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Hey, Bitch. Wanted to let you know that this is my 40th sockpuppet, and that I registered this account awhile back just for kicks. DON'T FUCK WITH ME. I added info on here about prison rape, anal sex, oral sex, and sockpuppetry. And if you scroll all the way down I added a nice picture of you. Vandalizing na moda brasileira!

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Prison rape commonly refers to the rape of inmates in prison, usually by other inmates but occasionally corrections staff. The latter is more often the case in female prison populations. Physically weaker or isolated inmates, or those not schooled in street culture, are particularly vulnerable to prison rape. Due to the same-sex nature of prisons, prison rape brings with it many (often false) implications and assumptions regarding sex roles and sexual orientation. There appears to be significant variation in the rates of prison rape by race, as documented by Human Rights Watch ]. Usually in U.S. male prisons, perpetrators seem to be mostly African Americans (see also down-low). Victims tend to be weak or isolated white men.

Male rapists in prison typically identify themselves as heterosexual and project any homosexual feelings they might have onto the victim, often stating that they have made a faggot or "punk" of their victim or "turned him out". Furthermore, to deny the ultimately homosexual nature of the activity, they may feel threatened by new arrivals who refuse to rape men or coerce sex from men, as it threatens to reveal this bedrock truth. In contrast, other men, at the time of their incarceration, even those with non-gay identities in the "free" world, will sometimes claim to be gay in order to be sent to the "gay tank." These segregated units exist in some prisons to reduce the violence, sexual and otherwise, to which normatively gay prisoners would be treated in the general populations. Non-gay men sometimes wish to be placed in the "gay tank" on the belief that the risk of sexual violence will be less likely there than in other contexts.

The boundaries of sexual orientation in prison are easily confused and confusing, and follow different cultural rules than in the non-prison world. As far as male prison sex in general is concerned, the reigning idea is that "active" role is carried out by a self-identified heterosexual during sexual intercourse even to the extent two men are involved. By contrast, the "passive" role, be it either a rape victim or a willing partner, is typically thought of as homosexual. Many times, men in the free world who were gay prior to incarceration (and those who thereafter who were "made" into a "punk") are often thought of as being beyond the category of those who can be raped; their consent may simply be assumed by other prisoners and guards even when the activity is observed. It is for this reason that prison rape is so frequently underreported, according to studies who have surveyed men after incarceration.

That said, the individual roles assumed during forced homosexual intercourse cannot be strictly delineated. The rapist may have forced the victim to penetrate him, and the actual act of rape may not necessarily be limited to the rapist as penetrator. The act might be likely achieved by brute-force, but by coercion or blackmail.

According to Stop Prisoner Rape, Inc., there are now more men raped in prisons in the United States than women being similarly assaulted on the outside. They estimate that one quarter of a million inmates are getting raped each year, that young men are five times more likely to be attacked, and that the prison rape victims are ten times more likely to contract a deadly disease. Although it is beyond question that rape behind bars occurs, the extent of the problem as documented by Stop Prison Rape is unclear given selection bias during data collection (which results in an increased likelihood of overestimation). Many human rights groups, such as Human Rights Watch and Stop Prisoner Rape, claim that prison officers tolerate rape as a means of controlling the prison population in general.

Suicide amongst rape victims is a problem of unknown proportions. The mother of a rape victim who committed suicide in prison testified in Congress that a prison warden told her before her son’s suicide that, "This happens to everybody. Learn to deal with it. It’s no big deal."

Prisoner rape law in the United States

According to the same source new Federal Law, Public Law 108-79 was passed in the United States in 2003.

According to the same website,

The bill calls for the gathering of national statistics about the problem; the development of guidelines for states about how to address prisoner rape; the creation of a review panel to hold annual hearings; and the provision of grants to states to combat the problem. "Unfortunately, in many facilities throughout the country sexual abuse continues virtually unchecked," said Stemple. "Too often, corrections officers turn a blind eye, or in the case of women inmates, actually perpetrate the abuse. We hope federal legislation will not only create incentives for states to take this problem seriously, but also give facilities the tools and information they need to prevent it."

Notes

1. Bruntmyer's testimony is found in Prison Rape Prevention (2002).

See also

• Prison sexuality
• Custodial rape
• Male rape
• Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003

External links and references

• Prison rape in the popular lexicon
• No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons— Human Rights Watch report
• Stop Prisoner Rape— Organization campaigning against prison rape
• Memories of Rape— A personal account – harrowing but informative (explicit sexual references and language)

Anal sex or anal intercourse is a commonly practiced form of human sexual behavior. While the term anal sex can be used to describe any sexual act involving the anus and/or rectum, it is more specifically used to describe the insertion of the erect penis into the rectum through the anus. It is practiced by a wide variety of people including both heterosexual and homosexual partners.

Overview

Although it is also practiced by heterosexuals and bisexuals, anal sex is often associated with homosexual men. However, like persons of other sexual orientations, some gay and bisexual men enjoy sexual activities of this kind while others do not. Due to the wide range of people that practice anal sex, the reasons that people have for practicing anal sex vary greatly.

Generally, for women, pleasure is derived through anal intercourse due to the shared nerve endings that are located between the rectal wall and the vagina. The anus itself also contains many nerves which can also react in a pleasurable manner when excited. In regular sexual intercourse, the vagina normally produces its own lubrication while the rectum does not do so. That is why personal lubricants (which can generally be bought in drug stores) are recommended by sexologists for use during anal sex.

On the other hand, males who participate in anal sex have different reasons for the pleasure experienced. Men who have anal sex with penetration of a female partner generally cite the tightness of the anus as a primary source of pleasure, while males receiving anal intercourse generally gain pleasure through the prostate gland that is located near the rectal wall. Much like women, men do not produce lubrication in the rectal area; that is why men are simillarly encouraged to use personal lubricants if they choose to receive anal sex.

Using personal lubricants during anal sex not only increases the pleasure of the people involved, it also decreases the risk of STIs. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization, unprotected anal sex carries more risk of STI transmission than vaginal or oral sex due to the less lubricated nature of the rectal area. In addition to lubrication, people who engage in anal sex are encouraged first and foremost to use a latex condom in order to reduce these risks with their sexual partners.

Anal sex among heterosexuals

Edward O. Laumann's The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States found that about 20% of heterosexuals have engaged in anal sex, and sex researcher Alfred Kinsey found that number to be closer to 40%. More recently, a researcher from the University of British Columbia (quoted in the May 5 2005 issue of The Georgia Straight) puts the number of heterosexuals who regularly practice anal sex at between 30% and 50%.

In several cultures (such as the Mediterranean area, Middle East and Latin America) female receptive anal intercourse in a heterosexual context is widely accepted, especially as there is less risk of unwanted pregnancy via unprotected anal than unprotected vaginal intercourse. Anal sex is even sometimes seen as preserving female virginity (or at least preserving an intact hymen until marriage) .

Some have purported that the appeal of anal sex, to heterosexuals, is the concept of degradation: the woman is being used for the man's pleasure, without receiving any on her own. However, this is generally not considered to be the reason most people have anal sex. One of the predominant reasons for it is to prevent pregnancy, but this method is not fool-proof. Another is that the anus is considered to be "tighter" than the vagina, therefore yielding more tactile pleasure for the penis. However, women can enjoy anal sex greatly and even can achieve anal orgasm if performed correctly.

In certain contexts male-male anal intercourse among males who otherwise identify as heterosexual is seen as a temporary behaviour to which they resort when confined in single-sex environments. An example of such situation can be found in prisons or with soldiers that are separated from partners. (See: Situational sexual behavior and Prison sex) Some men have sex with men without categorising themselves as homosexual or bisexual. These men who have sex with men (MSM) may still identify as heterosexual while engaging in same sex activity from time to time. (See Down-low.)

Anal sex among gay/bisexual men

In modern times in Western cultures, anal sex is popularly associated with gay men, and studies (Lauman, for example) claim that about 80% of gay men in the United States have engaged in anal sex.

Not all gay/bi men, however, regularly engage in anal sex or find it pleasurable. According to the Lauman study a significant minority (the remaining 20 %) never engage in it at all. The Corroborative studies in the urban men's health study (a.k.a Gay Urban Men's Study, P.I. Stall, UCSF) and the Young Men's Study (YMS, PI Osmond/Catania, UCSF) claim that only 50% of gay men engage in anal sex. Furthermore, the numbers in sexual surveys tend to reflect whether a gay man has ever had anal sex or has had anal sex in the last year, not distinguishing between men who've simply tried it and men who regularly engage in it. Since data on gay (or bi) sexual behavior tends to arouse such controversy, it is difficult to make solid claims in this area.

While some gay/bi male couples comprise an "active" partner and a "receptive" or "passive" partner (a top and a bottom) this is not true of all gay/bi couples who practice anal sex: many gay/bi men who have anal sex both "top" and "bottom" at different times, also known as "versatile" or "switch."

Several gay slang terms, such as the ones described are generally reserved only for anal sex between two males.

Cultural issues

Eastern Cultures

Historically, several cultures, such as medieval Japan and others are known to have been normative practitioners of male-male anal intercourse, often in the context of a mentor-student relationship between an adolescent male and an adult man (see pederasty). Some claim that the males who participated in such relationships cannot properly be called homosexual, arguing that in classical cultures such distinctions did not exist, and participation in these male-male relationships did not preclude sex with women. The persistence of such practices in areas such as certain nomadic parts of the Middle East (where it is believed men are for pleasure and women are for sex) clouds this distinction, however.

The practice is thought to have been so common in Ancient Greece that the term "Greek love" was used to refer to the practice, and in modern times, "Greek" is sometimes used as slang for anal sex. However, the view that homosexual anal sex was a commonly accepted practice in Ancient Greece is widely disputed. Some literature has argued that the important social transgression was lowering oneself socially, that is, a high status person was not supposed to be penetrated by a lower status person, and thus passive anal intercourse by men was frowned upon in Ancient Greece and considered a serious moral transgression. Certainly, male passive anal intercourse was (officially) frowned-upon in Rome. Others have argued that in Greece, rather than anal sex, male-male couples actually engaged in non-penetrative interfemoral intercourse. However, this view has been disputed. The historian K.J. Dover discusses these matters thoroughly in his classic work Greek Homosexuality.

In several cultures, notably Japan, records (including detailed woodblock prints) leave no question that male-male couples did engage in penetrative anal intercourse.

The 19th century anthropologist Richard Francis Burton has theorized that there is a geographical Sotadic zone wherein male/male penetrative intercourse is particularly prevalent and accepted; moreover he was one of the first writers to advance the premise that such an orientation is biologically determined.

In many cultures, even those where female receptive anal intercourse is considered normative, male receptive anal intercourse, even in a heterosexual context, is seen as taboo, or as less common. In some cultures anal sex is so commonly linked with homosexuality that any male who engages in receptive anal intercourse is considered homosexual, even if he is penetrated by a female partner with a sexual device (see pegging) or other things such as her hand, finger, or fist. In some cultures, only males who are penetrated by other males are considered homosexual, while males who penetrate other males are not.

Some women, both lesbians and heterosexual women, practice anal sex as the "active" partner, using fingers or sex toys to penetrate their partners.

Western Cultures

In many Western countries, anal sex has generally been thought taboo since the Middle Ages when heretical movements were sometimes slandered by rumours that their members practiced anal sex among themselves. At that time the mainstream Christian clergy was not celibate, but the highest orders of some heretical sects were, leading to rumours that their celibacy was a sign of their attraction to members of the same sex. The term buggery originated in medieval Europe as an insult used to describe the rumoured same-sex sexual practices of the heretics from the Buggre sect. This sect originated in medieval Bulgaria, where its followers were called bogomils, but when they spread out of the country they were called buggres (from the ethnonym Bulgars).

Some medieval European woodcuts portray persons kissing the anus of a goat-like figure representing the Christian Devil.

As recently as 2003, several jurisdictions in the United States had laws making anal sex and other forms of sodomy a crime. Many of these statutes purported to prohibit anal sex by same-sex partners. In 2003, John Lawrence and Tyron Garner brought a landmark suit that challenged as unconstitutional Texas's anti-sodomy law before the United States Supreme Court. Lawrence and Garner had previously been apprehended in Lawrence's home in the act of anal sex, after a neighbour had made a false noise complaint to the local police. The Supreme Court struck down the Texas law by a 6–3 vote. Five of the justices joined the deciding opinion, which overturned the Court's previous ruling on sodomy in Bowers v. Hardwick. The Court reached the conclusion that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the state from regulating private behaviours between adults without furthering a legitimate state interest. The governmental interest behind the law, moral objection to homosexuality, was held to not be a legitimate interest. (See Lawrence v. Texas.)

Health Issues

Anal sex, especially without prophylactic (condom) use, can be an effective way of passing on Sexually Transmissible Infections (STIs).

Anal penetration carries some risks which vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and "outercourse" do not. The rectum and colon are not self-lubricating like the vagina and colorectal tissue is more delicate, meaning friction or insertion damage may happen more easily. The colorectal passage curves and is not strongly muscled nor padded, so physical injury may also happen more easily. Colorectal function includes absorption of fluid into the blood stream, providing an efficient entry point for STIs and an easy barrier to cross through even small tears in the intestinal lining.

These risks can be reduced by:

• Consistent and correct use of personal lubricant and condoms. Oil-based lubricants like Vaseline that destroy latex condoms should be avoided.

• Slow, gentle and responsive insertion to avoid pain and tearing.

Insertion of objects with edges or points can cause severe injury. Objects can also get lodged in the rectum, requiring medical intervention; hospital records confirm how inventive human beings can be in discovering objects to insert into their rectums. For this reason, most modern dildos are made with flared bases. Additionally, nothing longer than eight inches (20 cm) should be inserted into the rectum without care and preparation. Objects forced more than seven or eight inches (17-20 cm) into the body risk colliding with the sigmoid colon, a bend in the intestine, and in cases of rough handling, trauma can result in internal bleeding with potentially fatal results.

Nothing that has been placed in or at the anus, including fingers, should ever contact the vagina or the mouth, either externally or internally, without being thoroughly washed with anti-bacterial soap or a similar disinfectant, to avoid infection caused by the transmission of bacteria or by feces becoming lodged internally. Condoms can be placed over sex toys and latex or nitrile gloves can be worn to protect the hands and fingers. These should be used once and then discarded. Objects inserted in the anus should be washed carefully after every use. Shared sex toys can also transmit disease or infection, and should be thoroughly cleaned between use or be covered with a condom that is discarded between users. Silicone, metal acrylic, and glass dildos may be sterilized via cleaning and boiling instead. (See masturbation for more information on the use of sex toys.)

Some couples engage in "felching," where the top sucks out the semen he has deposited in the anus of the bottom as a result of "bareback" anal intercourse. This practice carries similar health risks to rimming.

Like any form of sex, anal sex can be riskier under the influence of alcohol or drugs, as these may alter judgment, reduce one's ability to assess risky behaviour or create a heightened sense of invulnerability.

Condoms and anal sex

Condoms are known to be less effective and more prone to burst or slip during anal sex than vaginal sex. It has been estimated that condoms fail anywhere from 10% - 32% of the time during anal sex. Due to this Durex has added a warning to boxes of their condoms saying "for vaginal sex only".

Some manufacturers offer "extra strong" condoms designed specifically for anal intercourse. These condoms, while stronger, are usually not coated with spermicide and so offer less protection against pregnancy should semen enter a woman's vagina. However, since spermicide is not believed to help prevent STDs, the lacking of spermicide is not an issue for homosexual sex, and strengthened condoms should be used.

Legal issues

References

1. Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1885). "Section D: Pederasty". "Terminal Essay", from his translation of The Arabian Nights. Retrieved 2006-04-03.
2. Silverman, B G (1997). "Use and Effectiveness of Condoms During Anal Intercourse". Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 24 (1): 14. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

1. Freud, S. 1905 - Three essays on the theory of sexuality

Further reading

• Bentley, Toni The Surrender: An Erotic Memoir, Regan Books, 2004.
• Houser, Ward Anal Sex. Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.), Garland Publishing, 1990. pp. 48-50.
• Morin, Jack Anal Pleasure & Health: A Guide for Men and Women, Down There Press, 1998.
• Taormino, Tristan Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Women, Cleis Press, 1997, 2006.

See also

• Anal-oral contact
• Anal masturbation
• Anal orgasm
• Ass to mouth, aka "ATM" or "A2M"
• Ass to pussy
• Barebacking
• Buggery Act (UK)
• Fisting
• List of anal sex positions
• Santorum controversy
• Sexual slang
• Splash conception
• Strap-on dildo
• Tristan Taormino

Oral sex (from Latin os, oris "mouth") consists of all the sexual activities that involve the use of the mouth, tongue, etc., to stimulate genitalia. It may be used as foreplay before intercourse, or as climax of a sexual act, which may also include the ingestion of semen and vaginal fluids. Ingestion of these fluids alone, without physical mouth-to-genital contact, is not considered to be oral sex. Common slang terms for oral sex, regardless of gender or sexual orientation, include to "go down on" or "give head to" a partner.

Oral sex is often used as the principal form of sexual expression or as part of foreplay. Not only are the sexual organs sensitive and well supplied with nerve endings, the same is true of the mouth, tongue and lips, so enjoyment of oral sex is not always limited to the person on the receiving end.

Utility

In heterosexual relationships, oral sex can be a method of contraception (birth control) since pregnancy is impossible unless semen enters the vagina. Many heterosexuals choose oral or anal sex as an alternative to intercourse for this reason (although anal sex does not necessarily prevent semen from entering the vagina). It is important to note, however, that these activities are not effective methods of preventing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

A report issued in September 2005 by the National Center for Health Statistics was the basis of an article in the September 26 2005 issue of Time magazine. The report comes from the results of a computer-administered survey of over 12,000 Americans between the ages of 15 and 44, and states that over half the teenagers questioned have had oral sex. While some headlines have interpreted this as evidence that oral sex among teens is "on the rise", it should be noted that this was the first comprehensive study of its kind to examine the matter.

In male homosexual relationships, oral sex is one common alternative for those uncomfortable with anal sex, in addition to being widely enjoyed in its own right. Some contend that homosexual partners can have an enhanced ability to perform oral sex on members of the same gender because they are already familiar with their own body's sensations and responses.

Among dedicated virgins, oral sex is also common, as to many it is perceived as not counting as full sex, and thus engaging in the practice does not entail the loss of virginity.

Techniques

Fellatio

Fellatio describes the oral stimulation of the penis. A common technique of fellatio is to take the glans of the erect penis in the mouth while rhythmically caressing the rest of the penis with the hands; the testes and the shaft of the penis can also be licked with the tongue. Suction is often used to increase the pressure and friction exerted on the penis.

Depending on the preference of the participants, this stimulation may produce an orgasm and ejaculation of semen which may or may not be swallowed, hence the slang phrase "spit or swallow". It should be noted that sexual arousal of the penis will often produce a small quantity of pre-ejaculatory fluid from the urethra at the tip of the penis prior to ejaculation. This fluid is produced by the Cowper's glands and is not semen (and has been demonstrated to contain far lower quantities of sperm than true semen). Its purpose is to cleanse the urethra and make the conditions of the urethra more suitable for ejaculation because the alkaline secretion will neutralise the acidic residual urine that might be still in the urethra and prepare it for the ejaculation of semen that may soon follow, as well as to provide lubrication for the foreskin and glans during foreplay and intercourse.

While the use of the mouth to stimulate the penis, especially the glans, is a central feature of fellatio, often the partner simultaneously stimulates the shaft of the penis with her/his hand to provide the man with the feeling of the penis being enclosed. Some authorities (such as Franklin, The Ultimate Kiss, p. 62) recommend this as the preferred and most satisfying method of providing oral sex to a man. Another very efficient technique is to have penis' head go in and out of mouth very quickly (without going down to shaft). This gives the receiver extreme stimulation and can lead to ejaculation in less than a minute. Fellatio contests take place in some countries.

Some males regard the reception of oral sex as an ego boost, believing that such an act is a form of dominance over their sexual partner. Also, for some males, when their partner swallows their ejaculate, it sends a subconscious message that their partner accepts them. However, if the partner is unwilling to swallow or allow the semen into their mouth (and spit it back out), a common variant consists of the fellatee ejaculating over the fellator's face or neck (often called a pearl necklace) or chest (this is often called "cum on body", "cum on boobs" (COB) hence the shortcut "BBBJCOB" (bare back blow job cum on body).

One form of fellatio is known as deep throating, after the 1972 pornographic film Deep Throat. This technique involves repressing the gag reflex and taking the entire erect penis in the mouth, the shaft bending slightly to allow the head of the penis to slide partially down the throat of the fellator/fellatrix.

The common slang term blow-job is a misnomer, as blowing is not normally part of fellatio. In fact, blowing air into a partner's penis is an unhealthy practice. It is often suggested to be a corruption of "below-job", an old victorian slang term that was commonly used to describe the act. However, there's a second school of thought that believes the word "blow" in "blow-job" indicates the climax of the penis (compare to blowing of a volcano). The phrase "blow-job" originated in the 1940's.

Cunnilingus

Cunnilingus is the act of using the mouth and tongue to stimulate the female genitals, especially the clitoris. The term comes from an alternative Latin word for the vulva (cunnus) and from the Latin word for licking (lingere). Some 33% of women report never or seldom achieving orgasm during intercourse, and cunnilingus may be a way for women to achieve orgasm with a partner.

As in all human sexual behaviour, the variety of techniques in cunnilingus and individual responses to them are almost endless. As always, communication, experimentation and practice are the best way to learn how to please a particular partner.

The clitoris is the most sensitive part for almost all women, but may be too sensitive to stimulate directly at times, especially in early stages of arousal, and it's often best to begin with more gentle and less focused stimulation of the labia and the whole genital area.

Tongue tip, blade or underside can be used, as can the nose, lips and teeth (with caution). Movements can be slow or fast, regular or erratic, firm or soft, as the moment requires.

The tongue can be inserted into the vagina, either stiffened or moving. Humming to cause vibration while performing cunnilingus is often considered to be especially arousing, with certain pitches, rhythms or tunes thought to be particularly effective by different people.

Cunnilingus is easily accompanied by the insertion of finger or a sex toy into the vagina, which allows for the simultaneous stimulation of the g-spot, which many women find produces very intense sensations. Many other activities can accompany cunnilingus to enhance overall pleasure, of course, limited only by preference, physics, anatomy and multitasking ability.

A popular slang term for cunnilingus is eating out, which is a misnomer because nothing is "consumed," except perhaps bodily fluids if protection is not used. There are several emerging slang terms as well. Poon-job is a fast growing slang term and a cunnilingus variant of "blow-job" (see the section of Fellatio above), where "poon" is short for punani. Additionally, in homosexual culture a common slang term used is giving lip or lip service.

Variants

Facesitting is a form of oral sex in which the receiver sits on the giver's face and pushes into it with his or her genitals.

Oral sex can be performed by both partners at the same time in the so-called sixty-nine position.

The receiver of oral sex may find it pleasurable if the giver hums or sings at the same time, sometimes called a hummer. This in effect makes the giver's mouth into a vibrator, though unlike mechanical vibrators the mouth has built-in lubricant (saliva). A similar effect can be created by placing a small, yet powerful vibrator under the jaw, causing the tongue to vibrate, which can be very pleasurable in small quantities, but can be numbing for one or both parties if overused.

Also, eye contact during fellatio or cunnilingus may be very stimulating and more pleasurable as it acknowledges that a real person is performing oral sex, not a machine or sex toy.

Taboo

Oral sex had been considered to be a taboo or at least frowned upon in many parts of the world (): partly as yet another form of sexual act that does not lead to procreation (in Christian and Islamic cultures), and partly as a humiliating and/or unclean practice (in Islamic and African cultures, in Ancient Rome and Ancient India). At least in some cases this is due to the symbolic values attached to different parts of the body.

In the West before the Middle Ages, and within certain constraints, the act of oral sex was a more or less widely accepted activity in those cultures that practiced regular and consistent bathing .

In pre-Christian ancient Rome sexual acts were generally seen through the prism of submission and control. This is apparent in the two Latin words for the act: irrumare (to penetrate orally), and fellare (to be penetrated orally). Under this system, it was considered to be abhorrent for a male to perform fellatio or cunnilingus, since that would mean that he was penetrated (controlled), whereas receiving fellatio from a woman or another man of lower social status (such as a slave or debtor) was not humiliating. (On the contrary, in Greece, there was a tendency to see the person "performing" oral sex as active and the "receiving" party as passive.) The Romans regarded oral sex as being far more shameful than, for example, anal sex — known practitioners were supposed to have foul breath and were often unwelcome as guests at a dinner table . The practice was taboo for public health reasons, as well. In Rome, the genitals were considered to be unclean. Oral sex was thought to make the mouth dirty, and (ultimately) to present a public health risk.

Interestingly, the practice of fellatio was said to have been introduced by the women of Lesbos, who used to whiten their lips as though with semen.

The Ancient Indian Kama Sutra, dating from the first centuries AD, does describe oral sex , discussing fellatio in great detail and only briefly mentioning cunnilingus. However, according to the Kama Sutra, fellatio is above all a characteristic of eunuchs, who use their mouths as a substitute for female genitalia. The author states that it is also practiced by "unchaste women", but mentions widespread traditional concerns about this being a degrading or unclean practice, with known practitioners being evaded as love partners in large parts of the country. He seems to agree with these attitudes to some extent, claiming that "a wise man" should not engage in that form of intercourse, while acknowledging that it can be appropriate in some (unspecified) cases.

A common misperception is that oral sex is still nominally illegal in some states in the U.S. However, in the U.S. Supreme Court case Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Justice Anthony Kennedy writing for the majority struck down all anti-sodomy laws in the United States, declaring that such laws violated the liberty phrase of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Most anti-oral sex laws had not been enforced prior to this overturning.

Health issues

Semen contains water, small amounts of salt, protein, zinc and fructose sugar. It is slightly alkaline which causes some to find the taste bitter or brackish, but neither male nor female sexual bodily fluids are in themselves harmful to a sexual partner, apart from concerns of STDs (separately discussed below).

Urban legend sometimes describes semen as nutritious and a good source of protein; however, this is at best minimally true. Semen contains only a small amount of protein and in any case is typically only available in small quantities during oral sex.

Partners should be careful not to bite or scratch the genitalia with the teeth harder than desired. It is also possible for the inside of the mouth to be bruised by the penis if oral sex is too rough, although this can be lessened if the person giving fellatio tilts their head back (as in looking up) instead of keeping the head level. People with mouth ulcers and Temporomandibular Joint Disorder may find that giving oral sex is uncomfortable.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Contrary to popular belief, oral sex is not a safe alternative to vaginal or anal sex. Chlamydia, human papillomavirus (HPV), gonorrhea, herpes, hepatitis (multiple strains), and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) — including HIV — can be transmitted through oral sex. Any kind of direct contact with body fluids of a person infected with HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) should be avoided. In 2005, a research study at the University of Malmö in Sweden suggested that performing unprotected oral sex on a person infected with HPV might increase the risk of oral cancer.

Furthermore, oral sex should be avoided when either partner has wounds or open sores on the genitals or mouth, or bleeding gums in the mouth, or has recently brushed, flossed, undergone dental work, or eaten crunchy foods such as potato chips, all of which can cause small scratches in the lining of the mouth. These wounds, even when they are microscopic, increase the chances of contracting STDs that can be transmitted orally under these conditions. Such contact can also lead to more mundane infections from common bacteria and viruses found in, around and secreted from the genital regions. Because of this, many medical professionals advise the use of condoms in the performance of fellatio (flavoured condoms are available for this purpose) and the use of plastic or latex sheets (dental dams or ordinary plastic wrap) for cunnilingus, although the latter has failed to achieve the same level of widespread use as condoms.

Terminology and slang

There are many words describing oral sex, including euphemisms and slang. Like all aspects of sexuality, there exist a very large number of variations on a theme, and no attempt will be made here to represent them all.

• The word fellatio comes from the Latin term fellare which means "to suck".
• A common slang term for giving oral sex to either a man or woman is "giving head", from the term "head job" (in contrast to "hand job" - manual stimulation).
• The use of the term "blowjob" in a sexual context was first recorded in 1961; as recently as 1953 it meant "type of airplane".
• According to another view, the term "blowjob" stems from the Victorian era. Prostitutes were often referred to as "blowsy", as "blow" was slang for ejaculation. "Blowjob" describes the man's experience. Another explanation is that "blow" is a contraction of "below" as the act was originally known by Prostitutes as a "below job". Another explanation is that "blow" was slang for fast; as the prostitutes didn't have to undress to perform one, it was referred to as a blowjob.

References

• Kaiser R. T. "Air embolism death of a pregnant woman secondary to orogenital sex". Acad Emerg Med. 1994 Nov-Dec;1(6):555-8.
• Hill B. F, Jones J. S. "Venous air embolism following orogenital sex during pregnancy". Am J Emerg Med. 1993 Mar;11(2):155-7.
• Jacqueline Franklin, The Ultimate Kiss: Oral Lovemaking, A Sensual Guide for Couples (Los Angeles: Media Press, 2001) ISBN 0917181174

See also

• Anal-oral contact
• Foreplay
• Sexual slang
• Deep throat (sexual act)

External links

• Discovery Health on Cunnilingus
• Oral sex and HIV (from CDC)

Sockpuppets

This page documents an English Misplaced Pages policy.It describes a widely accepted standard that editors should normally follow, though exceptions may apply. Changes made to it should reflect consensus.

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This page in a nutshell: With few exceptions, users should make all their contributions from a single account.

A sock puppet is an additional username used by a Wikipedian who edits under more than one name. The Wikipedian who uses a sock puppet may be called a sock puppeteer. Use of sock puppets is discouraged in most cases; Jimbo Wales has said, "There's no specific policy against it, but it's generally considered uncool unless you have a good reason."

The reason for discouraging sock puppets is to prevent abuses such as a person voting more than once in a poll, or using multiple accounts to circumvent Misplaced Pages policies. Some people feel that second accounts should not be used at all; others feel it is harmless if the accounts are all behaving acceptably.

Also see this page for information on how this affects other online communities.

Multiple accounts have legitimate uses. But you must refrain from using them in any way prohibited to sock puppets and from using one account to support the position of another, the standard definition of sock puppetry. If someone uses multiple accounts, it is recommended that he or she provides links between the accounts, so it is easy to determine that they are shared by one individual.

Prohibited uses of sock puppets

Voting

Misplaced Pages uses a "one person, one vote" principle for all votes and similar discussions where individual preferences are counted in any fashion. Accordingly, sock puppets are not permitted to vote in any Misplaced Pages election, nor are they allowed to participate in any similar procedure, such as polls and surveys or the discussions at Misplaced Pages:Articles for deletion and Misplaced Pages:Requests for adminship. Proven sock puppets may be permanently blocked if used to cast double votes.

Deception and impersonation

In addition to double-voting, sock puppets should not be used for purposes of deception, or to create the illusion of broader support for a position. This kind of behavior is disruptive and unnecessary for any potentially legitimate use of sock puppets. In particular, accounts that are used to maliciously impersonate another Wikipedian should be blocked permanently.

Circumventing policy

Policies apply per person, not per account. Policies such as 3RR are for each person's edits. Similarly, using a second account for policy violations will cause any penalties to also be applied to your main account.

Users who are banned from editing or temporarily subject to a legitimate block may not use sock puppets to circumvent this. Evading a ban in this manner causes the timer on the ban to restart.

Administrative sock puppets prohibited

The community has strongly rejected users having more than one username with admin powers. If you leave, come back under a new name and are nominated for admin, it is expected that you will give up admin powers on your old account (You may do this quietly with your old account and not have to show a link between accounts). You should have only one account with powers greater than those of a regular editor.

Legitimate uses of multiple accounts

Multiple accounts have legitimate uses. For example, prominent users might create a new account in order to experience how the community functions for new users. In particular, some have suggested that Jimbo should get, and edit from, a sock puppet account. Perhaps he does.

Segregation and security

Other users employ multiple accounts to segregate their contributions for various reasons. A user making substantial contributions to an area of interest in Misplaced Pages might register another account to be used solely in connection with developing that area.

Some users use alternate accounts for security reasons. Because public computers can have password-stealing trojans installed, users may feel that they put themselves at increased risk if they log in from a public computer using their main accounts.

Multiple accounts also serve to protect identity. Someone who is known to the public or within a particular circle may be identifiable based on their interests and contributions; dividing these up between different accounts might help preserve the person's anonymity. Users with a recognized expertise in one field, for example, might not wish to associate their contributions to that field with contributions to articles about less weighty subjects. A person editing an article which is highly controversial within their family, social or professional circle may wish to use a sock puppet so that readers unfamiliar with WP:NPOV policy will not assume their information edits are statements of personal belief.

Keeping heated issues in one small area

Finally, others might use different accounts in talk pages to avoid conflicts about a particular area of interest turning into conflicts based upon user identity and personal attacks elsewhere. A person participating in a discussion of an article about abortion, for example, might not want to allow other participants an opportunity to extend that discussion or engage them in unrelated or philosophically motivated debate outside the context of that article.

'Role' accounts and bots

Role accounts are only officially sanctioned on en: Misplaced Pages in exceptional cases at this time. The one currently permitted role account on en: is User:Schwartz PR, the account for a public relations firm working closely with the Foundation. If you run an account with multiple users, it is likely to be blocked.

Editors who operate bots (programs that edit automatically or semi-automatically) are encouraged to create separate accounts (and request they be marked as bot accounts via m:requests for bot status), so the automated edits can be filtered out of recent changes. (See Misplaced Pages:Bots for bot procedures and policies)

Tagging legitimate sockpuppet accounts

Contributors who use multiple accounts may tag the "secondary" ones with {{User Sock Puppet|SOCKPUPPETEER}} which produces:

This user is a sock puppet of SOCKPUPPETEER.

The "main" accounts can similarly be marked with {{User Puppet Master}}, which gives:

This user is a sock puppet master with multiple minions to do his/her bidding.

Identification and handling of suspected sock puppets

Characteristics of sock puppets

Not surprisingly, sock puppet accounts usually show much greater familiarity with Misplaced Pages and its editing process than most newcomers. They are more likely to use edit summaries, immediately join in edit wars, or participate vocally in procedures like Articles for deletion or Requests for adminship as part of their first few edits. They are also more likely to be brand new or a single purpose account when looking at their contributions summary.

One type of sock puppet is sometimes referred to as a "straw man sock puppet." They are created by users with one point of view, but act as though they have an opposing point of view, in order to make that point of view look bad, or to act as an online agent provocateur. They will often make poor arguments which their "opponents" can then easily refute. This can allow them to essentially make straw man arguments. Such sock puppets thus become a personification of the straw man argument which their creators argue against. They often act unintelligent or uninformed, and may behave in an overtly bigoted manner. The effect is often to obfuscate the debate and prevent a serious discussion of the arguments from each side. Suspicion of such sock puppets is often harder to verify though, as there are often people who naturally behave in such a manner with the same effects.

When questions arise

In some cases it may not be completely clear whether an account is a sock puppet, as the purpose is usually to avoid detection. Similarities in interests and editing style can be noted, but not everyone may be familiar enough with the user to understand the evidence.

If it appears that sock puppets are being used as part of an edit war or to distort the outcome of a vote or survey, one possible rule of thumb is the so-called 100-edit rule. This suggests that any account which already has more than 100 edits across a range of other articles, or has been active more generally on Misplaced Pages, can often be presumed not to be a sock puppet. If there are unusually many accounts with few edits participating, you may want to check if they are sockpuppets, by looking at IP addresses or times that edits were made. However, simply having made few edits is not evidence of sockpuppetry on its own, and if you call a new user a sockpuppet without justification, they will probably be insulted and get a negative impression of Misplaced Pages.

Keep in mind there can be multiple users who are driven to start participating in Misplaced Pages for the same reason, particularly in controversial areas such as articles about the conflict in the Middle East, cult figures, or Misplaced Pages:Articles for deletion. Some have suggested applying the 100-edit guideline more strongly in such cases, assuming that all accounts with fewer than 100 edits are sock puppets. Generally, such beliefs have been shown not to be well founded.

Where it is unclear whether or not sock puppetry is in progress, server log information can be consulted. To comply with Wikimedia Foundation privacy policy, this is only done in serious cases involving violation of an arbitration remedy, serious ongoing pattern vandalism, vote fraud actually affecting the outcome of a vote, or serious ongoing use of sock puppets to violate the three revert rule. Requests may be made at Request for CheckUser.

If you have been accused incorrectly of being a sock puppet, don't take it too personally. New users are unknown quantities. Stay around a while and make good edits, and your record will speak for itself.

Tagging identified sock puppets

If an account has been shown to be a sock puppet used for policy violations, then it should be identified as such, by adding Template:SockpuppetProven to the user page of the sock puppet account. The syntax is (replacing instances of "SOCKPUPPETEER" with the name of the sock puppeteer and "EVIDENCE" with something such as "Misplaced Pages:Requests for arbitration/SOCKPUPPETEER/Evidence"):

{{SockpuppetProven|1=SOCKPUPPETEER|evidence=EVIDENCE}}

which will render as:

This user is a sock puppet of SOCKPUPPETEER, as established by EVIDENCE, and has been blocked indefinitely. See block log.

Note that this should only be done if the account has been shown beyond reasonable doubt to be a sock puppet of the user by one of the following:

• the user's own admission;
• matching of IP addresses or similar strong technical evidence;
• a ruling on Misplaced Pages:Requests for arbitration.

The above template should not be added in the cases of accusations of sockpuppetry which have not been proven. Instead, add Template:Sockpuppet to the page:

{{Sockpuppet|1=SOCKPUPPETEER|evidence=]}}

It is suspected that this user may be a sock puppet or impersonator of SOCKPUPPETEER. Please refer to EVIDENCE for evidence. See block log

Tagging sock puppets identified via Checkuser

Sockpuppets that have been identified via Checkuser can be tagged with {{SockpuppetCheckuser}}. Instead of linking to evidence, the tag states that the sockpuppet was identified via checkuser. The syntax is: {{SockpuppetCheckuser|SOCKPUPPETEER}}.

The tag renders as:

This user is a confirmed sock puppet of SOCKPUPPETEER, established by CheckUser, and has been blocked indefinitely. See contribs — page moves — all logs — block log

The above template should not be added in the cases of accusations of sockpuppetry which have not been proven with checkuser, and abuse of the tag will result in warning and potentially blocking. The tag may be used by a checkuser after a check, or by another user based on a confirmed checkuser request. If in doubt, use {{SockpuppetProven}}.

Tagging Identified Puppeteers

Tagging known puppeteers with the following tag:

{{sockpuppeteer}}

Results in this template being added:

It is suspected that this user is the puppet master of one or more abusive sock puppets. Please refer to the list below for evidence. See block log and list of puppets The use of abusive sockpuppets on Misplaced Pages is prohibited; use of sockpuppets to evade bans results in the ban timer being reset.

Accounts created by brand new users acting together ('meatpuppets')

A related issue occurs when multiple individuals create brand new accounts specifically to participate in (or influence) one particular vote or area of discussion. This is especially common in deletion discussions or controversial articles. These newly created accounts (or anonymous edits) may be friends of another editor, may be related in some way to the subject of an article under discussion, or may be solicited by someone to support a specific 'angle' in an article debate.

When used to add force to the arguments of one side in a debate or article, such users and accounts are often described as "meatpuppets", a name perhaps inspired by the band of the same name. Use of this term is generally not advised, since it can be perceived as highly uncivil, and is certainly likely to discourage new users from participating further.

These accounts are not actually sockpuppets, but they are often difficult to distinguish from real sockpuppets and are often treated similarly. Neither a sockpuppet nor a brand-new, single-purpose account holder is considered a member of the Misplaced Pages community in these circumstances. The reason behind this is that, for instance, an article about an online community should not be kept merely because all members of that community show up to vote for it. The Arbitration Committee has ruled that, for the purpose of dispute resolution, when there is uncertainty whether a party is one user with sockpuppets or several users with similar editing habits they may be treated as one individual.

(Wikipedians also tend to call such user accounts 'single purpose accounts', because whereas committed Wikipedians are usually active on a range of articles, and their aim is to see a balanced growth in articles and in the encyclopedia as a whole even if contributing only in their specialist topic area, 'single purpose account' users very often come to Misplaced Pages with one set agenda or interest and a specific aspect or 'side' to promote by their edits and views within that interest)

Advertising and soliciting meatpuppets

It is considered highly inappropriate or unacceptable to externally advertise Misplaced Pages articles that are being debated, or where one wishes to stir up debate, in order to attract users with likely known views and bias, in order to strengthen one side of a debate and influence consensus or discussion. It's also inappropriate to invite "all one's friends" to help argue an article. Advertising or soliciting meatpuppet activity is not an acceptable practice on Misplaced Pages.

The arrival of multiple newcomers, with limited Misplaced Pages background and predetermined viewpoints arriving in order to present those viewpoints, rarely helps achieve neutrality and most times actively damages it, no matter what one might think. Misplaced Pages is not a place for mixing fact and opinion, personal advocacy, or argument from emotion. Controversial articles often need more familiarity with policy to be well edited, not less.

If you feel that a debate is ignoring your voice, then the appropriate action is not to solicit others outside Misplaced Pages. Instead, avoid personal attacks, seek comments and involvement from other Wikipedians, or pursue dispute resolution. These are quite well tested processes, and are designed to avoid the problem of exchanging bias in one direction for bias in another.

See also

• Internet sock puppet

Um retrato de voce

• Sex crimes
• Penal imprisonment
• Anal eroticism
• Sexology
• Sexual acts
• Human sexuality
• Oral eroticism