Misplaced Pages

Serbian Armed Forces: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 17:40, 11 March 2013 editAntidiskriminator (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers58,480 edits Restored stable version. This army was established in 2006.← Previous edit Revision as of 10:01, 12 March 2013 edit undoBobrayner (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers53,708 edits restoring sourced contentNext edit →
Line 6: Line 6:
|image= ] |image= ]
|founded= 1838 |founded= 1838
|current_form= 2006 |current_form= the ] 1991-92
|branches= ] <br> ] <br> ] |branches= ] <br> ] <br> ]
|headquarters= ], ] |headquarters= ], ]
Line 49: Line 49:
==Budget and defence industry== ==Budget and defence industry==
Serbia's defence spending stands at 2.08% of the ],<ref name="press conference"></ref> this represents a drop in overall relation to the GDP as a percentage. Over 30% of the budget is spent on pensions alone.<ref> - Janes.com</ref> The continuing drive to modernize the military will add onto costs in the future. To promote efficient use of funds, the ''Strategic Defence Review'' has helped eliminate redundant services, withdrawal of outdated equipment, increase manoeuvrability and decrease response time. The number of active personnel has been significantly reduced from pre-2004 levels. As of 2011, over 90% of the armed forces are composed of professional soldiers and volunteers.<ref name="Jane's"></ref> Serbia is the largest exporter and producer of military hardware in the region. Its defence industry exports totalled 500 million U.S. dollars in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/video/62956134-serbia-s-arms-industry-recovers-to-become-major-exporter.html|title=Serbia's Arms Industry Recovers to Become Major Exporter|publisher=]|date=16 September 2009}}</ref> Serbia's defence spending stands at 2.08% of the ],<ref name="press conference"></ref> this represents a drop in overall relation to the GDP as a percentage. Over 30% of the budget is spent on pensions alone.<ref> - Janes.com</ref> The continuing drive to modernize the military will add onto costs in the future. To promote efficient use of funds, the ''Strategic Defence Review'' has helped eliminate redundant services, withdrawal of outdated equipment, increase manoeuvrability and decrease response time. The number of active personnel has been significantly reduced from pre-2004 levels. As of 2011, over 90% of the armed forces are composed of professional soldiers and volunteers.<ref name="Jane's"></ref> Serbia is the largest exporter and producer of military hardware in the region. Its defence industry exports totalled 500 million U.S. dollars in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/video/62956134-serbia-s-arms-industry-recovers-to-become-major-exporter.html|title=Serbia's Arms Industry Recovers to Become Major Exporter|publisher=]|date=16 September 2009}}</ref>

==Serbia & Montenegro (de facto Serb army)==
From 1992-2006 the Serbian army went by the name of ''Vojska Srbije i Crna Gore'', VSCG; Војска Србије и Црне Горе, ВСЦГ) as the country was part of a union with Montenegro. The two "republics" had seperate armies within the state, as was demonstrated in 1999 when Montenegrin president ] signed the Amnesty pact with the west and siatnced himself from Serbian president ]. The Serb forces took part in the ] but were not joined by the Montenegrin forces. This is known by the fact that the arrests and executions of ] and ] were carried out by purely Serb forces.<ref name="Europe2001">{{cite book|title=Kosovo's displaced and imprisoned: hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, February 28, 2000|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9rUz_mKinUkC|accessdate=8 March 2013|year=2001|publisher=U.S. G.P.O.|page=87}}</ref>


Preceding the ''VSCG'' was the '''Yugoslavian Forces''' (]: Војска Југославије, ВЈ, ''Vojska Jugoslavije, VJ'') from the remnants of the ] (JNA), the military of ]. The state, then named "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", participated in the Yugoslav Wars, but with limited direct intervention of its own armed forces. Following the end of the Wars and the constitutional reforms of 2003 by which the state was renamed "Serbia and Montenegro", the military accordingly changed its name to "Military of Serbia and Montenegro". The military was heavily involved in combating the terrorist groups of the ] and ] during the ] and ], and also engaged ] airplanes during the ].

Upon the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro with the ], a fraction of the joint military was given to Montenegro, with the bulk of the force remaining in ]. Montenegro inherited the navy as Serbia is landlocked.

==Ground Forces==
]
===Armoured vehicles===
<ref></ref>
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]

===Artillery===

*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]

===Air Defence===

*]
*] - 100-200
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]

===Infantry Weapons===

*] Pistol 9&nbsp;mm
*] Assault Rifles 7.62&nbsp;mm
*] Long Range Rifle
*]
*] 7.9&nbsp;mm Sniper rifle
*] 7.62&nbsp;mm Machine gun
*] 7.62&nbsp;mm Machine gun
*] 12.7&nbsp;mm Heavy Machine gun <ref> {{Sr icon}}</ref>
*]
*]
*] 90&nbsp;mm
*] 64&nbsp;mm rocket grenade launcher

==Air Force==
{{Main|Air Force of Serbia and Montenegro}}

{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: left;"|Aircraft
! style="text-align: left;" width="150px"|Origin
! style="text-align: left;"|Type
! style="text-align: left;"|Versions
! style="text-align: left;"|In service 1998
! style="text-align: left;"|In service 2003
! style="text-align: left;"|Notes
|-
| ] || {{USSR}} || Fighter <hr> Trainer <hr> Recon || MiG-21 Bis <hr> MiG-21 UM <hr> MiG-21 MF/R || 54 <hr> 8 <hr> 2/4 || 26 <hr> 6 <hr> 1 ||
|-
| ] || {{USSR}} || Fighter <hr> Trainer || MiG-29A <hr> MiG-29UB || 14 <hr> 2|| 4 <hr> 1 ||
|-
| ] || {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} ] || Ground Attack <hr> Trainer <hr> Rece <br> Rece-Trainer || J-22 <hr> NJ-22 <hr> IJ-22 <hr> INJ-22 || 35 <hr> 10 <hr> ~10 <hr> 2 || 16 <hr> 7 <hr> 8 <hr> 2 ||
|-
| ] || {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} ] || Fighter Bomber & Trainer || G-2š || <20 || 1 ||
|-
| ] || {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} ] || Fighter Bomber & Trainer <hr> Unarmed Trainer<hr>Target puller <hr> Prototyp || G-4 <hr> G-4š <br> G-4t <br>G-4M || 48 <hr> 8 <br> 4 <br> 1 || 23 <hr> 8 <br> 2 <br> 1 ||
|-1
|-
| ] || {{POL}} || Cargo Aircraft || An-2TD || 4 || 1 ||
|-
| ] || {{USSR}} || Cargo Aircraft || An-26B || 12 || 2(6) ||
|-
| ] || {{USSR}} || VIP Aircraft || Yak-40 || 4 || 1-2 ||
|-
| ]|| {{USSR}} || Transport Helicopter <hr> Multirole Helicopter|| Mi-8T || 44 || 29 ||
|-
| ] || {{USSR}} || Anti-Submarine Helicopter|| Mi-14PL|| 3|| 0 || All destroyed during the ]
|-
| ] || {{USSR}} || Anti-Submarine Helicopter || Ka-25PL || 4 || 0 || 3 destroyed during the war. Last one withdrawn, now in Belgrade Aviation Museum
|-
| ] || {{USSR}} || Anti-Submarine Helicopter || Ka-28PL || 2 || 0 || Withdrawn, now in Belgrade Aviation Museum
|-
| ] || {{FRA}}/<br>{{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} ] || Utility <hr>Recon <hr> Attack Helicopter <hr> Attack helicopter || HO-42/45<hr>HI-42 Hera <hr> HN-42M Gama <hr> HN-45M Gama 2 || 30 <hr> 3 <hr> 27 <hr> 15|| 29 <hr> 3 <hr> 19 <hr> 11 ||
|}

==Navy==
]
The Federal Yugoslav Navy was based in the ] and was largely made of vessels inherited from the ]. During ]'s ] in 1999, the Navy took control over civilian shipping around ], despite NATO's blockade<ref>, ], May 5 1999</ref> and in several actions the navy's warships fired at NATO aircraft that were on their way to strike targets.<ref> The New York Times, April 17 1999</ref> The Navy claimed to have shot down three ]s over ].<ref></ref> The images of the remains of one of them were displayed online.<ref></ref>

*] (2)
*] (2)
*Heroj class submarine (3)
*Sava class submarine (4)
*Una class submarine (5)
*Končar class guided missile gunboat (6)
*] (10)
*Jadran sailboat
*Neštin class minesweeper (7)
*Kozara river ship

==Intelligence==
* ]

==Operational experience==
**]
***]
***]
**]
**]

==Statistics prior to split==
] Main Battle Tank]]
]
Civilians fit for military service were estimated at about 4,888,595 (2001 est.). The 2002 estimate for military expenditures as percent of ] was 4.6%. Significant reforms were undertaken in the military of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2002 the Serbo-Montenegrin Military force numbered around 100,000 soldiers, supported by some 450,000 reserves. The 100,000 strong Army had 1,500 main battle tanks and 687 armed infantry vehicles. The Navy had 3,500 personnel, of whom 900 were marines. The entire Navy was composed totally out of 6 ]s, 3 ]s, 41 patrol & coastal ships and 14 "other" vessels. The Air force 14,000 personnel had 192 combat aircraft and 72 armed helicopters.

===Military branches===
*Army (Kopnena vojska - KoV VSCG)
*Air Force and Air Defense (Ratno Vazduhoplovstvo i Protivvazdušna odbrana - RV i PVO VSCG)
*Navy (Ratna Mornarica - RM VSCG)

'''Military manpower - military age:''' 19 years of age (2003 est.)

'''Military manpower - availability:'''
<br>''males age 15-49:'' 3,579,620 (2003 est.)

'''Military manpower - fit for military service:'''
<br>''males age 15-49:'' 3,077,660 (2003 est.)

'''Military manpower - reaching military age annually:'''
<br>''males:'' 101,547 (2003 est.)

'''Military expenditures - ] figure:''' $954 million (2002)

'''Military expenditures - percent of ]:''' 4.6% (2002. est.)

==International Deployment==
The VSCG was part of ], the UN mission in the ]. The VSCG was also part of ], the UN mission into ].

Last chief of staff of the Military of Serbia and Montenegro was general ].

==Gallery==
<gallery>
<!-- Deleted image removed: Image:M84a preševo.jpg|M-84 MBT and Yugoslav police special forces during fights in Oraovica village. -->
Image:SA-13.jpg|Yugoslav Army Air Defense SA-13 Strela-10
<!-- Deleted image removed: Image:M80A IFV on Kosovo.jpg|Yugoslav Army soldier and <br>] ] on Kosovo. -->
</gallery>

==See also==
*]

==References==
{{reflist}}





==Peacekeeping== ==Peacekeeping==
Line 90: Line 258:


==External links== ==External links==
*
*
* , which covers the time when Serbia and Montenegro was in the state union
*
{{Commons category|Military of Serbia}} {{Commons category|Military of Serbia}}
* *

Revision as of 10:01, 12 March 2013

Serbian Armed Forces
'Bojcka Србије
Vojska Srbije
Founded1838
Current formthe Breakup of Yugoslavia 1991-92
Service branchesArmy
Air Force and Air Defence
River Flotilla
HeadquartersBelgrade, Serbia
Leadership
Commander-in-ChiefPresident Tomislav Nikolić
Minister of DefenceAleksandar Vučić
Chief of StaffGeneral Ljubiša Diković
Personnel
Military age18
ConscriptionAbolished in 2011
Fit for
military service		2,794,948 , age 15–49
Reaching military
age annually		130,291 (2010)
Active personnel37,000 (Ranked )
Expenditure
BudgetEUR 675 million (2011)
Percent of GDP2.08% (2011)
Industry
Domestic suppliersYugoimport SDPR
Utva Aviation Industry
Fabrika automobila Priboj
Zastava Arms
Prvi Partizan
Related articles
HistoryMilitary history of Serbia
RanksMilitary ranks of Serbia

The Serbian Armed Forces (Template:Lang-sr) are the armed services of Serbia. They consist of the Serbian Army (includes River Flotilla on the Danube) and the Serbian Air Force and Air Defence. The armed forces are entirely professional and volunteer based.

History

Main article: Military history of Serbia

The first documented Serbian military operation dates to the 9th century when Vlastimir defended the Serbian Principality from the invading Bulgarian Khanate. Over the following centuries Serbia would evolve into the Serbian Empire, one of the largest states in Europe at the time.

Moravian Serbia was governed by Stefan Lazarević who introduced modern military tactics and firearms to his army, however the new technology failed to defeat the superior numbers of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans had suppressed the formation of a Serbian state along with its military from 1540 until 1804, the year of the first Serbian uprising.

The 1804 Serbian Revolution, started with a Serbian rebellion against the Ottoman occupation of Serbia. The victories in the battles of Ivankovac, Mišar, Deligrad and Belgrade, led to the establishment of the Principality of Serbia in 1817. The subsequent Second Serbian Revolution led to full recognition of Serbian independence, establishment of the Kingdom of Serbia and weakened the Ottoman dominance in the Balkans. In 1885 Serbia had a war against Bulgaria. In 1912 First Balkan War, (Serbia, Greece, Montenegro and Bulgaria) against the Ottoman Empire. The victories in the Battle of Kumanovo, Battle of Prilep, Battle of Monastir, Battle of Adrianople, Siege of Scutari. 1913 is the second Balkan war broke out because of Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece,Bulgaria has suffered great losses by Serbia in the Battle of Battle of Bregalnica, the war was over by the Bulgarian defeat and signed the Treaty of Bucharest (1913).

Serbia's independence and growing influence threatened neighboring Austria-Hungary which lead to the Bosnian crisis of 1908-1909. Consequently, since 1901, all Serbian males between the ages of 21 to 46 were liable for general mobilization. In 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, marking the start of the First World War. Serbia repelled 3 consecutive invasions by Austria, winning the first major victories of the war for the Allies, but was eventually overwhelmed by the combined forces of the Central Powers.

Organisation

The Serbian General Staff is composed of the highest-ranking officers who form the basic strategic command. The Chief of Staff is Lieutenant General Ljubiša Diković. Tactical and operational command is separated into the branches, consisting of the Army, Air Force and Air Defence, and a Training Command.

Serbia abolished conscription on 1 January 2011.

Budget and defence industry

Serbia's defence spending stands at 2.08% of the GDP, this represents a drop in overall relation to the GDP as a percentage. Over 30% of the budget is spent on pensions alone. The continuing drive to modernize the military will add onto costs in the future. To promote efficient use of funds, the Strategic Defence Review has helped eliminate redundant services, withdrawal of outdated equipment, increase manoeuvrability and decrease response time. The number of active personnel has been significantly reduced from pre-2004 levels. As of 2011, over 90% of the armed forces are composed of professional soldiers and volunteers. Serbia is the largest exporter and producer of military hardware in the region. Its defence industry exports totalled 500 million U.S. dollars in 2009.

Serbia & Montenegro (de facto Serb army)

From 1992-2006 the Serbian army went by the name of Vojska Srbije i Crna Gore, VSCG; Војска Србије и Црне Горе, ВСЦГ) as the country was part of a union with Montenegro. The two "republics" had seperate armies within the state, as was demonstrated in 1999 when Montenegrin president Milo Djukanovic signed the Amnesty pact with the west and siatnced himself from Serbian president Slobodan Milosevic. The Serb forces took part in the Kosovo war but were not joined by the Montenegrin forces. This is known by the fact that the arrests and executions of Ukshit Hoti and Bardhyl Çaushi were carried out by purely Serb forces.


Preceding the VSCG was the Yugoslavian Forces (Serbian: Војска Југославије, ВЈ, Vojska Jugoslavije, VJ) from the remnants of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), the military of SFR Yugoslavia. The state, then named "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", participated in the Yugoslav Wars, but with limited direct intervention of its own armed forces. Following the end of the Wars and the constitutional reforms of 2003 by which the state was renamed "Serbia and Montenegro", the military accordingly changed its name to "Military of Serbia and Montenegro". The military was heavily involved in combating the terrorist groups of the Kosovo Liberation Army and Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac during the Kosovo War and Preševo Valley conflict, and also engaged NATO airplanes during the 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Upon the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro with the Montenegrin independence referendum of 2006, a fraction of the joint military was given to Montenegro, with the bulk of the force remaining in Serbia. Montenegro inherited the navy as Serbia is landlocked.

Ground Forces

Official seal of the Yugoslavian Forces, prior to its renaming

Armoured vehicles

Artillery

Air Defence

Infantry Weapons

Air Force

Main article: Air Force of Serbia and Montenegro
Aircraft Origin Type Versions In service 1998 In service 2003 Notes
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishbed  Soviet Union Fighter
Trainer
Recon		 MiG-21 Bis
MiG-21 UM
MiG-21 MF/R		 54
8
2/4		 26
6
1
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 Fulcrum  Soviet Union Fighter
Trainer		 MiG-29A
MiG-29UB		 14
2		 4
1
SOKO J-22 Orao Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia SFR Yugoslavia Ground Attack
Trainer
Rece
Rece-Trainer		 J-22
NJ-22
IJ-22
INJ-22		 35
10
~10
2		 16
7
8
2
SOKO G-2 Galeb Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia SFR Yugoslavia Fighter Bomber & Trainer G-2š <20 1
SOKO G-4 Super Galeb Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia SFR Yugoslavia Fighter Bomber & Trainer
Unarmed Trainer
Target puller
Prototyp		 G-4
G-4š
G-4t
G-4M		 48
8
4
1		 23
8
2
1
Antonov An-2 Colt  Poland Cargo Aircraft An-2TD 4 1
Antonov An-26 Curl  Soviet Union Cargo Aircraft An-26B 12 2(6)
Yakovlev Yak-40 Codling  Soviet Union VIP Aircraft Yak-40 4 1-2
Mil Mi-8 Hip  Soviet Union Transport Helicopter
Multirole Helicopter		 Mi-8T 44 29
Mil Mi-14 Haze  Soviet Union Anti-Submarine Helicopter Mi-14PL 3 0 All destroyed during the war in Kosovo
Kamov Ka-25 Hormone  Soviet Union Anti-Submarine Helicopter Ka-25PL 4 0 3 destroyed during the war. Last one withdrawn, now in Belgrade Aviation Museum
Kamov Ka-28 Helix  Soviet Union Anti-Submarine Helicopter Ka-28PL 2 0 Withdrawn, now in Belgrade Aviation Museum
Aérospatiale SA-341/-342 Gazelle  France/
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia SFR Yugoslavia		 Utility
Recon
Attack Helicopter
Attack helicopter		 HO-42/45
HI-42 Hera
HN-42M Gama
HN-45M Gama 2		 30
3
27
15		 29
3
19
11

Navy

Yugoslav Naval Ensign

The Federal Yugoslav Navy was based in the Kotor and was largely made of vessels inherited from the SFR Yugoslav Navy. During NATO's Operation Allied Force in 1999, the Navy took control over civilian shipping around Kotor, despite NATO's blockade and in several actions the navy's warships fired at NATO aircraft that were on their way to strike targets. The Navy claimed to have shot down three UAVs over Boka Kotorska. The images of the remains of one of them were displayed online.

Intelligence

Operational experience

Statistics prior to split

The M-84 Main Battle Tank
File:SA-13.jpg
Serbia and Montenegro Air Defense SA-13 Strela-10

Civilians fit for military service were estimated at about 4,888,595 (2001 est.). The 2002 estimate for military expenditures as percent of GDP was 4.6%. Significant reforms were undertaken in the military of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2002 the Serbo-Montenegrin Military force numbered around 100,000 soldiers, supported by some 450,000 reserves. The 100,000 strong Army had 1,500 main battle tanks and 687 armed infantry vehicles. The Navy had 3,500 personnel, of whom 900 were marines. The entire Navy was composed totally out of 6 submarines, 3 frigates, 41 patrol & coastal ships and 14 "other" vessels. The Air force 14,000 personnel had 192 combat aircraft and 72 armed helicopters.

Military branches

  • Army (Kopnena vojska - KoV VSCG)
  • Air Force and Air Defense (Ratno Vazduhoplovstvo i Protivvazdušna odbrana - RV i PVO VSCG)
  • Navy (Ratna Mornarica - RM VSCG)

Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age (2003 est.)

Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 3,579,620 (2003 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 3,077,660 (2003 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 101,547 (2003 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure: $954 million (2002)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 4.6% (2002. est.)

International Deployment

The VSCG was part of MONUC, the UN mission in the Congo. The VSCG was also part of UNAMSIL, the UN mission into Sierra Leone.

Last chief of staff of the Military of Serbia and Montenegro was general Ljubiša Jokić.

Gallery

See also

References

  1. World Factbook
  2. ^ Defense Ministry press conference
  3. Serbian Army in WWI
  4. ^ Sentinel Security Assessment
  5. Serbia's defence budget - Janes.com
  6. "Serbia's Arms Industry Recovers to Become Major Exporter". Bloomberg Television. 16 September 2009.
  7. Kosovo's displaced and imprisoned: hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, February 28, 2000. U.S. G.P.O. 2001. p. 87. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  8. Yugoslavia Ground Forces
  9. "Arsenal" magazine, 15 October 2007 Template:Sr icon
  10. Crisis in the Balkans: The Blockade, by Steven Lee Mayers, The New York Times, May 5 1999
  11. Between Milosevic and the West, montenegro's balance of fear, by Anna Husarska The New York Times, April 17 1999
  12. Where is the air survaillance and attack capability over today's non-linear battlefields?
  13. UAV Remains in Yugoslavia



Peacekeeping

The Serbian Armed Forces take part in five United Nations peacekeeping missions. The Serbian Medical Corps participates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo continuing operations to have begun in Serbia and Montenegro period in March 2003.

Country Mission Number of personnel
Cyprus Cyprus UNFICYP 1 staff officer, 2 observers and 6 infantry
Democratic Republic of the Congo DR Congo MONUC 2 staff officers, 2 doctors and 4 technicians
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast UNOCI 3 officers as military observers
Lebanon Lebanon UNIFIL 5 staff officers
Liberia Liberia UNMIL 4 officers as military observers

See also

References

  1. Current UN missions
  2. Arsenal - (in Serbian)

External links

 Serbian Armed Forces Serbia
Commanders
Commander-in-chief
Minister of Defence
Chief of the General Staff
Commands
Army Command
Air Force and Air Defence Command
Training Command
See also
Military history of Serbia
Military of Europe
Sovereign states
States with limited
recognition
Related
Serbia articles
History
Timeline
By topic
Serbia
Geography
Politics
Governance
Economy
Finance
Industry
Retail
Society
Culture
Demographics
Religion
Sport
Category: