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| The '''London Conference of 1912-1913''' (also known as the '''London Peace Conference'''), or Conference of the Ambassadors as it is often known in Albanian history, was an ] ] of the six Great Powers of that time (Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy) to resolve certain problems in the Balkans which had arisen as a result of the collapse of the ] and the declaration of independence |
The '''London Conference of 1912-1913''' (also known as the '''London Peace Conference'''), or Conference of the Ambassadors as it is often known in Albanian history, was an ] ] of the six Great Powers of that time (Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy) to resolve certain problems in the Balkans which had arisen as a result of the collapse of the ] and the declaration of independence of ] during the ]. The conference left out of the newly created ] roughly half of the territory inhabited with substantial ] population (most notably ] and ]), and between 30%<ref>{{Citation |last=Elsie |first=Robert |author= Robert Elsie |authorlink= Robert Elsie |title= Historical dictionary of Albania |url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/historical-dictionary-of-albania/oclc/454375231&referer=brief_results |accessdate= 4 February 2012 |year=2010 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |isbn=978-0-8108-7380-3 |oclc=454375231 |page=lix |chapter= Independent Albania (1912—1944) |chapterurl=http://books.google.rs/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&pg=PR59&dq=%22%22Independent+Albania+(1912%22%22robert+elsie&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L6AtT7TZLsT04QS4gcX_DQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Independent%20Albania%20(1912%22&f=false |quote= ... about 30 percent of the Albanian population were excluded from the new state }}</ref> and 40% of the Albanian population.<ref name="Bugajski2002"/> | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
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| The first session of the conference began on 16 December 1912, but ended on 23 January 1913, when the ] in the ] took place. <ref></ref> | The first session of the conference began on 16 December 1912, but ended on 23 January 1913, when the ] in the ] took place. <ref></ref> | ||
| On 30 May 1913, the conference signed the ], an agreement under which Ottoman Empire would give up all territory west of the Enos-Midia line. After much discussion, the Ambassadors reached a formal decision on 29 July 1913, |
On 30 May 1913, the conference signed the ], an agreement under which Ottoman Empire would give up all territory west of the Enos-Midia line. After much discussion, the Ambassadors reached a formal decision on 29 July 1913, to establish the ] as a sovereign state independent of the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{cite web|last=Elsie|first=Robert|title=The Conference of London|url=http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1913_2.html|accessdate=5 January 2012}}</ref> | ||
| As a result of the decisions taken and because of pressures from ] and the ], half of the predominantly native Albanian territory and 40% of the Albanian population was left out of the newly-established ].<ref name="Bugajski2002">{{cite book|author=Janusz Bugajski|title=Political Parties of Eastern Europe: A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9gGKtLTQlUcC&pg=PA675|accessdate=29 May 2012|year=2002|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-1-56324-676-0|page=675|quote=Roughly half of the predominantly Albanian territories and 40% of the population were left outside the new country's borders}}</ref> In particular ] was given to ] and ] to Greece.<ref name="Bugajski2002"/> | As a result of the decisions taken and because of pressures from ] and the ], half of the predominantly native Albanian territory of ] and between 30%<ref>{{Citation |last=Elsie |first=Robert |author= Robert Elsie |authorlink= Robert Elsie |title= Historical dictionary of Albania |url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/historical-dictionary-of-albania/oclc/454375231&referer=brief_results |accessdate= 4 February 2012 |year=2010 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |isbn=978-0-8108-7380-3 |oclc=454375231 |page=lix |chapter= Independent Albania (1912—1944) |chapterurl=http://books.google.rs/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&pg=PR59&dq=%22%22Independent+Albania+(1912%22%22robert+elsie&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L6AtT7TZLsT04QS4gcX_DQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Independent%20Albania%20(1912%22&f=false |quote= ... about 30 percent of the Albanian population were excluded from the new state }}</ref> and 40% of the Albanian population was left out of the newly-established ].<ref name="Bugajski2002">{{cite book|author=Janusz Bugajski|title=Political Parties of Eastern Europe: A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9gGKtLTQlUcC&pg=PA675|accessdate=29 May 2012|year=2002|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-1-56324-676-0|page=675|quote=Roughly half of the predominantly Albanian territories and 40% of the population were left outside the new country's borders}}</ref> In particular ] was given to ] and ] to Greece.<ref name="Bugajski2002"/> | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 13:48, 29 May 2012
The London Conference of 1912-1913 (also known as the London Peace Conference), or Conference of the Ambassadors as it is often known in Albanian history, was an international summit of the six Great Powers of that time (Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy) to resolve certain problems in the Balkans which had arisen as a result of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the declaration of independence of Albania during the First Balkan War. The conference left out of the newly created Principality of Albania roughly half of the territory inhabited with substantial Albanian population (most notably Kosovo Vilayet and Chameria), and between 30% and 40% of the Albanian population.
History
An armistice to end the First Balkan War had been signed on 3 December 1912.
The London Peace Conference was attended by those delegates from the Balkan allies (including Greece) who had not signed the previous armistice, as well as Ottoman Empire.
The first session of the conference began on 16 December 1912, but ended on 23 January 1913, when the Coup of 1913 in the Ottoman Empire took place.
On 30 May 1913, the conference signed the Treaty of London (1913), an agreement under which Ottoman Empire would give up all territory west of the Enos-Midia line. After much discussion, the Ambassadors reached a formal decision on 29 July 1913, to establish the Principality of Albania as a sovereign state independent of the Ottoman Empire.
As a result of the decisions taken and because of pressures from Greece and the Serbia, half of the predominantly native Albanian territory of Independent Albania and between 30% and 40% of the Albanian population was left out of the newly-established Principality of Albania. In particular Kosovo Vilayet was given to Serbia and Chameria to Greece.
See also
References
- Elsie, Robert (2010), "Independent Albania (1912—1944)", Historical dictionary of Albania, Lanham: Scarecrow Press, p. lix, ISBN 978-0-8108-7380-3, OCLC 454375231, retrieved 4 February 2012,
... about 30 percent of the Albanian population were excluded from the new state
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|author=and|last=specified (help); Unknown parameter|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Janusz Bugajski (2002). Political Parties of Eastern Europe: A Guide to Politics in the Post-Communist Era. M.E. Sharpe. p. 675. ISBN 978-1-56324-676-0. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
Roughly half of the predominantly Albanian territories and 40% of the population were left outside the new country's borders
- The Treaty of London, 1913
- Elsie, Robert. "The Conference of London". Retrieved 5 January 2012.
- Elsie, Robert (2010), "Independent Albania (1912—1944)", Historical dictionary of Albania, Lanham: Scarecrow Press, p. lix, ISBN 978-0-8108-7380-3, OCLC 454375231, retrieved 4 February 2012,
... about 30 percent of the Albanian population were excluded from the new state
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|author=and|last=specified (help); Unknown parameter|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)