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On 14 October 1941 Vulnetari forces crossed Ceranje river and burned Serb villages up to Lešak.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bošković|first=Branko N.|title=Narodnooskobodilačka borba u Ibarskom basenu|year=1968|publisher=Zajednica naučnih ustanova Kosova i Metohije|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=P8w_UMmjEdSKhQeFnIGgAg&hl=de&id=D5fRAAAAMAAJ&dq=%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5&q=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE&redir_esc=y#search_anchor|author=Branko N. Bošković|accessdate=30 August 2012|page=101|language=Serbian|quote=После споразума од 30. септембра 1941 вулнетарске снаге су прешле Церањску реку и попалиле српска села све до Лешка.}}</ref> On 15 September Chetniks from ] attacked Volnutari forces and inflicted heavy casualties to them, forcing them to retreat across Ceranje river. ] entered Ceranje and burned Albanian houses. In the evening of 15 September strong Vulnetari forces came from Šalja and forced Chetniks to retreat during the night. On 16 September Chetniks again attacked Vulnetari and forced them to retreat across the Ceranje river. After the fights on 14 and 15 September all Serbian houses between Slatina and Lešak were burned.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bošković|first=Branko N.|title=Narodnooskobodilačka borba u Ibarskom basenu|year=1968|publisher=Zajednica naučnih ustanova Kosova i Metohije|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=D5fRAAAAMAAJ&q=%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5&dq=%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5&source=bl&ots=MyfKKRQhnZ&sig=M1LFnoWAswezKuIl2HCEZhsLGR8&hl=de&sa=X&ei=P8w_UMmjEdSKhQeFnIGgAg&redir_esc=y |author=Branko N. Bošković|accessdate=30 August 2012|page=101|language=Serbian|quote=Четници суходолског одреда извршили су наредног дана контранапад наносећи вулнетарима приличне губитке, протерују их преко Церањске реке и у Церањи пале Арбанашке куће. Предвече 15. октобра 1941 из Шаље преко Копаоника пристижу јаче вулнетарске снаге због чега су се четници у току ноћи морали повући. У току 16 септембра 1941 четници су поново извршили контранапад и успели да протерају вулнетаре преко Церањске реке. У борбама 14-15 октобра 1941 спрске породице су на простору Слатина-Лешак остале без крова над главом и без средстава за живот а вулнетарске снаге су при повлачењу имале прилично жртава.}}</ref> On 14 October 1941 Vulnetari forces crossed Ceranje river and burned Serb villages up to Lešak.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bošković|first=Branko N.|title=Narodnooskobodilačka borba u Ibarskom basenu|year=1968|publisher=Zajednica naučnih ustanova Kosova i Metohije|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=P8w_UMmjEdSKhQeFnIGgAg&hl=de&id=D5fRAAAAMAAJ&dq=%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5&q=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE&redir_esc=y#search_anchor|author=Branko N. Bošković|accessdate=30 August 2012|page=101|language=Serbian|quote=После споразума од 30. септембра 1941 вулнетарске снаге су прешле Церањску реку и попалиле српска села све до Лешка.}}</ref> On 15 September Chetniks from ] attacked Volnutari forces and inflicted heavy casualties to them, forcing them to retreat across Ceranje river. ] entered Ceranje and burned Albanian houses. In the evening of 15 September strong Vulnetari forces came from Šalja and forced Chetniks to retreat during the night. On 16 September Chetniks again attacked Vulnetari and forced them to retreat across the Ceranje river. After the fights on 14 and 15 September all Serbian houses between Slatina and Lešak were burned.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bošković|first=Branko N.|title=Narodnooskobodilačka borba u Ibarskom basenu|year=1968|publisher=Zajednica naučnih ustanova Kosova i Metohije|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=D5fRAAAAMAAJ&q=%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5&dq=%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5&source=bl&ots=MyfKKRQhnZ&sig=M1LFnoWAswezKuIl2HCEZhsLGR8&hl=de&sa=X&ei=P8w_UMmjEdSKhQeFnIGgAg&redir_esc=y |author=Branko N. Bošković|accessdate=30 August 2012|page=101|language=Serbian|quote=Четници суходолског одреда извршили су наредног дана контранапад наносећи вулнетарима приличне губитке, протерују их преко Церањске реке и у Церањи пале Арбанашке куће. Предвече 15. октобра 1941 из Шаље преко Копаоника пристижу јаче вулнетарске снаге због чега су се четници у току ноћи морали повући. У току 16 септембра 1941 четници су поново извршили контранапад и успели да протерају вулнетаре преко Церањске реке. У борбама 14-15 октобра 1941 спрске породице су на простору Слатина-Лешак остале без крова над главом и без средстава за живот а вулнетарске снаге су при повлачењу имале прилично жртава.}}</ref>


During one of their attack on the village Grbole Vulnetari tortured and killed brothers Novica and Dušan Đajić by cutting them alive in the presence of the members of their family.<ref>{{cite book|last=Božović|first=Branislav|title=Surova vremena na Kosovu i Metohiji: kvislinzi i kolaboracija u drugom svetskom ratu|year=1991|publisher=Institut za savremenu istoriju|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=1eU_UJ_BJ6T74QStloD4BQ&hl=de&id=-gdnAAAAMAAJ&dq=%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8+%D1%92%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8%D1%9B&q=%D1%92%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8%D1%9B&redir_esc=y#search_anchor|author=Branislav Božović|coauthors=Milorad Vavić|accessdate=30 August 2012|page=231}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jevtić|first=Atanasije|title=Od Kosova do Jadovna|url=http://www.svetosavlje.org/biblioteka/Zitija/OdKosovaDoJadovna/OdKosovaDoJadovna25.htm|publisher=Svetosavlje.org|accessdate=30 August 2012|author=Atanasije Jevtić|language=Serbian|quote=Један од њих Душан Ђајић, земљорадник, убијен је тако да му је једна нога свезана за високу пречагу лестава док су му другу ногу вукли на ниже, све док је нису ишчупали из бедара. Његова жена Мара гледала је мучење.}}</ref><ref name=Avramov-1995-186/>{{unreliable source|date=August 2012}} Homesteads of Slav population were routinely sacked by Vulnetari.<ref name=Vickers-Vulnetari134/>
The Vulnetari cut alive Đajić brothers from the village of Grbole in the presence of their family.<ref name=Avramov-1995-186/>{{unreliable source|date=August 2012}} Homesteads of Slav population were routinely sacked by Vulnetari.<ref name=Vickers-Vulnetari134/>


== Victims == == Victims ==

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Vulnetari
AllegianceAlbanian Kingdom (1939–1943)
Typemilitia
Roleauxilliary force to the Italian military and civil network
Size5,000 — 6,000
Military unit

Vulnetari (Template:Lang-en) was volunteer militia of Albanians from Kosovo set up in 1941 by Italian forces after the successful Invasion of Yugoslavia that served as an auxilliary force for civilian control Independently, its units often attacked ethnic Serbs and carried out raids against civilian targets.

Name

The name of the milita was Template:Lang-sq, rendered in Serbian Cyrillic: вулнетари, meaning "Volunteers" in Albanian.

Ideology

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (August 2012)

History

In June 1941, massacres of the Serbian population in Kosovo and Metohija took on a organized character as the Vulnetari were established.

In mid-July 1941, connection was lost between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CK KPJ) and the neighbouring party organizations in Montenegro and Serbia; the regional committee of KPJ for Kosovo and Metohija tried to establish connection on several occasions and began to move new fighters from their region into Montenegro and Serbia. In two attempts to reach Montenegro and establish a connection with their Communist organization, more than 20 communists from Metohija were killed by the Vulnetari.

Thousands of Vulnetari together with gendarmerie commanded by Bislim Bajgora and Šaban Poluža attacked Ibarski Kolašin on 30 September 1941. This region was attacked by Vulnetari from Drenica and Methohija Podgor and most brutal attacks on the villages of Ibarski Kolašin lasted until 10 October 1941.

On 14 October 1941 Vulnetari forces crossed Ceranje river and burned Serb villages up to Lešak. On 15 September Chetniks from Suva Planina attacked Volnutari forces and inflicted heavy casualties to them, forcing them to retreat across Ceranje river. Chetniks entered Ceranje and burned Albanian houses. In the evening of 15 September strong Vulnetari forces came from Šalja and forced Chetniks to retreat during the night. On 16 September Chetniks again attacked Vulnetari and forced them to retreat across the Ceranje river. After the fights on 14 and 15 September all Serbian houses between Slatina and Lešak were burned.

During one of their attack on the village Grbole Vulnetari tortured and killed brothers Novica and Dušan Đajić by cutting them alive in the presence of the members of their family. Homesteads of Slav population were routinely sacked by Vulnetari.

Victims

According Serbian author Dušan Bataković the Vulnetari together with other paramilitary formations murdered 10,000 Serbs.

References

  1. ^ T. Bataković, Dušan (2007). Kosovo and Metohija: living in the enclave. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. p. 55. Retrieved 21 August 2012. In this new satellite Fascist-type state, the Italian Government set up an Albanian voluntary militia numbering 5,000 men — Vulnetari — to help the Italian forces maintain order as well as to independently conduct surprise attacks on the Serb population. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  2. Radovi, Томови 8-9. Sveučilište u Zagrebu. Institut za hrvatsku povijest. 1976. p. 207. Retrieved 21 August 2012. Sa ovim snagama sarađivale su kvislinške jedinice »Vulnetara« (oko 6000 ljudi).
  3. Dérens, Jean-Arnault (2006). Kosovo, année zéro. Paris-Méditerranée. p. 66. ISBN 9782842722487. Retrieved 21 August 2012. Une administration albano-italienne fasciste s'installa au Kosovo, tandis que la milice albanaise des Vulnetari, servait d'auxiliaire aux forces italiennes pour maintenir l'ordre. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  4. ^ Vickers, Miranda (1998). Between Serb and Albanian: a history of Kosovo. Hurst & Co. p. 134. Retrieved 21 August 2012. the activities of numerous Albanian nationalist movements, and life consequently became increasingly difficult for Kosovo's Slav population whose homesteads were routinely sacked by the ' Vulnetara'. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  5. ^ Avramov, Smilja (1995). Genocide in Yugoslavia. BIGZ. p. 186. Retrieved 21 August 2012. In the month of June the massacres took on a more organized character when Shqiptar volunteer companies (the so-called Vulnetari) were formed and armed. A company headed by Ram Alia and another group under Tsola Bajraktar The Dajic brothers from the village of Grbole were first cut up alive in the presence of their family by the Vulnetari {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  6. ^ Milković 1991, p. 21

    Пошто je од средине јула 1941. остао без веза са ЦК КПЈ и суседним партијским организацијама у Црној Гори и Србији, Обласни комитет КПЈ за Косово и Метохију je у неколико махова покушавао да успостави везе и да почне организовано да пребацује нове борце из области у тамошње партизанске јединице. У два покушаја да се пробију до Дрне Горе и успоставе везу са тамошњом организацијом КПЈ погинуло je више од двадесет комуниста из Метохије. Њих су побили „вулнетари" (добровољци) Албанци „чувајући" границу „Велике Албаније" од „Црногораца-партизана и комуниста".

  7. Antonijević, Nenad. Stradanje srpskog i crnogorskog civilnog stanovništva na Kosovu i Metohiji 1941. godine. p. 362. Više hiljada vulnetara i žandarma pod komandom Bislima Bajgore i Šabana Poluže napali su Ibarski Kolašin 30. septembra....Vulnetari su u Ibarskom Kolašinu 1941. ubili 150 ljudi. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  8. Antonijević, Nenad (5). "Albanski zločini nad Srbima na Kosovu i Metohiji u Drugom svetskom ratu Nacistički genocid nad Srbima" (in Serbian). Pravoslavlje.rs. Retrieved 30 August 2012. Ibarski Kolašin, kompaktna srpska teritorija u dolini Ibra, od Ribarića do Kosovske Mitrovice, bio je stalno na udaru albanskog terora. Ovu teritoriju napadali su vulnetari iz Drenice i Metohijskog Podgora. Jedan od masovnih napada dogodio se 30. septembra 1941. Najžešći udari na sela Ibarskog Kolašina trajali su do 10. oktobra 1941. Tada je spaljeno više od 20 srpskih sela. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. Bošković, Branko N. (1968). Narodnooskobodilačka borba u Ibarskom basenu (in Serbian). Zajednica naučnih ustanova Kosova i Metohije. p. 101. Retrieved 30 August 2012. После споразума од 30. септембра 1941 вулнетарске снаге су прешле Церањску реку и попалиле српска села све до Лешка. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  10. Bošković, Branko N. (1968). Narodnooskobodilačka borba u Ibarskom basenu (in Serbian). Zajednica naučnih ustanova Kosova i Metohije. p. 101. Retrieved 30 August 2012. Четници суходолског одреда извршили су наредног дана контранапад наносећи вулнетарима приличне губитке, протерују их преко Церањске реке и у Церањи пале Арбанашке куће. Предвече 15. октобра 1941 из Шаље преко Копаоника пристижу јаче вулнетарске снаге због чега су се четници у току ноћи морали повући. У току 16 септембра 1941 четници су поново извршили контранапад и успели да протерају вулнетаре преко Церањске реке. У борбама 14-15 октобра 1941 спрске породице су на простору Слатина-Лешак остале без крова над главом и без средстава за живот а вулнетарске снаге су при повлачењу имале прилично жртава. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  11. Božović, Branislav (1991). Surova vremena na Kosovu i Metohiji: kvislinzi i kolaboracija u drugom svetskom ratu. Institut za savremenu istoriju. p. 231. Retrieved 30 August 2012. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  12. Jevtić, Atanasije. "Od Kosova do Jadovna" (in Serbian). Svetosavlje.org. Retrieved 30 August 2012. Један од њих Душан Ђајић, земљорадник, убијен је тако да му је једна нога свезана за високу пречагу лестава док су му другу ногу вукли на ниже, све док је нису ишчупали из бедара. Његова жена Мара гледала је мучење. {{cite web}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)
  13. Bataković, Dušan T. (1998). Kosovo: la spirale de la haine : les faits, les acteurs, l'histoire (in French). L'AGE D'HOMME. p. 43. Retrieved 21 August 2012. On estime que la milice volontaire albanaise Vulnetari (env. 5 000 hommes), assistee per diverses formations paramilitaires, assassina en quatre ans quelque 10 000 Serbs. {{cite book}}: More than one of |author= and |last= specified (help)

Sources

  • Milković, Milutin (1991), "Први косовско-метохијски партизански одред", PRVA KOSOVSKO-METOHIJSKA PROLETERSKA BRIGADA, Belgrade, pp. 15–62 {{citation}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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