among which are notable: Ali-beg Durakbegović, Redžep-aga Filipović, aga Velagić, aga Pajalitović and Ibrahim-aga Kovačević.<ref>''Baština dvora Jankovića'', p. 92</ref> In 1666, during fighting in ], where ''agas'' Atlagić, Čengić and Baraković fell, he was captured by the Ottomans and spent 14 months in Constantinople as as a slave, before escaping and returning home.<ref name=Berber2/> For his deeds, he was awarded a title and an estate in Ravni Kotari.<ref name=Berber2/>


In the peacetime between the Cretan and Great Turkish War, he was ordered to supress anti-Ottoman operations in Venetian territory, while in the meantime his brother Ilija left Venetian service and began fighting the Ottomans - this resulted in the brief interrogation of Stojan at Venice.<ref name=Berber2/>
⚫ In 1669-1670, Venice awards him 29 ducats monthly, and among other gifts he received a golden ring ''of St. Mark'', and his two sons became captains.<ref name=Berber2>Berber, p. 2</ref> He was also given ], but lost it in 1671 with new border negotiations of Mahmud Pasha and Giann Battista. A truce ensured 1670-1684. In 1672, he is mentioned in Orthodox church books in Zadar. In 1681, he is mentioned as ''capo principale di Morlacchi'', or ''Head Boss of the Serbs''<ref name=LING/>'', with a monthly pay of 25 ducats.<ref>Berber, p. 6</ref>


⚫ In 1669-1670, Venice awards him 29 ducats monthly, and among other gifts he received a golden ring ''of St. Mark'', and his two sons became captains.<ref name=Berber2>Berber (2004), p. 2</ref> He was also given ], but lost it in 1671 with new border negotiations of Mahmud Pasha and Giann Battista. A truce ensured 1670-1684. In 1672, he is mentioned in Orthodox church books in Zadar. In 1681, he is mentioned as ''capo principale di Morlacchi'', <small>transl.</small> "''] of the Serbs''", with a monthly pay of 25 ducats.<ref>Berber, p. 6</ref> In 1683, his brother Ilija, whom the Venetians failed to implement into their military, instigated a revolt in Dalmatia against the Ottomans, and led the ''hajduks'' in ] and ]. Ilija was poisoned by the Venetians in 1693.
⚫ In 1684 he returned from a 14-month stay in Constantinople, and joined the war against the Ottomans; liberating ], ] and ] in 1686.<ref name=Berber2/>In the summer of 1685, Cosmi, the Archbishop of Split, wrote that Stojan had brought 300 families with him to Dalmatia, and also that around Trogir and Split there were 5000 refugees from Turkish lands, without food - seen as a serious threat to the defense of Dalmatia.<ref name=Ninic80>Ivan Ninić, ''Migrations in Balkan history'', p. 80</ref> ] sent by the ] prooved insufficient, and the Serbs were forced to launch expeditions into Turkish territory.<ref name=Ninic80/> During the fights in ], he went with one part of the troops and pillaged the outskirt of Ottoman ] (present-day ]), where he was killed (1687).<ref>Tea Mayhew, ''Dalmatia between Ottoman and Venetian rule: Contado di Zara, 1645-1718'', p. 72</ref>

⚫ ===Morean War (Great Turkish War)===
{{see|Morean War}}
⚫ In 1684 he returned to the battlefield, liberating ], ] and ] by 1686.<ref name=Berber2/>In the summer of 1685, Cosmi, the Archbishop of Split, wrote that Stojan had brought 300 families with him to Dalmatia, and also that around Trogir and Split there were 5000 refugees from Turkish lands, without food - seen as a serious threat to the defense of Dalmatia.<ref name=Ninic80>Ninić, p. 80</ref> ] sent by the ] prooved insufficient, and the Serbs were forced to launch expeditions into Turkish territory.<ref name=Ninic80/> During the siege of Hercegnovi, he went with one part of the troops and pillaged the outskirt of Ottoman ], where he was killed (1687).<ref>Mayhew, p. 72</ref>


==Family== ==Family==
With his wife Vinka (or Vuka) he had sons Nikola and Djuradj, and a daughter Anastasija.<ref>Berber, p. 6</ref> With his wife Vinka (or Vuka) he had sons Nikola and Djuradj, and a daughter Anastasija.<ref>Berber (2004), p. 6</ref>


Yugoslav writers ] and ] are descendants of Stojan's youngest brother Zaviša.<ref>Mayhew, p. 18</ref> Yugoslav writers ] and ] are descendants of Stojan's youngest brother Zaviša.<ref>Mayhew, p. 18</ref>
Line 35: Line 42:
==In folk tradition== ==In folk tradition==
*In the ] "The Wedding of Janković Stojan", he is offered, by a girl called Hajkuna, to become Muslim and share his wealth with her. He responds: "''Don't be foolish, Hajkuna! My God is my witness that I would not become a Turk, even if I was given ] and ]''". The poem ends by Hajkuna being christianized.<ref name=LING> 724</ref> *In the ] "The Wedding of Janković Stojan", he is offered, by a girl called Hajkuna, to become Muslim and share his wealth with her. He responds: "''Don't be foolish, Hajkuna! My God is my witness that I would not become a Turk, even if I was given ] and ]''". The poem ends by Hajkuna being christianized.<ref name=LING> 724</ref>
*He is also enumerated in ''Muslim'' (Bosniak) folk poems. *He is also enumerated in ''Muslim'' (Bosniak) folk poems.<ref name=LING/>


==See also== ==See also==
*], family estate, fortification in Ravni Kotar
*] (fl. 1648), Serbian military commander in Austrian service *] (fl. 1648), Serbian military commander in Austrian service
*] (fl. 1689-1706), Serbian military commander in Austrian service *] (fl. 1689-1706), Serbian military commander in Austrian service
Line 54: Line 62:
==Notes== ==Notes==
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=upper-alpha}} {{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=upper-alpha}}
{{Cnote2|a|'''Name''': His given name was ''Stojan'', his father was ], hence '''Stojan Janković'''. His grandfather was Mitar, hence '''Stojan Mitrović'''. According to the contemporary naming culture, his name was '''Stojan Mitrović Janković'''. In ], his name is written as '''Janković Stojan'''. He is also mentioned in contemporary Venetian sources as '''''Knight Janko''''' (chevalier).}} {{Cnote2|a|'''Name''': His given name was ''Stojan'', his father was ], hence '''Stojan Janković'''. His grandfather was Mitar, hence '''Stojan Mitrović'''. According to the contemporary naming culture, his name was '''Stojan Mitrović Janković'''. In ], his name is written as '''Janković Stojan'''. He is also mentioned in contemporary Venetian sources as '''''Knight Janko''''' (chevalier, sr. kavalir Janko).}}
{{Cnote2 End}} {{Cnote2 End}}


Line 61: Line 69:
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist|2}}
===Sources=== ===Sources===
*Berber, S. 2004, "", Norma, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp. 151-161. (Serbian) *Berber, S. 2004, "", Norma, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp. 151-161. {{sr icon}}
*Baština dvora Jankovića, Istorijski muzej Srbije, Beograd 2006 (Serbian) *Baština dvora Jankovića, Istorijski muzej Srbije, Beograd 2006 {{sr icon}}
*Epske narodne pesme, Uskoci, str. 17-43, Beograd, 1965 (Serbian) *Epske narodne pesme, Uskoci, str. 17-43, Beograd, 1965 {{sh icon}}
*Rodoslov Jankovića i Desnica vid. Baština dvora Jankovića, Istorijski muzej Srbije, Beograd 2006, str. 92 (Serbian) *Rodoslov Jankovića i Desnica vid. Baština dvora Jankovića, Istorijski muzej Srbije, Beograd 2006, str. 92 {{sr icon}}
*Tea Mayhew, ''Dalmatia between Ottoman and Venetian rule: Contado di Zara, 1645-1718'', p. 72 {{en icon}}
⚫ *http://www.kulajankovica.hr/?do=jandes
*Ivan Ninić, ''Migrations in Balkan history'', p. 80 {{en icon}}
⚫ *http://www.kulajankovica.hr/?do=jandes {{hr icon}}
{{refend}} {{refend}}


Revision as of 18:10, 9 December 2011

Stojan Mitrović Janković
Стојан Митровић Јанковић
Born1636
Budin, Bukovica, Republic of Venice
Died1687
Sedidžedid, Bosnia Eyalet, Ottoman Empire
Allegiance Republic of Venice
Years of service1669 - 1687
Rankcapo principale (Venetian)
harambaša / serdar (Serbian)
Commander-in-chief (English translation)
Unit"Morlach army"
(Dalmatian Serb hajduks)
Battles / wars

Stojan Mitrović Janković (Template:Lang-sr; 1636–1687) was the commander of the Dalmatian Serb army (Morlach army), in the service of the Republic of Venice, from 1669 until his death in 1687. He participated in the Cretan and Great Turkish War, as the supreme commander of the Venetian Serb troops, of which he is enumerated in Serb epic poetry. He was one of the three best-known uskok/hajduk leaders of Kotar.

Life

Origin

Stojan was born in ca. 1636, in the village of Žegar, in the mountainous Bukovica, above the Zrmanje river, not far from the Krupa monastery. The village itself lied above the Žegar field, from where Serbs had long "jumped into" (i.e. guerilla warfare) the Dinara, the Venetian-Ottoman border for centuries; it is thought that Mitar (or Dmitar), Stojan's paternal grandfather and eponymous founder of the family, had come from the Dinara. His father was harambaša Janko Mitrović (1613-1659), another renowned anti-Ottoman rebel in Venetian service, noted commander of the Morlach army in the Cretan War (1645–1669). His uncle Vukadin Mitrović (Janko's older brother) was also a harambaša in Venetian service. Stojan had two brothers (Ilija and Zaviša) and a sister. In 1648, when the Ottoman army took their village, the Mitrovići and 70 other Žegar families settled in the small village of Budin near Posedarje, under Venetian control.

Cretan War and peacetime

Further information: Cretan War

Stojan began fighting alongside his father and Ilija Smiljanić early on, in the Cretan War. Ilija, as the most experienced, was named serdar in 1648 after his own father, Serdar Petar had died. In 1650, Stojan begins to receive a pay of 4 ducats, in 1653 the pay is raised to 6. In February 1659, at the Cetina river, both leaders Janko and Ilija Smiljanić succumb to wounds after battling the Turks. The same year, the well experienced 23-year-old Stojan is chosen as leader by the band. As leader, he constantly takes part in battles in the Frontier. He was known to have defeated several Turkish contingents, and even himself slew the commanders, among which are notable: Ali-beg Durakbegović, Redžep-aga Filipović, aga Velagić, aga Pajalitović and Ibrahim-aga Kovačević. In 1666, during fighting in Obrovac, where agas Atlagić, Čengić and Baraković fell, he was captured by the Ottomans and spent 14 months in Constantinople as as a slave, before escaping and returning home. For his deeds, he was awarded a title and an estate in Ravni Kotari.

In the peacetime between the Cretan and Great Turkish War, he was ordered to supress anti-Ottoman operations in Venetian territory, while in the meantime his brother Ilija left Venetian service and began fighting the Ottomans - this resulted in the brief interrogation of Stojan at Venice.

In 1669-1670, Venice awards him 29 ducats monthly, and among other gifts he received a golden ring of St. Mark, and his two sons became captains. He was also given Islam Grčki, but lost it in 1671 with new border negotiations of Mahmud Pasha and Giann Battista. A truce ensured 1670-1684. In 1672, he is mentioned in Orthodox church books in Zadar. In 1681, he is mentioned as capo principale di Morlacchi, transl. "Commander-in-chief of the Serbs", with a monthly pay of 25 ducats. In 1683, his brother Ilija, whom the Venetians failed to implement into their military, instigated a revolt in Dalmatia against the Ottomans, and led the hajduks in Lika and Bosnia. Ilija was poisoned by the Venetians in 1693.

Morean War (Great Turkish War)

Further information: Morean War

In 1684 he returned to the battlefield, liberating Sinj, Lika and Krbava by 1686.In the summer of 1685, Cosmi, the Archbishop of Split, wrote that Stojan had brought 300 families with him to Dalmatia, and also that around Trogir and Split there were 5000 refugees from Turkish lands, without food - seen as a serious threat to the defense of Dalmatia. Grain sent by the Pope prooved insufficient, and the Serbs were forced to launch expeditions into Turkish territory. During the siege of Hercegnovi, he went with one part of the troops and pillaged the outskirt of Ottoman Tomislavgrad, where he was killed (1687).

Family

With his wife Vinka (or Vuka) he had sons Nikola and Djuradj, and a daughter Anastasija.

Yugoslav writers Boško and Vladan Desnica are descendants of Stojan's youngest brother Zaviša.

In folk tradition

  • In the Serb epic poem "The Wedding of Janković Stojan", he is offered, by a girl called Hajkuna, to become Muslim and share his wealth with her. He responds: "Don't be foolish, Hajkuna! My God is my witness that I would not become a Turk, even if I was given Lika and Udbinja". The poem ends by Hajkuna being christianized.
  • He is also enumerated in Muslim (Bosniak) folk poems.

See also

Military offices
Preceded byJanko Mitrović Commander of the Morlachs
(Dalmatian Serbs)
under Republic of Venice
1669-1687 		Succeeded by

Notes

  1. Name: His given name was Stojan, his father was Janko Mitrović, hence Stojan Janković. His grandfather was Mitar, hence Stojan Mitrović. According to the contemporary naming culture, his name was Stojan Mitrović Janković. In Serb epic poetry, his name is written as Janković Stojan. He is also mentioned in contemporary Venetian sources as Knight Janko (chevalier, sr. kavalir Janko).

References

  1. ^ 724
  2. ^ Berber (2004), p. 2
  3. ^ Berber, p. 3
  4. Baština dvora Jankovića, p. 92
  5. Berber, p. 6
  6. ^ Ninić, p. 80
  7. Mayhew, p. 72
  8. Berber (2004), p. 6
  9. Mayhew, p. 18

Sources

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