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==Background== ==Background==
Balochistan consists of four ], ], ] and ] willingly joined with Pakistan in 1947 during the ].<ref name=Hasnat>{{cite book|last=Hasnat|first=Syed F.|title=Global Security Watch—Pakistan|year=2011|publisher=Praeger|isbn=978-0313346972|edition=1st|page=78}}</ref> The ], Ahmed Yaar Khan choose independence as this was one of the options given to the princely states' in april 1948 however Pakistan mobilized it's armed forces and deployed them in Kalat, and the Khan was forced to accede to Pakistan.<ref name=Malone>{{cite book|last=Malone|first=David|title=South Asia's Weak States: Understanding the Regional Insecurity Predicament|year=2010|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0804762212|coauthors=Rohan Mukherjee|editor=T. V. Paul|page=175}}</ref> The Khans brother ] declared independence and fled to Afghanistan to seek aid and began an armed struggle which failed as by June 1948 Balochistan was subsumed as a region of Pakistan.<ref name=Singh>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=RSN|title=The Military Factor In Pakistan|year=2009|publisher=Lancer|isbn=978-0981537894|page=191}}</ref> There were a further three insurgencies in the region after 1948, 1958-1959, 1962-1963 and 1973-1977 with the fifth nationalist insurgency having begun in 2002.<ref name=Rashid>{{cite book|last=Rashid|first=Ahmed|title=Descent into Chaos: How the War Against Islamic Extremism is Being Lost in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia|year=2008|publisher=Allen Lane|isbn=978-0713998436|page=36}}</ref> In 1957 the Khan announced his intention so secede and Pakistan declared martial law one day later. And according to Dan Slater that pro independence feelings in ] and Balochistan increased in parity with continuing military intervention in the political arena.<ref name=Slater>{{cite book|last=Slater|first=Dan|title=Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521165457|edition=1st|page=283}}</ref> Balochistan consisted of four ]s: ], ] and ]; these states willingly joined with Pakistan in 1947 during the ].<ref name=Hasnat>{{cite book|last=Hasnat|first=Syed F.|title=Global Security Watch—Pakistan|year=2011|publisher=Praeger|isbn=978-0313346972|edition=1st|page=78}}</ref> The ], Ahmed Yaar Khan choose independence as this was one of the options given to the princely states' in april 1948 however Pakistan mobilized it's armed forces and deployed them in Kalat, and the Khan was forced to accede to Pakistan.<ref name=Malone>{{cite book|last=Malone|first=David|title=South Asia's Weak States: Understanding the Regional Insecurity Predicament|year=2010|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0804762212|coauthors=Rohan Mukherjee|editor=T. V. Paul|page=175}}</ref> The Khans brother ] declared independence and fled to Afghanistan to seek aid and began an armed struggle which failed as by June 1948 Balochistan was subsumed as a region of Pakistan.<ref name=Singh>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=RSN|title=The Military Factor In Pakistan|year=2009|publisher=Lancer|isbn=978-0981537894|page=191}}</ref> There were a further three insurgencies in the region after 1948, 1958-1959, 1962-1963 and 1973-1977 with the fifth nationalist insurgency having begun in 2002.<ref name=Rashid>{{cite book|last=Rashid|first=Ahmed|title=Descent into Chaos: How the War Against Islamic Extremism is Being Lost in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia|year=2008|publisher=Allen Lane|isbn=978-0713998436|page=36}}</ref> In 1957 the Khan announced his intention so secede and Pakistan declared martial law one day later. And according to Dan Slater that pro independence feelings in ] and Balochistan increased in parity with continuing military intervention in the political arena.<ref name=Slater>{{cite book|last=Slater|first=Dan|title=Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0521165457|edition=1st|page=283}}</ref>


== Disappeared == == Disappeared ==

Revision as of 15:30, 27 March 2012

Human rights violations in Balochistan
LocationBalochistan
DateOngoing
TargetCivilians Pro Independence groups
DeathsThousands
PerpetratorsPakistan
MotiveMilitary clampdown

Human rights violations in Balochistan are a major cause of concern to the international community and have been described by Human Rights Watch(HRW) as having reached epidemic proportions. Brad Adams the director of the Asia branch of HRW has said that the Pakistani government has not done enough to stop the violence. Violations include torture, enforced disappearances of those suspected of either terrorism or opposing the military, ill treatment of those suspected of criminal activity and extrajudicial killings.

Background

Balochistan consisted of four princely states: Makran, Las Bela and Kharan; these states willingly joined with Pakistan in 1947 during the Partition of India. The Khan of Kalat, Ahmed Yaar Khan choose independence as this was one of the options given to the princely states' in april 1948 however Pakistan mobilized it's armed forces and deployed them in Kalat, and the Khan was forced to accede to Pakistan. The Khans brother Prince Karim Khan declared independence and fled to Afghanistan to seek aid and began an armed struggle which failed as by June 1948 Balochistan was subsumed as a region of Pakistan. There were a further three insurgencies in the region after 1948, 1958-1959, 1962-1963 and 1973-1977 with the fifth nationalist insurgency having begun in 2002. In 1957 the Khan announced his intention so secede and Pakistan declared martial law one day later. And according to Dan Slater that pro independence feelings in East Pakistan and Balochistan increased in parity with continuing military intervention in the political arena.

Disappeared

In the period 2002-2005 it is estimated that 4000 people were detained in the province, of these only 200 were taken to court and the rest have been held incommunicado.

Military abuses

The Pakistan Rangers are alleged to have committed the majority of human rights violations in the region. The Inter-Services Intelligence(ISI) have also been accused of massive human rights abuses in Balochistan by Human Rights Watch, with the disappearances of hundreds of nationalists and activists. In 2008 alone an estimated 1102 people were disappeared from the region. There have also been reports of torture. An increasing number of bodies are being found on roadsides having been shot in the head. In July 2011, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan issued a report on illegal disappearances in Balochistan and identified ISI and Frontier Corps as the perpetrators. Through daily news reports it has been noted that ISI and Frontier Corps puts to death illegally abducted Balochs whenever there are attacks on FC's personnel or bases in Balochistan.

See also

References

  1. Akbar, Malik Siraj (12th December, 2011). "Balochistan – a human rights free zone". Dawn. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. "Pakistan: Upsurge in Killings in Balochistan". Human Rights Watch. July 13, 2011.
  3. ^ Walsh, Declan (28 July 2011). "Pakistan's military accused of escalating draconian campaign in Balochistan". The Guardian. Cite error: The named reference "Walsh" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. World Report 2012. Human Rights Watch. 2012. p. 362. ISBN 978-1-60980-389-6.
  5. Hasnat, Syed F. (2011). Global Security Watch—Pakistan (1st ed.). Praeger. p. 78. ISBN 978-0313346972.
  6. Malone, David (2010). T. V. Paul (ed.). South Asia's Weak States: Understanding the Regional Insecurity Predicament. Stanford University Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0804762212. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. Singh, RSN (2009). The Military Factor In Pakistan. Lancer. p. 191. ISBN 978-0981537894.
  8. Rashid, Ahmed (2008). Descent into Chaos: How the War Against Islamic Extremism is Being Lost in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia. Allen Lane. p. 36. ISBN 978-0713998436.
  9. Slater, Dan (2010). Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 283. ISBN 978-0521165457.
  10. Dwivedi, Manan (2009). South Asia security. Kalpaz. p. 103. ISBN 978-8178357591.
  11. Catherwood, Christopher. Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide. Facts on Files. p. 340. ISBN 978-8130903637. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  12. Jackson, Richard (2011). Terrorism: A Critical Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. Chapter 9. ISBN 9780230221178.
  13. "Pakistan: Security Forces 'Disappear' Opponents in Balochistan". Human Rights Watch.
  14. www.hrcp-web.org/pdf/balochistan_report_2011.pdf
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