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| ==1948 and aftermath== | ==1948 and aftermath== | ||
| In the ], Az-Zakariyya was the longest lasting Arab community in the southern Jerusalem Corridor.<ref>Morris, 2004, p. 521</ref> The village was defended by the ]ian ], the ] and local militiamen, who were defeated by the ] on October 23, 1948. In the course of ], the 54th Battalion of the ], found the village "almost empty", as most of the residents had fled to the nearby hills. Two residents who had remained behind were executed by Israeli soldiers. In December 1948, the army evicted about 40 "old men and women" to the ].<ref>Fourth Brigade \Intelligence, "Daily Summary 18.12.48, 19. Dec. 1948, IDFA 6647\49\\48. Quoted in Morris, 2004, p.521</ref> In March 1949 the ] requested the eviction of "145 or so" remaining villagers: the official in charge of the Jerusalem District said there were many good houses in the village which could be used to accommodate several hundred new immigrants.<ref>A. Bergman, cited in Morris, 2004, p.521</ref> In January 1950, ], ] and ] reached a decision to vacate the village, "but without coercion."<ref>Entry for 14 Jan. 1950, Weitz, Diary, IV, p. 69. Cited in Morris, 2004, p521</ref> On March 19, 1950, the transfer of the Arabs of Zakariya was approved and the order was carried out on June 9, 1950.<ref name=Bar-On/> |
In the ], Az-Zakariyya was the longest lasting Arab community in the southern Jerusalem Corridor.<ref>Morris, 2004, p. 521</ref> The village was defended by the ]ian ], the ] and local militiamen, who were defeated by the ] on October 23, 1948. In the course of ], the 54th Battalion of the ], found the village "almost empty", as most of the residents had fled to the nearby hills. Two residents who had remained behind were executed by Israeli soldiers. In December 1948, the army evicted about 40 "old men and women" to the ].<ref>Fourth Brigade \Intelligence, "Daily Summary 18.12.48, 19. Dec. 1948, IDFA 6647\49\\48. Quoted in Morris, 2004, p.521</ref> In March 1949 the ] requested the eviction of "145 or so" remaining villagers: the official in charge of the Jerusalem District said there were many good houses in the village which could be used to accommodate several hundred new immigrants.<ref>A. Bergman, cited in Morris, 2004, p.521</ref> In January 1950, ], ] and ] reached a decision to vacate the village, "but without coercion."<ref>Entry for 14 Jan. 1950, Weitz, Diary, IV, p. 69. Cited in Morris, 2004, p521</ref> On March 19, 1950, the transfer of the Arabs of Zakariya was approved and the order was carried out on June 9, 1950.<ref name=Bar-On/> | ||
| The decline in population brought after 1948 war brought the population to 1200 in Jan 1949 and to 200 in the end of that year, The place become a common place for looting a newspaper from April 1950 published that ''Mahmud Haj Shain (מחמוד חג' שהין) member of the village and two looters (persumbly original citiziens of the villege) took two bags of Flour at gun point, oil containers and cloths worth dozens of ]), on the same week an arrast worent was made for Ahmad shderma and Abdul Aziz for stealing 1000 kg of potatos from the arab viligers''. | |||
| During early 1950 newspapers in the country (Israel) stated ''the fightihng ended , the frountier is quit and you are now in front of village with Israeli citizens, the citizens tried to make their situation better but they are infront of hardships as the caddele is gone , most of the man are gone and over night they are assulted by the night robbers'' | |||
| out of the last group 70 people had been given money consulation and passed the border to Jordan and the rest scatered between Ramla and other nearby places.The manner of expulsion of the villagers is not mentioned.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p. 226"/> Some of the villagers moved to ] and ], becoming ], while others ("perhaps the majority") settled in the ] in the ].<ref name=Bar-On>Mordechai Bar-On, officer in charge of the eviction. Quoted in Morris, 2004, p.521</ref> | |||
| In 1950, ] ] was established on the village land, close to the village site.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p. 226">Khalidi, 1992, p. 226</ref> | In 1950, ] ] was established on the village land, close to the village site.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p. 226">Khalidi, 1992, p. 226</ref> | ||
Revision as of 19:47, 4 May 2012
Template:Infobox former Arab villages in Palestine
Az-Zakariyya or Zakaria (Template:Lang-ar) was a Palestinian Arab village 25 km northwest from the city of Hebron (al-Khalil) in the District of Hebron, which was depopulated in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The village had a population of 1,180 on 15,320 dunums in 1945. The village was named in honor of the prophet Zachariah.
Location
The village was located on a hill approximately 275 meters above sea level. It was next to the road between Bayt Jibrin and the Jerusalem-Jaffa highway. The streams of Wadi Ajjur and al-Sarara were located a few kilometers north of the village.
History
According to biblical sources, King David fought Goliath at this site. A town called Caper Zacharia existed there in Roman times. The village was under the administrative jurisdiction of Bayt Jibrin. During the Mamluk era, the village was a dependency of Hebron, part of the waqf supporting the Ibrahimi Mosque.
In 1596, it was under the administration of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jerusalem, part of the Sanjak of Jerusalem in the Ottoman Empire. It had a population of 259 and paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, beehives, and goats.
In the late 19th century Zakariyya was described as sitting on a slope above a broad valley surrounded by olive groves.In 1944/45 a total of 6,523 dunums of village land was allocated to cereals, while 961 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, of which 440 dunums were planted with olive trees.
1948 and aftermath
In the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Az-Zakariyya was the longest lasting Arab community in the southern Jerusalem Corridor. The village was defended by the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, the Arab Liberation Army and local militiamen, who were defeated by the Israel Defense Forces on October 23, 1948. In the course of Operation Yoav, the 54th Battalion of the Givati Brigade, found the village "almost empty", as most of the residents had fled to the nearby hills. Two residents who had remained behind were executed by Israeli soldiers. In December 1948, the army evicted about 40 "old men and women" to the West Bank. In March 1949 the Interior Ministry requested the eviction of "145 or so" remaining villagers: the official in charge of the Jerusalem District said there were many good houses in the village which could be used to accommodate several hundred new immigrants. In January 1950, David Ben-Gurion, Moshe Sharett and Yosef Weitz reached a decision to vacate the village, "but without coercion." On March 19, 1950, the transfer of the Arabs of Zakariya was approved and the order was carried out on June 9, 1950. The decline in population brought after 1948 war brought the population to 1200 in Jan 1949 and to 200 in the end of that year, The place become a common place for looting a newspaper from April 1950 published that Mahmud Haj Shain (מחמוד חג' שהין) member of the village and two looters (persumbly original citiziens of the villege) took two bags of Flour at gun point, oil containers and cloths worth dozens of Liras), on the same week an arrast worent was made for Ahmad shderma and Abdul Aziz for stealing 1000 kg of potatos from the arab viligers.
During early 1950 newspapers in the country (Israel) stated the fightihng ended , the frountier is quit and you are now in front of village with Israeli citizens, the citizens tried to make their situation better but they are infront of hardships as the caddele is gone , most of the man are gone and over night they are assulted by the night robbers
out of the last group 70 people had been given money consulation and passed the border to Jordan and the rest scatered between Ramla and other nearby places.The manner of expulsion of the villagers is not mentioned. Some of the villagers moved to Ramla and Lod, becoming internally displaced Palestinians, while others ("perhaps the majority") settled in the Dheisheh Refugee Camp in the West Bank.
In 1950, Moshav Zekharia was established on the village land, close to the village site.
Today
In 1992, Walid Khalidi described the remaining structures: "The mosque and a number of houses, some occupied by Jewish residents and others deserted, remain on the site. Large sections of the site itself are covered with wild vegetation. The mosque is in a state of neglect and an Israeli flag is planted on top of the minaret. One of the occupied houses is a two-storey stone structure with a flat roof. Its second story windows have round arches and grillwork. Parts of the surrounding lands are cultivated by Israeli farmers."
Culture
The village was known for its Palestinian costumes. A wedding dress from Zakariyya (ca. 1930) is part of the collection in Museum of International Folk Art (MOIFA) at Museum of New Mexico at Santa Fe.
Notable residents
See also
References
- Khalidi, 1992, p 224-225
- al-'Ulaymi, 1876, p. 230-1. Cited and translated in Petersen, 2002, p. 320
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter and Kamal Abdulfattah (1977), Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. p. 120. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 225
- Conder and Kitchener, SWP 1881, III p.27. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.225
- Hadawi, 1970, p.94
- Khalidi, 1992, p.225
- Morris, 2004, p. 521
- Fourth Brigade \Intelligence, "Daily Summary 18.12.48, 19. Dec. 1948, IDFA 6647\49\\48. Quoted in Morris, 2004, p.521
- A. Bergman, cited in Morris, 2004, p.521
- Entry for 14 Jan. 1950, Weitz, Diary, IV, p. 69. Cited in Morris, 2004, p521
- ^ Mordechai Bar-On, officer in charge of the eviction. Quoted in Morris, 2004, p.521
- ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 226
- Stillman, 1979, p. 60.
Bibliography
- Conder, Claude Reignier and H.H. Kitchener (1881): The Survey of Western Palestine: memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology. London:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. vol 3
- Al Jundi, Sami; Marlowe, Jen (2011), Hour of Sunlight, Nation Books, ASIN 1568584482, ISBN 9781568586311
{{citation}}: Check|asin=value (help); Unknown parameter|unused_data=ignored (help) - Fabri, Felix, Stewart (ed) (1892): The wanderings of Felix Faber. P 427-28
- Guérin, M. V. (1869): Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine. Judee Item notes: v. 1, pt. 2 p.371
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center
- Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains, Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0887282245
- Morris, Benny (2004). Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521009677
- Palmer, E. H. (1881): The survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English name lists collected during the survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and explained by E.H. Palmer. ( p.338 )
- Petersen, Andrew (2002), A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology), Oxford University Press, ASIN 0197270115, ISBN 9780197270110
{{citation}}: Check|asin=value (help); Unknown parameter|unused_data=ignored (help) p. 320 - Robinson, Edward, Eli Smith (1841): Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the Year 1838, Published by Crocker & Brewster, Item notes:v.2 (p.343, p.344, p.350 )
- Stillman, Yedida Kalfol (1979). Palestinian Costume and Jewelry, ISBN 0-8263-0490-7
- al-'Ulaymi Sauvaire (editor) (1876): Histoire de Jérusalem et d'Hébron depuis Abraham jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle de J.-C. : fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir-ed-dyn
