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Boston Marathon bombings
Aftermath of the first blast
Location	Bombing: Boylston Street, west of Copley Square, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Shooting: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. Firefight and manhunt: Watertown, Massachusetts, U.S.
Date	Bombing: April 15, 2013 (2013-04-15), 2:49 p.m. EDT Shooting: April 18, 2013, 10:48 p.m. EDT Firefight and manhunt: April 19, 2013, 12:30 a.m. – 8:42 p.m. EDT
Attack type	Bombing, terrorism, shootings
Weapons	Pressure cooker bombs Other improvised explosive devices Guns and stolen SUV
Deaths	5 total 3 civilians from bombing on April 15 1 police officer from shooting on April 18 1 suspect from firefight on April 19
Injured	299 total 282 civilians from bombing on April 15 16 police officers from firefight on April 19 1 suspect from firefight on April 19

During the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, two bombs exploded at 2:49 p.m. EDT (18:49 UTC), killing 3 people and injuring 282 others. The bombs exploded thirteen seconds apart on Boylston Street, near the finish line.

On April 18, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) asked the public for assistance both before and after releasing photographs and videos of two suspects. The men were identified that day with help from the public as brothers Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev.

Shortly after the release of the photos, the suspects allegedly killed a Massachusetts Institute of Technology police officer, carjacked an SUV, and then engaged in a ferocious shootout with the police in Watertown, Massachusetts, during which a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority police officer was critically injured and Tamerlan Tsarnaev was fatally injured.

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, also injured, escaped. An unprecedented manhunt ensued, with thousands of police and military personnel searching a 20-block area of Watertown. On April 19, the public transportation system and most businesses and public institutions were shut down, and the authorities asked residents of Watertown and surrounding areas, including Boston, to stay indoors, resulting in a deserted urban environment of historic size and duration. Around 7 p.m. that evening, Dzhokhar was found hiding in a boat behind a Watertown house, arrested, and taken to a hospital.

In connection with the attacks, Dzhokhar was charged on April 22 with using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death and charged with malicious destruction of property resulting in death.

Bombings

On Patriots' Day, Monday, April 15, 2013, the annual Boston Marathon began without any indications of an imminent attack. Officials swept the area for bombs twice before the explosions; the second sweep occurred one hour before the bombs went off. People were able to come and go freely, and carry bags and items in and out of the area.

At 2:49 p.m. EDT (18:49 UTC), about two hours after the winner crossed the finish line, but with more than 5,700 runners yet to finish, two bombs detonated on Boylston Street near Copley Square about 180 yards (170 m) apart, just before the finish line. The first exploded outside Marathon Sports at 671–673 Boylston Street at 2:49:43 p.m. EDT. At the time of the first explosion, the race clock at the finish line showed 04:09:43. The second bomb was located one block farther west at 755 Boylston Street and exploded at 2:49:57 p.m. EDT, about 13 seconds after the first one.

The blasts blew out windows on adjacent buildings but did not cause any structural damage. Some runners continued to cross the line until 2:57 p.m. EDT, eight minutes after the explosions.

Bombing victims

Three people were killed from the bombings and 282 were injured. A number of the injuries were grievous, requiring intensive care, and appeared to be "war-like injuries" of mutilation, shrapnel wounds, and dismemberment. The trauma surgery chief at Boston Medical Center said: "We see patients like this, with mangled extremities, but we don’t see 16 of them at the same time, and we don’t see patients from blast injuries."

Deaths

Three spectators were killed in the bombings: Krystle Campbell, 29, a female restaurant manager from Medford, Massachusetts; Lu Lingzi (Chinese: 吕令子), 23, a female Boston University graduate student and Chinese national from Shenyang, Liaoning; and Martin Richard, an eight-year-old boy from the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, who was reportedly killed by the second bomb.

Injuries

According to the Boston Public Health Commission, 282 people were treated at twenty-seven local hospitals. At least 15 of the injured were in critical condition on April 16, including two children. One of the children was the younger sister of Martin Richard, the 8-year-old boy who was killed in the attack.

Many victims suffered lower leg injuries and shrapnel wounds, which indicated the devices were low to the ground. At least 14 of the injured suffered severed limbs at the scene or by amputation in hospital and 3 of these lost more than one limb.

Doctors described removing "ball-bearing type" metallic beads a little larger than BBs, and small carpenter-type nails about 1 to 2.5 centimeters (0.4 to 1 in) long. Similar objects were found at the scene. The New York Times stated that, according to doctors, because the bombs were low to the ground, the injuries mainly affected legs and feet instead of abdomens, chests, and heads, and as a result few deaths occurred. Some suffered ruptured eardrums.

Initial response

Rescue workers, medical personnel on hand to assist runners, bystanders, and runners rushed to help the wounded in the immediate aftermath.

The marathon was halted abruptly. Police, following emergency plans, diverted the remaining runners away from the finish line to Boston Common and Kenmore Square. The nearby Lenox Hotel was also evacuated. Police closed down a 15-block area around the blast site; this was reduced to a 12-block crime scene on April 16. Massachusetts Army National Guard soldiers already on scene joined local authorities in rendering aid. Bomb squads searched the area. Many bystanders had dropped backpacks and other bags as they fled, requiring each to be treated as a potential bomb. Boston police commissioner Ed Davis recommended that people stay off the streets.

Various bags and packages found on the street were treated as potential additional bombs. At one point the Boston Police Bomb Squad said they would perform a controlled explosion on the 600 block of Boylston Street. A number of news reports stated that more bombs had been found in the area of the marathon, although in the end none were.

As a precaution, the FAA restricted airspace over Boston, and issued a temporary ground stop for Boston's Logan International Airport. Some Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority service was halted. Several cities in Massachusetts and other states put their police forces on alert. U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder directed that the "full resources" of the U.S. Department of Justice be brought to bear on investigating the explosions. The Navy sent one of its bomb-disposal units to Boston to help local authorities.

The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency suggested people trying to contact those in the vicinity use text messaging, instead of voice calls, because of crowded cellphone lines. Cellphone service in Boston was congested but remained in operation, despite some local media reports stating that cell service was shut down.

The American Red Cross helped concerned friends and family receive information about runners and casualties. The Boston Police Department also set up a helpline for people concerned about relatives or acquaintances to contact and a line for people to provide information. Google Person Finder activated their disaster service under Boston Marathon Explosions to log known information about missing persons as a publicly viewable file.

Because of the closure of several hotels near the blast zone, some out-of-town visitors were left with nowhere to stay; many Boston-area residents opened their homes to them.

Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation led the investigation, assisted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); treating the bombings as a terrorist attack and naming two alleged perpetrators officially as suspects.

United States government officials stated that there had been no intelligence reports that indicated such a bombing would take place. Representative Peter King, member of the House Intelligence Committee said: "I received two top secret briefings last week on the current threat levels in the United States, and there was no evidence of this at all."

However, the suspect's father claims that the FBI was watching his family and questioned his sons in Cambridge, Massachusetts, five times in relation to possible explosions on the streets of Boston.

At the site of the explosion, investigators found shrapnel that included bits of metal, nails, and bearing balls, as well as black nylon pieces from a backpack. The lid of a Fagor-brand pressure cooker was found on a nearby rooftop. Investigators also found the remains of an electronic circuit board and wiring, possibly used as a timer of the bomb. Rep. Mike McCaul said "most likely, gunpowder was used in the devices". All evidence was sent to the FBI Laboratory for analysis. Both of the improvised explosive devices are reported to be pressure cooker bombs. The Boston Globe reported that Tamerlan may have purchased fireworks from a fireworks store in New Hampshire.

Suspects

Description and identification

In a news conference held at 5:20 p.m. on April 18, the FBI released photographs and surveillance videos showing two suspects – each carrying backpacks and walking nonchalantly but purposefully in single file formation – and sought the public's help in identifying them. Jeff Bauman, a victim who lost both legs, was adjacent to the location of one of the bombs; upon recovering consciousness he asked for pen and paper and wrote a note to the FBI, "bag, saw the guy, looked right at me". Bauman was later able to provide detailed descriptions to the authorities of a suspect who was seen placing a backpack beside him at the bombing scene two and a half minutes before it exploded, enabling the photo to be identified and circulated quickly. Authorities later said that releasing the suspect's photos "was a turning point in the investigation, no doubt about it."

The suspects—initially identified by the FBI as unnamed suspects 1 and 2 (or "black hat" and "white hat", respectively) from photographic and video evidence—had "acted differently" after the explosions; they had stayed to watch the aftermath and walked away "casually", rather than fleeing. Asked for assistance in identifying the suspects, the public provided a deluge of photographs and home movie records to police, which were scrutinized by both authorities and online public social networks.

Based on assistance from the public, the authorities identified the suspects as two brothers, 26-year-old Tamerlan Tsarnaev (Template:Lang-ru), born on October 21, 1986, and 19-year-old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev (Template:Lang-ru), born on July 22, 1993.

Manhunt and capture

After the photos were released, the suspects fatally shot Sean Collier of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Police Department multiple times in what has been characterized as an assassination. Collier, aged 26, was seated in his police car near the Stata Center (Building 32), on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus at 10:48 p.m. on April 18. Officer Collier was taken to Massachusetts General Hospital in nearby downtown Boston, where he was pronounced dead.

The suspects then carjacked a Mercedes SUV in Cambridge, forcing the owner to use his ATM card to obtain $800 in cash. They transferred luggage to the Mercedes and one brother followed it in the Civic. The man escaped after the ATM cash limit was reached and while they were at a gas station where he called 911, but his cellphone remained in the vehicle, allowing the police to track it. The carjackers told the man that they were responsible for the Boston bombings and MIT officer killing. The carjacking victim stated that the brothers told him they would not kill him, because he was not an American.

Shortly after midnight on the morning of April 19, a Watertown police officer identified the brothers in a Honda sedan and the stolen SUV, and a "ferocious" gunfight followed on the 100 block of Laurel Ave, between the brothers and police arriving at the scene. An estimated 200–300 rounds of ammunition were fired and at least one further bomb and several "crude grenades" were thrown. As the older brother, Tamerlan, ran out of ammunition and was tackled and apprehended by police, the younger brother Dzhokar drove the stolen SUV towards police. The car drove over Tamerlan and dragged him a short distance down the street. A sequence of photos of this confrontation were published on the Internet by a Watertown resident

Tamerlan Tsarnaev was subsequently taken by police to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, where he died from injuries which included multiple gunshot wounds, a possible blast injury from a suicide vest, and injuries sustained from being driven over by his brother in the car. Dzhokar Tsarnaev then abandoned the SUV and escaped on foot. During the firefight, 33-year-old MBTA Police Officer Richard H. Donahue Jr. was also critically wounded. He was taken to Mount Auburn Hospital, where he was in critical but stable condition.

The FBI released additional photos of the two during the Watertown incident. Early on April 19, Watertown residents received reverse 911 calls asking them to stay indoors. On the morning of April 19, Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick asked residents of Watertown and adjacent cities and towns (Boston, Belmont, Brookline, Cambridge, Newton, and Waltham) to "shelter in place". The entire public transit network, as well as most Boston taxi service, was suspended, as was Amtrak service to and from Boston. Logan International Airport remained open. Universities, schools, many businesses, and other facilities were closed as thousands of law enforcement personnel participated in an unprecedented door-to-door manhunt in Watertown, as well as following up other leads, including at the house the brothers shared in Cambridge. The father of the suspected Boston Marathon bombers, speaking from his home in Makhachkala, Dagestan, encouraged his son to: "Give up. Give up. You have a bright future ahead of you. Come home to Russia." He continued, "If they killed him, then all hell would break loose.” NBC News reported that at least seven improvised explosive devices were recovered in the searches: some in Watertown and some at the Tsarnaevs' house in Cambridge.

The manhunt ended on the evening of April 19, when authorities surrounded Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, who had taken refuge under a tarpaulin covering a Watertown resident's boat that was on a trailer in his backyard. He was discovered when the boat's owner stepped outside his home shortly after the shelter-in-place order had been lifted and noticed that the boat's cover was cut. When the owner looked into the boat, he saw a body lying in a pool of blood and promptly notified police. Tsarnaev's presence and movement was later verified through a forward looking infrared thermal imaging device in a State Police helicopter. He was taken into custody at 8:42 p.m. after a standoff and transported to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, where he was listed in serious condition. Authorities believe Tsarnaev tried to kill himself, judging by the gunshot wound to his neck, which "had the appearance of a close-range, self-inflicted style."

Legal proceedings

Dzhokhar was not initially given Miranda warnings as federal law enforcement officials invoked the public safety exception. United States Senators Kelly Ayotte, Saxby Chambliss, Lindsey Graham, and John McCain, as well as Representative Peter T. King, suggested that Tsarnaev, a U.S. citizen, should be tried as an unlawful enemy combatant rather than as a criminal, potentially preventing him from obtaining counsel. Other sources, including Alan Dershowitz, a prominent American legal scholar and lawyer, questioned the senators' suggestion. The government ultimately decided to try Dzhokhar in the federal criminal court system and not as an enemy combatant.

A Justice Department official told CNN that Dzhokhar will face federal terrorism charges and possibly state murder charges. The official also stated that, although Massachusetts does not have a death penalty, prosecutors could seek the death penalty under federal law.

On April 22, formal criminal charges were brought against Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts during a bedside hearing. He was charged with using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, and with malicious destruction of property resulting in death. The charges carry potential sentences of life imprisonment or the death penalty. Tsarnaev was judged to be awake, mentally competent, lucid and he responded to questions. When the judge asked him whether he was able to afford an attorney, he responded "No" so he is now represented by the Federal Public Defender's office.

According to government officials cited by the Associated Press, CNN and The Independent, Dzhokhar indicated during his interrogation that the bombings were motivated by his religious beliefs. The Washington Post reported the same day that Dzhokhar had specifically cited as motivation the U.S. Iraq War and War in Afghanistan. The New York Times said the brothers were motivated by their "extremist Islamic beliefs but that they were not connected to any known terrorist groups", and said that "investigators were still working feverishly to determine the motives for the attacks".

Backgrounds

Tamerlan was born in 1986 in the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, North Caucasus. Dzhokhar was born in 1993 in Kyrgyzstan, although his family claims he was born in the Russian republic of Dagestan. The brothers spent time in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan. They are ethnic Chechens, though they never lived in Chechnya. The brothers are Muslim, with Tamerlan's Aunt stating that he had recently become a devout Muslim.

The Tsarnaev brothers and their family immigrated in 2002 to the United States, where they applied for refugee status and settled in Massachusetts, with Tamerlan living in Cambridge, for the past ten years. They had previously lived in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan, and Makhachkala, Dagestan.

Tamerlan Tsarnaev attended Bunker Hill Community College but dropped out to become a boxer. His goal was a place on the US Olympic boxing team saying that "unless his native Chechnya becomes independent" he would "rather compete for the United States than for Russia". He was married to a US citizen, and had a 3-year-old daughter. He stated that he "didn't understand" Americans and had no American friends, and had a history of violence, having been arrested in July 2009 for assaulting his then-girlfriend.

Tamerlan, in the three years before his death, became more devout and religious, and a YouTube channel in his name linked to Salafist and Islamist videos. The FBI was informed by the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) in 2011 that he was a "follower of radical Islam." In response, the FBI interviewed Tamerlan and his family, and searched databases, but did not find any evidence of "terrorism activity, domestic or foreign." During the 2012 trip to Dagestan, Tamerlan was reportedly a frequent visitor at a mosque on Kotrova Street in Makhachkala, believed by the FSB to be linked with radical Islam. Some experts believe "they were motivated by their faith, apparently an anti-American, radical version of Islam" acquired in America while others see the radical turn happening in Dagestan.

At the time of the bombing, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was a student at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, with a major in marine biology. Dzhokhar became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 11, 2012. Tamerlan's boxing coach, John Curran, reported to NBC that "the young brother was like a puppy dog following his older brother".

Family

A reporter for ABC News conducted an interview with a sister of the suspects at 8:00 a.m. on April 20 at her apartment in West New York, New Jersey. Alerted to her location by the broadcast, the FBI, West New York Police Department, and Hudson County Sheriff's Department subsequently seized computer equipment from her apartment. On television, Dzhozkar's uncle from Montgomery Village, Maryland, pleaded with him to turn himself in.

Other arrests and detentions

On April 15, several people who were near the scene of the blast and the surrounding area were taken into custody and questioned about the bombings, including a Saudi man who police stopped as he was walking away from the explosion, and detained when some of his responses to questions "made them uncomfortable". Law enforcement searched his residence in a Boston suburb, but CNN later reported that he was found to have no connection to the attack, with an unnamed U.S. official saying "he was just at the wrong place at the wrong time."

On the night of April 18, two men riding in a taxi in the vicinity of the shootout were arrested but were released shortly thereafter as police determined they were not involved. Another man was arrested several blocks from the site of the shootout, and was forced to strip naked by police out of fear that he might have concealed explosives. He was released that evening after a brief investigation determined that he was an innocent bystander. Three others were taken into custody in New Bedford at the housing complex where Dzhokhar Tsarnaev lived, but were soon released. On April 20, two men possibly linked to the bombing were arrested in New Bedford for immigration-related violations.

Reactions

Law enforcement, local and national politicians, and various heads of state reacted quickly to the bombings, generally condemning the act and expressing sympathies for the victims.

Local

As a safety precaution, the NHL postponed a Boston Bruins home game against the Ottawa Senators at TD Garden scheduled for April 15, to April 28 instead. The Boston Symphony Orchestra canceled its April 15 performance. On April 16, the MBTA public transit system, which was partly shut down, was under heavy National Guard and police presence and it was shut down a second time April 19 during the manhunt. The NBA's Boston Celtics game scheduled for April 16 against the Indiana Pacers was canceled since both teams' playoff seedings were already set. The Boston Red Sox game at Fenway, the Bruins game, and the Big Apple Circus performance scheduled for April 19, were postponed to support efforts of law enforcement officers. Boston University established a scholarship in honor of deceased student Lu Lingzi.

National

President Barack Obama addressed the nation after the attack. He said that, while the perpetrator(s) were still unknown, the government would "get to the bottom of this" and that those responsible "will feel the full weight of justice". The President again addressed the American people the next day. He later described the bombing as terrorism, declaring, "Any time bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terror." President Obama issued a proclamation ordering flags to half-staff until April 20 on all federal buildings as "a mark of respect for the victims of the senseless acts of violence perpetrated on April 15, 2013, in Boston, Massachusetts." President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama traveled to Boston on April 18 to attend and address an interfaith service at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross to honor the victims of the attacks.

A moment of silence was observed at the openings of the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and NYMEX on the day after the bombings. Moments of silence were also held at various events across the country, including the Boston Remembrance Run held in Portland, Oregon, on April 17, which drew over 1,000 runners in a silent show of support.

The Oklahoma City Memorial Marathon organizers asked runners, volunteers, and spectators to wear red socks in commemoration to the tragedy in Boston. Andrea Miles, an organizer for the Oklahoma City marathon said, "As Oklahomans and folks participating in the OKC Memorial Marathon, we have such a deep connection to not only the marathon but the events from the Murrah bombing that have lead to this memorial," Miles said. "So now we’re not just running to remember the 168 people who were lost in 1995 but also to honor Boston and stand in solidarity with them."

International

The bombings were denounced and condolences were offered by many international leaders as well as leading figures from international sport. Security measures were increased worldwide in the wake of the attack.

In China, users posted condolence messages on Weibo in response to the death of Lu Lingzi. Chris Buckley of The New York Times said "Ms. Lu’s death gave a melancholy face to the attraction that America and its colleges exert over many young Chinese." Laurie Burkitt of The Wall Street Journal said "Ms. Lu's death resonates with many in China" due to the one-child policy.

Organizers of the London Marathon, which was held six days after the Boston bombings, reviewed security arrangements for their event, despite there not being any threat against it. Hundreds of extra police officers were drafted in to provide a greater presence on the streets, but despite the security concerns a record 700,000 spectators lined the streets. Runners in London observed a 30-second silence in respect for the victims of Boston shortly before the race began, and many runners wore black ribbons on their vests. Organisers also pledged to donate US$3 to a fund for Boston Marathon victims for every person who finished the race.

The Russian government, which is holding several international sports events in the near future, including the 2014 Winter Olympics, stated that special attention will be paid to security at those events. Vladimir Putin condemned the "barbaric crime" and "stressed that the Russian Federation will be ready, if necessary, to assist in the US authorities’ investigation."

Chechen reaction

On April 19, 2013, the press-secretary of Ramzan Kadyrov, head of the Russian Chechen Republic, issued a statement that, inter alia, said: "The Boston bombing suspects have nothing to do with Chechnya". On the same day Ramzan Kadyrov was reported by The Guardian to have written on Instagram: "... Any attempt to make a link between Chechnya and the Tsarnaevs, if they are guilty, is in vain. They grew up in the US, their views and beliefs were formed there. The roots of evil must be searched for in America. The whole world must battle with terrorism. We know this better than anyone. We wish recover to all the victims and share Americans' feeling of sorrow."

Akhmed Zakayev, the head of the secular wing of the Chechen separatist movement, now in exile in London, condemned the bombings as terrorist and expressed condolences to the families of the victims. Zakayev denied that the bombers were in any way representative of the Chechen people, saying that "the Chechen people never had and can not have any hostile feelings toward the United States and its citizens."

The Mujahideen of the Caucasus Emirate Province of Dagestan, the Caucasian Islamist insurgency active in both Chechnya and Dagestan, denied any link to the bombing or the Tsarnaev brothers and stated that it was at war with Russia, not the United States. It also said that it had sworn off violence against civilians since 2012.

Critical reactions to the manhunt

The manhunt and the lockdown it caused was criticized as being an overreaction. The Observer's Michael Cohen makes the point that it was not the first time dangerous murderers have been on the loose in a large American city, specifically naming Christopher Dorner in February 2013 and the Beltway sniper attacks in October 2002, yet in none of the previous cases such a lockdown had been instantiated. Moreover, critics, including Thomas R. Eddlem of The New American and Sean Collins of Spiked, noted that martial law does not even work: the suspect was not found until the curfew was lifted.

Haaretz's Chemi Salev writes that "in terms of cost-benefit analysis, from the evil terrorist’s point of view, the Boylston Street bombings and their after aftermath can only be viewed as a resounding triumph", since the "relatively amateurish" terrorists managed to intimidate a vast amount of people and got a maximum amount of publicity, even causing the US security forces to invade and occupy an American town. The New York Times' Ross Douthat comments on Salev's thoughts that the massive manhunt operation just might deter other amateur terrorists but not hard-core terrorists such as Mohammed Atta. Douthat argues that out of the ordinary measures can only be used when terrorism itself is out of the ordinary: if attacks started to happen more often, people would not be as submissive to shelter in place commands every time, yet when a terrorist has once been hunted with such an operation, it is hard to justify the next time why such measures would not be taken again.

Mistakes in reporting

On Monday afternoon, the New York Post published a dramatic report that 12 people were killed by the explosions at the Boston Marathon, and that a suspect – a Saudi Arabian male – was being questioned at a Boston hospital. On Tuesday, with the official count at three dead, the Post reported that "law-enforcement source told The Post could be as high as 12." Finally, on Wednesday, the Post reported only three dead, without acknowledging its prior error.

At 6 p.m. on Monday, Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis said at a press conference that there had been no arrest. The Post did not retract its story about the suspect, leading to widespread reports by CBS News, CNN, and other media that a Middle Eastern suspect was in custody. By Tuesday afternoon, a majority of outlets were reporting that the Saudi national that the Post said was being held as a "suspect" in the bombing was a witness, not a suspect.

At 1:48 p.m. EDT, Wednesday, April 17, John King announced on CNN that an arrest had been made. Fran Townsend also reported the same. CNN's report was followed by similar reports by the Associated Press about 2:05 p.m with addition that the suspect was expected in federal court. CNN's report also described the arrestee as being "dark skinned". At 2:11 p.m. NBC's Peter Williams replied that no arrest had been made as did CBS. About 2:30 p.m., CNN backed off on its report with Townsend saying "The situation is very fluid... There was a misunderstanding. That was said to me, not so much that we had misunderstood, but that there has been a misunderstanding and lots of cross communication." Fox News and The Christian Science Monitor website made the same mistake.

The New York Post in its April 18 front page showed two men carrying bags (a man in blue athletic gear with a blue shoulder bag and a man in a black jacket with a black backpack). The headline proclaimed "Bag Men" and then in smaller print "Feds seek these two pictured at Boston Marathon." The two were not the ones being sought. They were a 17-year-old boy, and his track coach (the latter of whom was wearing a white cap). The boy, from Revere, Massachusetts, turned himself over to the police immediately and was cleared after a 20-minute interview in which they advised him to deactivate his Facebook account. The New York Post editor Col Allan stated, "We stand by our story. The image was emailed to law enforcement agencies yesterday afternoon seeking information about these men, as our story reported. We did not identify them as suspects." The two were also implied to be possible suspects via crowdsourcing on the websites Reddit and 4chan.

Several other people were also mistakenly identified as suspects. Among those wrongly accused on Reddit were a 17-year-old athletics star and a Brown University student missing since March.

On Wednesday, the FBI released the following statement:

Contrary to widespread reporting, no arrest has been made in connection with the Boston Marathon attack. Over the past day and a half, there have been a number of press reports based on information from unofficial sources that has been inaccurate. Since these stories often have unintended consequences, we ask the media, particularly at this early stage of the investigation, to exercise caution and attempt to verify information through appropriate official channels before reporting.

The decision to release the photos of the Tsarnaev brothers was made in part to limit damage done to those misidentified on the Internet and by the media, and to address concerns over maintaining control of the manhunt.

Because of a report by the police, sources throughout the Internet reported that the Tsarnaev brothers had robbed a 7-Eleven store in Cambridge on Thursday night. State Police later established that someone other than the bombing suspects robbed the convenience store in Cambridge. A statement from State Police spokesperson Dave Procopio says "the bombers did purchase gas at a gas station in Cambridge later in the chain of events and we recovered images of them there." The commissioner also later said that the "robbery" was in fact a carjacking by the bombing suspects. The 7-Eleven director of corporate communications was "calling journalists all day to ask them to make a correction".

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231. LoGiurato, Brett (April 17, 2013). "FBI Shreds The Media Over Unverified Boston Marathon Reports". BusinessInsider.com. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
232. Williams, Matt (April 17, 2013). "FBI urges media to 'exercise caution' after inaccurate arrest reports". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved April 22, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
233. Montgomery, David; Horwitz, Sari; Fisher, Marc (April 20, 2013). "Police, citizens and technology factor into Boston bombing probe". The Washington Post.
234. ^ DiBlasio, Natalie (April 19, 2013). "7-Eleven robbery not related to Boston bombing suspects". USA Today. Gannett. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
235. "'The Hunt Is Over': 1 Marathon Bombing Suspect Dead, 1 In Custody After Paralyzing Manhunt". WBUR. April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
236. Mass. State Police: "We Have a Suspect in Custody". PBS News Hour via YouTube. April 19, 2013. Event occurs at 15:30. Retrieved April 20, 2013.

External links

• "Statement" (Document). Boston Athletic Association. April 15, 2013. {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |archivedate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |archiveurl= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)
• "Statement" (Document). Boston Athletic Association. April 19, 2013. {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |archivedate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |archiveurl= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)
• "Boston Bombs". United Kingdom: BBC.
• "Boston Marathon Explosion". Reuters.
• "Boston Marathon Bombings" (Document). CNN. April 15, 2013. {{cite document}}: Unknown parameter |url= ignored (help)
• "Guardian coverage of Boston Marathon explosions". UK. April 19, 2013.
• "The Lede". The New York Times. April 15, 2013. {{cite news}}: |contribution= ignored (help)
• "Bombings at the Boston Marathon". Boston Globe.
• "Boston public safety response audio to marathon terrorist attack". Radio Reference. April 15, 2013.
• "From the Boston Marathon Bombing". Slate (photos). 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• "Photos of the Boston Marathon Bombing". The Atlantic. 2013. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• "Video shows moment of deadly explosion at finish line of Boston Marathon". TV. Reuters. April 15, 2013.
• "Two blasts hit Boston Marathon finish line, at least 3 killed, more than 100 wounded". TV. Reuters. April 15, 2013.
• "Boston attack: probing the devices and destruction". TV. Reuters. April 15, 2013.
• "Boston marathon: the moment of the explosions". The Guardian. United Kingdom. April 16, 2013.

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