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Revision as of 11:05, 2 September 2012 editMann Mann (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Page movers, File movers, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers30,263 edits Revisin 04:15, 8 May 2012‎ restored. It's better and more accurate← Previous edit Revision as of 07:50, 3 September 2012 edit undo62.143.40.193 (talk) It was quite ok. It is both, Mongolian and Turkic in nature.Next edit →
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{{For|the alleged organization within Turkey|Ergenekon (organization)}} {{For|the alleged organization within Turkey|Ergenekon (organization)}}
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'''Ergenekon''' is the name of the legendary valley, which according to ] was a place of refuge in which the Turks were trapped for four centuries until a blacksmith melted some rocks and opened a gate so that a gray wolf called ''Börteçine'' could lead them out.<ref>Oriental Institute of Cultural and Social Research, Vol. 1-2, 2001, p.66</ref><ref>İbrahim Aksu: The story of Turkish surnames: an onomastic study of Turkish family names, their origins, and related matters, Volume 1, 2006 , p.87</ref><ref>H. B. Paksoy, Essays on Central Asia, 1999, p.49</ref><ref>Andrew Finkle, Turkish State, Turkish Society, Routledge, 1990, p.80</ref> Since then a New Year's ceremony is celebrated commemorating the legendary ancestral escape from Ergenekon.<ref>Michael Gervers, Wayne Schlepp: Religion, customary law, and nomadic technology, Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies, 2000, p.60</ref> Ergenekon fits what is written in Chinese sources about the origins of the ] (]:])<ref>Murat Ocak, The Turks: Early ages, 2002, pp.76</ref><ref>Dursun Yıldırım, "Ergenekon Destanı", Türkler, Vol. 3, Yeni Türkiye, Ankara, 2002, ISBN 975-6782-36-6, pp. 527–43.</ref>


'''Ergenekon''' is the name of the place where Nekuz and Qiyan and their wives escaped to, and who were the original ] in '']'' written by ] at the beginning of the 14th century.<ref>Jiexian Chen, Guoli Taiwan daxue, ''Proceedings of the Fifth East Asian Altaistic Conference'', December 26, 1979 – January 2, 1980, Taipei, China, National Taiwan University, 1980. ''According to Reshideddin's record original Mongols, historically, were divided in two parts. They are: 1. Those branches descended from the Original Mongol Tribes, which had been in ارکننه قون Ergenekon… Those tribes are: The origin of Mongols were descendants from these two persons, Nekuz and Qiyan and their wifes who escaped to Ergenkon.'' {{En icon}}</ref><ref name= "Türk Mitolojisi">Bahaeddin Ögel, ''Türk Mitolojisi'' Vol. I, Milli Eğitim basımevi, İstanbul, 1971., ''Türk Mitolojisi I: 'Kaynakları ve Açıklamaları İle Destanlar'', Tütk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1989, pp. 14–5. {{Tr icon}}</ref><ref name="Ergenekon Destanı">Dursun Yıldırım, "Ergenekon Destanı", ''Türkler'', Vol. 3, Yeni Türkiye, Ankara, 2002, ISBN 975-6782-36-6, pp. 527–43. {{Tr icon}}</ref> In the 17th century, ], who was a descendant of ] and the ] of the ] from 1643–63, mentioned Ergenekon as the Mongolian ] in his work named ''Shajara-i turk'' (''Genealogy of the Turk'').<ref name="Türk Mitolojisi"/><ref name="Ergenekon Destanı"/> At the beginning of the 14th century Ergenekon was known as the place where ''Nekuz'' and ''Qiyan'' and their wives escaped to, and who were the original ] in '']'' written by ].<ref>Jiexian Chen, Guoli Taiwan daxue, ''Proceedings of the Fifth East Asian Altaistic Conference'', December 26, 1979 – January 2, 1980, Taipei, China, National Taiwan University, 1980. ''According to Reshideddin's record original Mongols, historically, were divided in two parts. They are: 1. Those branches descended from the Original Mongol Tribes, which had been in ارکننه قون Ergenekon… Those tribes are: The origin of Mongols were descendants from these two persons, Nekuz and Qiyan and their wifes who escaped to Ergenkon.'' {{En icon}}</ref><ref name= "Türk Mitolojisi">Bahaeddin Ögel, ''Türk Mitolojisi'' Vol. I, Milli Eğitim basımevi, İstanbul, 1971., ''Türk Mitolojisi I: 'Kaynakları ve Açıklamaları İle Destanlar'', Tütk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1989, pp. 14–5. {{Tr icon}}</ref><ref name="Ergenekon Destanı">Dursun Yıldırım, "Ergenekon Destanı", ''Türkler'', Vol. 3, Yeni Türkiye, Ankara, 2002, ISBN 975-6782-36-6, pp. 527–43. {{Tr icon}}</ref> In the 17th century, ], who was a descendant of ] and the ] of the ] from 1643–63, mentioned Ergenekon as the Mongolian ] in his work named ''Shajara-i turk'' (''Genealogy of the Turk'').<ref name="Türk Mitolojisi"/><ref name="Ergenekon Destanı"/>


Some ] researchers claim its ] origins with similarities between the creation myths of ] (]) and the Ergenkon epic.<ref name="Ergenekon Destanı"/> The first individual to compare Abulghazi Bahadur's Ergenekon epic with the creation myth of the Göktürks was ],<ref>Bahaaddin Ögel, "Doğu Göktürkleri Hakkında Vesikalar ve Notlar", ''Belleten'', XXI/81, ], 1957, p. 105. {{Tr icon}}</ref> however, the respective creation myths of the Göktürks and Mongols are completely different from one another.<ref>''Ibid'', p. 109.</ref> The first individual to compare Abulghazi Bahadur's Ergenekon epic with the creation myth of the Göktürks was ],<ref>Bahaaddin Ögel, "Doğu Göktürkleri Hakkında Vesikalar ve Notlar", ''Belleten'', XXI/81, ], 1957, p. 105. {{Tr icon}}</ref> however, the respective creation myths of the Göktürks and Mongols are completely different from one another.<ref>''Ibid'', p. 109.</ref>


⚫ ==Translations and poems==
==''Turkification''==
⚫ ===Translations and poems===
In the late ] era, Ergenkon epic was used in ], especially by the ] movement for describing a mythical place located in the inaccessible valleys of the ]. In the late ] era, Ergenkon epic was used in ], especially by the ] movement for describing a mythical place located in the inaccessible valleys of the ].


In 1864 ] translated ''Shajara-i turk'' into the ] under the title ''Şecere-i Evşâl-i Türkiyye''<ref>Abu'l-Gâzî, ''Şecere-i Evşâl-i Türkiyye'', , Dersaadet, 1864.</ref> and it was published in '']'' newspaper.<ref name="İsa">İsa Özkan, "Ergenekon Destanı Hakkında", ''Türk Yurdu'', Cilt: 29, Sayı: 265, Eylül 2009, pp. 43–7. {{Tr icon}}</ref> ] wrote the poem concerned with Ergenekon epic in the context of ] history (] of Ergenekon poem of Ziya Gökalp)<!--(], the version of ])--->. It was published under the title of "Türk An'anesi: Ergenekon" in ''Türk Duygusu'' magazine (May 8, 1913 - June, 5 1913) dated May 8, 1913,<ref>Mehmed Ziya, "Ergenekon", ''Türk Duygusu'', no. 1, pp. 7-10.</ref> ''Altın Armağan'' <ref>"Ergenekon", ''Altın Armağan'', no. 1 (''Türk Yurdu'', no. 24's supplement, Istanbul, 1328), p. 20.</ref> in September 1913<ref>], , '']'', August 6, 2009, Retrieved July 24, 2010. {{Tr icon}}</ref> and under the title of "Ergenekon" in '']'' in 1914.<ref>], ''Ziya Gökalp Külliyatı I: Şiirler ve Halk Masalları'', haz. Fevziye Abdullah Tansel, ], Ankara, 1989, s. xlii, 78-83. {{Tr icon}}</ref> ] also wrote a poem concerning the Ergenekon epic. It was published in ''Halka Doğru'' magazine dated April 9, 1914.<ref name="İsa"/><ref> {{Tr icon}}</ref> ] translated ''Shajara-i turk'' into modern ] in 1925<ref>Abu'l Gâzî, ''Şecere-i Türk'', , İstanbul, 1925.</ref> and mentioned Ergenekon in ''Oğuznâme'' published in ] in 1928.<ref> {{Tr icon}}</ref> In 1864 ] translated ''Shajara-i turk'' into the ] under the title ''Şecere-i Evşâl-i Türkiyye''<ref>Abu'l-Gâzî, ''Şecere-i Evşâl-i Türkiyye'', , Dersaadet, 1864.</ref> and it was published in '']'' newspaper.<ref name="İsa">İsa Özkan, "Ergenekon Destanı Hakkında", ''Türk Yurdu'', Cilt: 29, Sayı: 265, Eylül 2009, pp. 43–7. {{Tr icon}}</ref> ] wrote the poem concerned with Ergenekon epic in the context of ] history (] of Ergenekon poem of Ziya Gökalp)<!--(], the version of ])--->. It was published under the title of "Türk An'anesi: Ergenekon" in ''Türk Duygusu'' magazine (May 8, 1913 - June, 5 1913) dated May 8, 1913,<ref>Mehmed Ziya, "Ergenekon", ''Türk Duygusu'', no. 1, pp. 7-10.</ref> ''Altın Armağan'' <ref>"Ergenekon", ''Altın Armağan'', no. 1 (''Türk Yurdu'', no. 24's supplement, Istanbul, 1328), p. 20.</ref> in September 1913<ref>], , '']'', August 6, 2009, Retrieved July 24, 2010. {{Tr icon}}</ref> and under the title of "Ergenekon" in '']'' in 1914.<ref>], ''Ziya Gökalp Külliyatı I: Şiirler ve Halk Masalları'', haz. Fevziye Abdullah Tansel, ], Ankara, 1989, s. xlii, 78-83. {{Tr icon}}</ref> ] also wrote a poem concerning the Ergenekon epic. It was published in ''Halka Doğru'' magazine dated April 9, 1914.<ref name="İsa"/><ref> {{Tr icon}}</ref> ] translated ''Shajara-i turk'' into modern ] in 1925<ref>Abu'l Gâzî, ''Şecere-i Türk'', , İstanbul, 1925.</ref> and mentioned Ergenekon in ''Oğuznâme'' published in ] in 1928.<ref> {{Tr icon}}</ref>


===Turkish History Thesis and ''Ergenekon Legend''=== ==Turkish History Thesis and ''Ergenekon Legend''==


In ] era of Turkey, especially in 1930s, when ] held its sway in Turkey, Bozkurt, ] and Ergenekon were selected deliberately<ref>Murat Arman, "The Sources of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism", ''CEU Political Science Journal'', issue: 2 (2007), p. 136.</ref> and under the influence of the theory of Turkish ] named ], Ergenekon was described as the creation myth of ]s in the textbooks of history.<ref>''Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları'', Kaynak Yayınları, 1999, ISBN 975-343-118-X; p. 380. (first edition: 1930) {{Tr icon}}</ref><ref>''Tarih II: Kemalist Eğitimin Tarih Dersleri (1931 - 1941)'', Kaynak Yayınları, 2001, ISBN 975-343-319-0, p. 44. (first edition: 1931) {{Tr icon}}</ref> In ] era of Turkey, especially in 1930s, when ] held its sway in Turkey, Bozkurt, ] and Ergenekon were selected deliberately<ref>Murat Arman, "The Sources of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism", ''CEU Political Science Journal'', issue: 2 (2007), p. 136.</ref> and under the influence of the theory of Turkish ] named ], Ergenekon was described as the creation myth of ]s in the textbooks of history.<ref>''Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları'', Kaynak Yayınları, 1999, ISBN 975-343-118-X; p. 380. (first edition: 1930) {{Tr icon}}</ref><ref>''Tarih II: Kemalist Eğitimin Tarih Dersleri (1931 - 1941)'', Kaynak Yayınları, 2001, ISBN 975-343-319-0, p. 44. (first edition: 1931) {{Tr icon}}</ref>
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According to Ergun Candan, there are some similarities between the mythologies of other cultures in their symbolism. The she-wolf ] showed the Turks the way through the ] of valleys and mountain passes. According to Ergun Candan, the she-wolf may be seen as a symbol of the "dog star" ].<ref>Candan, Ergun. (2002). ''Türklerin Kültür Kökenleri'', Sınır Ötesi Yayınları, Istanbul, pp. ?113-4, ISBN 975-8312-11-1</ref><!--this part can be used for Bozkurt Legend--> According to Ergun Candan, there are some similarities between the mythologies of other cultures in their symbolism. The she-wolf ] showed the Turks the way through the ] of valleys and mountain passes. According to Ergun Candan, the she-wolf may be seen as a symbol of the "dog star" ].<ref>Candan, Ergun. (2002). ''Türklerin Kültür Kökenleri'', Sınır Ötesi Yayınları, Istanbul, pp. ?113-4, ISBN 975-8312-11-1</ref><!--this part can be used for Bozkurt Legend-->

==See also==
*]
*]
*]


==References== ==References==
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==External Sources== ==External Sources==
*]'' at WikiSource (Turkish) (the version of the ] of ]) *]'' at WikiSource (Turkish) (the version of the ] of ])
*]


] ]

Revision as of 07:50, 3 September 2012

For the alleged organization within Turkey, see Ergenekon (organization).
The cover of the first issue of Ergenekon magazine (November 10, 1938) showing the leading wolf Börteçine.

Ergenekon is the name of the legendary valley, which according to Turkic mythology was a place of refuge in which the Turks were trapped for four centuries until a blacksmith melted some rocks and opened a gate so that a gray wolf called Börteçine could lead them out. Since then a New Year's ceremony is celebrated commemorating the legendary ancestral escape from Ergenekon. Ergenekon fits what is written in Chinese sources about the origins of the Göktürks (Epic of Asena: Chinese texts and Turkish translations)

At the beginning of the 14th century Ergenekon was known as the place where Nekuz and Qiyan and their wives escaped to, and who were the original Mongols in Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh written by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani. In the 17th century, Abulghazi Bahadur, who was a descendant of Shiban and the khan of the Khanate of Khiva from 1643–63, mentioned Ergenekon as the Mongolian creation myth in his work named Shajara-i turk (Genealogy of the Turk).

The first individual to compare Abulghazi Bahadur's Ergenekon epic with the creation myth of the Göktürks was Joseph de Guignes, however, the respective creation myths of the Göktürks and Mongols are completely different from one another.

Translations and poems

In the late Ottoman era, Ergenkon epic was used in Turkish literature, especially by the Turkish nationalist movement for describing a mythical place located in the inaccessible valleys of the Altay Mountains.

In 1864 Ahmed Vefik Pasha translated Shajara-i turk into the Ottoman language under the title Şecere-i Evşâl-i Türkiyye and it was published in Tasvir-i Efkâr newspaper. Ziya Gökalp wrote the poem concerned with Ergenekon epic in the context of Turkic history (Turkish text of Ergenekon poem of Ziya Gökalp). It was published under the title of "Türk An'anesi: Ergenekon" in Türk Duygusu magazine (May 8, 1913 - June, 5 1913) dated May 8, 1913, Altın Armağan in September 1913 and under the title of "Ergenekon" in Kızılelma in 1914. Ömer Seyfettin also wrote a poem concerning the Ergenekon epic. It was published in Halka Doğru magazine dated April 9, 1914. Rıza Nur translated Shajara-i turk into modern Turkish in 1925 and mentioned Ergenekon in Oğuznâme published in Alexandria in 1928.

Turkish History Thesis and Ergenekon Legend

In early republican era of Turkey, especially in 1930s, when ethnic nationalism held its sway in Turkey, Bozkurt, Asena and Ergenekon were selected deliberately and under the influence of the theory of Turkish ethnocentrism named Turkish History Thesis, Ergenekon was described as the creation myth of Göktürks in the textbooks of history.

In 1933, Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, a Turkish intellectual and one of the founders and a key theorist of Kadro movement, used Ergenekon epic to consubstantiate with the Turkish revolution.

Moreover, in the new Turkish version of Egenekon Legend (Turkish: Ergenekon Destanı), the motif of Gray Wolf (Turkish: Bozkurt) was added (Turkish text, the version of Ministry of National Education of Turkey).

Criticisms about falsity

According to Prof. Dr. Ahmed Yüksel Özemre, a Turkish scientist and former chairman of Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Râşid Erer (d. 1952), once-Ottoman minister of Education, criticized this falsity and argues that Ergenekon Legend might be written by a Jew. He was also angered by the notions that Huns and Mongols are Turkic peoples, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary.

According to Prof. Dr. Mümtaz’er Türköne, a Turkish political scientist and a columnist, Ergenekon is not a myth that is genuinely long-standing and rooted in the collective memory, but an elaborate hoax. He argues that the Ergenekon was created as a Turkish national myth by Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu, a prominent man of letters and friend to Atatürk during the Turkish War of Independence. and that no trace of the story of the Ergenekon Legend has been found in the Ottoman and Seljuk periods. He insisted that the Ministry of National Education should immediately mop up the falsity in these textbooks.

According to Ergun Candan, there are some similarities between the mythologies of other cultures in their symbolism. The she-wolf Asena showed the Turks the way through the labyrinth of valleys and mountain passes. According to Ergun Candan, the she-wolf may be seen as a symbol of the "dog star" Sirius.

See also

References

  1. Oriental Institute of Cultural and Social Research, Vol. 1-2, 2001, p.66
  2. İbrahim Aksu: The story of Turkish surnames: an onomastic study of Turkish family names, their origins, and related matters, Volume 1, 2006 , p.87
  3. H. B. Paksoy, Essays on Central Asia, 1999, p.49
  4. Andrew Finkle, Turkish State, Turkish Society, Routledge, 1990, p.80
  5. Michael Gervers, Wayne Schlepp: Religion, customary law, and nomadic technology, Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies, 2000, p.60
  6. Murat Ocak, The Turks: Early ages, 2002, pp.76
  7. Dursun Yıldırım, "Ergenekon Destanı", Türkler, Vol. 3, Yeni Türkiye, Ankara, 2002, ISBN 975-6782-36-6, pp. 527–43.
  8. Jiexian Chen, Guoli Taiwan daxue, Proceedings of the Fifth East Asian Altaistic Conference, December 26, 1979 – January 2, 1980, Taipei, China, National Taiwan University, 1980. According to Reshideddin's record original Mongols, historically, were divided in two parts. They are: 1. Those branches descended from the Original Mongol Tribes, which had been in ارکننه قون Ergenekon… Those tribes are: The origin of Mongols were descendants from these two persons, Nekuz and Qiyan and their wifes who escaped to Ergenkon. Template:En icon
  9. ^ Bahaeddin Ögel, Türk Mitolojisi Vol. I, Milli Eğitim basımevi, İstanbul, 1971., Türk Mitolojisi I: 'Kaynakları ve Açıklamaları İle Destanlar, Tütk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1989, pp. 14–5. Template:Tr icon
  10. ^ Dursun Yıldırım, "Ergenekon Destanı", Türkler, Vol. 3, Yeni Türkiye, Ankara, 2002, ISBN 975-6782-36-6, pp. 527–43. Template:Tr icon
  11. Bahaaddin Ögel, "Doğu Göktürkleri Hakkında Vesikalar ve Notlar", Belleten, XXI/81, Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1957, p. 105. Template:Tr icon
  12. Ibid, p. 109.
  13. Abu'l-Gâzî, Şecere-i Evşâl-i Türkiyye, , Dersaadet, 1864.
  14. ^ İsa Özkan, "Ergenekon Destanı Hakkında", Türk Yurdu, Cilt: 29, Sayı: 265, Eylül 2009, pp. 43–7. Template:Tr icon
  15. Mehmed Ziya, "Ergenekon", Türk Duygusu, no. 1, pp. 7-10.
  16. "Ergenekon", Altın Armağan, no. 1 (Türk Yurdu, no. 24's supplement, Istanbul, 1328), p. 20.
  17. Beşir Ayvazoğlu, "Ziya Gökalp'ın Ergenekon'u", Zaman, August 6, 2009, Retrieved July 24, 2010. Template:Tr icon
  18. Ziya Gökalp, Ziya Gökalp Külliyatı I: Şiirler ve Halk Masalları, haz. Fevziye Abdullah Tansel, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1989, s. xlii, 78-83. Template:Tr icon
  19. Ali Duymaz, Ömer Seyfettin'in Kaleme Aldığı Destanlar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme", Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisicilt:12, sayı: 21, Haziran 2009, p. 415. Template:Tr icon
  20. Abu'l Gâzî, Şecere-i Türk, , İstanbul, 1925.
  21. Metin Özarslan, "Oğuz Kağan Destanı'nda Tarihî, Dinî, Beşerî ve Tabiatüstü Unsurlar", Prof. Dr. Dursun Yıldırım Armağanı, Ankara, 1998, p. 426. Template:Tr icon
  22. Murat Arman, "The Sources of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism", CEU Political Science Journal, issue: 2 (2007), p. 136.
  23. Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları, Kaynak Yayınları, 1999, ISBN 975-343-118-X; p. 380. (first edition: 1930) Template:Tr icon
  24. Tarih II: Kemalist Eğitimin Tarih Dersleri (1931 - 1941), Kaynak Yayınları, 2001, ISBN 975-343-319-0, p. 44. (first edition: 1931) Template:Tr icon
  25. İlhan Tekeli, Selim İlkin, Kadrocuları ve Kadro'yu anlamak, Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, 2003, ISBN 978-975-333-170-8, p. 219. Template:Tr icon
  26. Beşir Ayvazoğlu, "Ergenekon yurdun adı", Zaman, January 31, 2008, Retrieved July 24, 2010. Template:Tr icon
  27. Ahmed Yüksel Özemre, Galatasarayı Mekteb-i Sultânî'sinde sekiz yılım, Kubbealtı, 2006, ISBN 978-975-6444-35-1, p. 66. Template:Tr icon
  28. Doç.Dr. Mümtazer TÜRKÖNE, Gazi University
  29. Mümtaz'er Türköne, "Ergenekon Efsanesi kime ait?", Zaman, February 22, 2009, Retrieved July 20, 2010. Template:Tr icon, Turkish text: Ergenekon, bir Türk efsanesi olarak Kurtuluş Savaşı sırasında Yakup Kadri tarafından icat edilmiştir.
  30. Türköne, ibid Template:Tr icon, Turkish text: Osmanlı'da, Selçuklu'da en küçük izine rastlanmayan bir hikâye...
  31. Türköne, ibid Template:Tr icon, Turkish text: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı'nın bu sahtelikleri ders kitaplarından acilen temizlemesi lâzım.
  32. Candan, Ergun. (2002). Türklerin Kültür Kökenleri, Sınır Ötesi Yayınları, Istanbul, pp. ?113-4, ISBN 975-8312-11-1

External Sources

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