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| ] | ] in Shuafat]] | ||
| ⚫ | '''Shu'fat''' ({{lang-ar|شعفاط}} <small>''{{transl|ar|Šuʿafāṭ}}''</small>), also ''Shuafat'' and ''Sha'fat'', is a ] neighborhood of ], forming part of north-eastern ].<ref name=Kershner>{{cite news|title=Under a Divided City, Evidence of a Once United One|author=Isabel Kershner|date=June 5, 2007|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/05/world/middleeast/05jerusalem.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=2008-01-29 | work=The New York Times}}</ref> Located on the old Jerusalem-] road about three miles north of the ], Shu'fat has a population of 35,000 residents. Shu'fat refugee camp was established by ] in 1965 to house Palestinian squatters from the ] of the Old City.<ref name="jq7">T. Abowd, ''The Moroccan Quarter: A History of the Present'', in: Jerusalem Quarterly File (Institute of Jerusalem Studies), no. 7 (2000), pp. 6-16 (retrieved October 16, 2012)</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Shu'fat borders ] and ] on the north, Shu'fat refugee camp on the east, ] on the south, and ] on the west.<ref name=jpost1/><ref name=IrAmim>{{cite web|title=Jerusalem Neighborhood Profile: Shuafat Refugee Camp|publisher=Ir Amim|url=http://www.ir-amim.org.il/Eng/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/ShuafatRefugeeCampEng(1).doc|month=August | year=2006|accessdate=2008-02-01|format=DOC}}</ref> Shu'fat is located in the part of the West Bank which was included in the municipal boundaries of Jerusalem after its occupation in 1967. | ||
| ⚫ | '''Shu'fat''' ({{lang-ar|شعفاط}} <small>''{{transl|ar|Šuʿafāṭ}}''</small>), also ''Shuafat'' and ''Sha'fat'', is a ] neighborhood of ], forming part of north-eastern ].<ref name=Kershner>{{cite news|title=Under a Divided City, Evidence of a Once United One|author=Isabel Kershner|date=June 5, 2007|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/05/world/middleeast/05jerusalem.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=2008-01-29 | work=The New York Times}}</ref> Located on the old Jerusalem-] road about three miles north of the ], Shu'fat has a population of 35,000 residents. |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| ] in Shuafat]] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ===Antiquity=== | |||
| ⚫ | The place was known to the ]s and ]rs as ''Dersophath'';.<ref name=Shahinp334>{{cite book|author=Mariam Shahin|title=Palestine: A Guide|year=2005|publisher=]|isbn=1-56656-557-X|page=334}}</ref>{{Dubious|date=February 2012}}<ref name=Pringle>{{cite book|title=Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological|author=Denys Pringle|page=94|year=1997|publisher=]|isbn=0-521-46010-7|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA94&dq=dersophath}}</ref> Biblical identifications include ], a village in north Jerusalem whose inhabitants fled the approaching ]n army, according to the ],<ref name=Eerdmans>{{cite book|title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|page=487|year=2000|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|isbn=0-8028-2400-5|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA487&dq=shuafat}}</ref> ],<ref name=Conder3>C. R. Conder, ''Survey of Western Palestine'', Vol. III (1883) pp13-14.</ref> and ].<ref>C. Geikie, ''The Holy Land and the Bible'' (1887), pp158–159.</ref> ], on the neighborhood's outskirts, is believed to have been ]'s capital of ] at ].<ref>Discovering the World of the Bible, LaMar C. Berrett</ref> Jordan's ] also ]. Shuafat has been the site of intermittent habitation since at least 2000 BC,<ref name=Shahinp334/> and a number of ancient artifacts have been discovered there. | ||
| ⚫ | The remains of a ] structure in the center of the village that was possibly a church.<ref name=Pringle/> | ||
| ⚫ | The place was known to the ]s and ]rs as ''Dersophath'';.<ref name=Shahinp334>{{cite book|author=Mariam Shahin|title=Palestine: A Guide|year=2005|publisher=]|isbn=1-56656-557-X|page=334}}</ref>{{Dubious|date=February 2012}}<ref name=Pringle>{{cite book|title=Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological|author=Denys Pringle|page=94|year=1997|publisher=]|isbn=0-521-46010-7|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA94&dq=dersophath}}</ref> Biblical identifications include ], a village in north Jerusalem whose inhabitants fled the approaching ]n army, according to the ],<ref name=Eerdmans>{{cite book|title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible|page=487|year=2000|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans|isbn=0-8028-2400-5|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA487&dq=shuafat}}</ref> ],<ref name=Conder3>C. R. Conder, ''Survey of Western Palestine'', Vol. III (1883) pp13-14.</ref> and ].<ref>C. Geikie, ''The Holy Land and the Bible'' (1887), pp158–159.</ref> ], on the neighborhood's outskirts, is believed to have been ]'s capital of ] at ].<ref>Discovering the World of the Bible | ||
| By LaMar C. Berrett</ref> Jordan's ] also ]. | |||
| ⚫ | Following a 1991 ] dig in Shuafat by Alexander Onn and Tzvi Greenhut, a room dating to the 2nd century BC was identified as a prayer room or synagogue, making one of the oldest ever found. However the site was can no longer be identified and has been questioned.<ref>The Book of Acts in Its Palestinian Setting, | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Richard Bauckham</ref><ref>The Cambridge History of Judaism: The late Roman-Rabbinic period, | ||
| ⚫ | William David Davies, Louis Finkelstein, Steven T. Katz</ref><ref>The ancient synagogue from its origins to 200 A.D.: Anders Runesson, Donald D. Binder, Birger Olsson</ref><ref></ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Following a 1991 ] dig in Shuafat by Alexander Onn and Tzvi Greenhut, a room dating to the 2nd century BC was identified as a prayer room or synagogue, making one of the oldest ever found. However the site was can no longer be identified and has been questioned.<ref>The Book of Acts in Its Palestinian Setting | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| By William David Davies, Louis Finkelstein, Steven T. Katz</ref><ref>The ancient synagogue from its origins to 200 A.D.: a source book | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| During an archaeological ] conducted near the Shuafat refugee camp in preparation for the laying of the tracks for the ] system, the remains of an ancient Roman settlement, dating back to the Roman Empire were discovered. The settlement was described as a 'sophisticated community impeccably planned by the Roman authorities, with orderly rows of houses and two fine public bathhouses to the north.' The findings are said be the first indication of an active Jewish settlement in the area of Jerusalem after the ]. The main indication that the settlement was a Jewish one is the assemblage of stone vessels found there. Such vessels, for food storage and serving, were only used by Jews because they were believed not to transmit impurity. Archaeologists believe stone basins discovered at the site were used to hold ashes from the destroyed ].<ref name=Kershner/><ref name=Haaretz>{{cite web|title=Shuafat dig reveals first sign of Jewish life after destruction of Second Temple|author=Amiram Barkat|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=664903|date=2 January 2006|accessdate=2008-02-01}}</ref> | During an archaeological ] conducted near the Shuafat refugee camp in preparation for the laying of the tracks for the ] system, the remains of an ancient Roman settlement, dating back to the Roman Empire were discovered. The settlement was described as a 'sophisticated community impeccably planned by the Roman authorities, with orderly rows of houses and two fine public bathhouses to the north.' The findings are said be the first indication of an active Jewish settlement in the area of Jerusalem after the ]. The main indication that the settlement was a Jewish one is the assemblage of stone vessels found there. Such vessels, for food storage and serving, were only used by Jews because they were believed not to transmit impurity. Archaeologists believe stone basins discovered at the site were used to hold ashes from the destroyed ].<ref name=Kershner/><ref name=Haaretz>{{cite web|title=Shuafat dig reveals first sign of Jewish life after destruction of Second Temple|author=Amiram Barkat|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=664903|date=2 January 2006|accessdate=2008-02-01}}</ref> | ||
| ===Ottoman era=== | |||
| Local legend holds that the modern settlement was established several hundred years ago by immigrants from the ].<ref name="BHCC"></ref><ref></ref> | Local legend holds that the modern settlement was established several hundred years ago by immigrants from the ].<ref name="BHCC"></ref><ref></ref> | ||
| In 1596, the village |
In 1596, the village was inhabited by eight Muslim families who paid taxes on wheat, barley, vineyards and other agricultural produce.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Hütteroth|first1=Wolf-Dieter|first2=Kamal|last2=Abdulfattah|year=1977|title=Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century|publisher=Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|page=120}}</ref> In 1883 it was described as follows: "A small village, standing on a flat spur immediately west of the watershed, surrounded with olive-trees. It has wells to the north. There is a sacred chapel of Sultan Ibrahim in the village."<ref name=Conder3/> The census of 1931 recorded 539 Muslims living there.<ref>Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns, and Administrative Areas (1932), p43</ref> | ||
| ===British Mandate era=== | |||
| The town of Shuafat was to be the most northernmost point of the ], which "in view of its association with three world religions" was to be "accorded special and separate treatment from the rest of Palestine and should be placed under effective United Nations control".<ref name=Waart>{{cite book|title=Dynamics of Self-Determination in Palestine: Protection of Peoples As a|author=Paul Jacob Ignatius Maria de Waart|page=216|year=1994|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-08286-7|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=8bfkImTG1MgC&pg=PA216&dq=accorded+special+and+separate+treatment+from+the+rest+of+Palestine+and+should+be+placed+under+effective+United+Nations+control}}</ref> | The town of Shuafat was to be the most northernmost point of the ], which "in view of its association with three world religions" was to be "accorded special and separate treatment from the rest of Palestine and should be placed under effective United Nations control".<ref name=Waart>{{cite book|title=Dynamics of Self-Determination in Palestine: Protection of Peoples As a|author=Paul Jacob Ignatius Maria de Waart|page=216|year=1994|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-08286-7|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=8bfkImTG1MgC&pg=PA216&dq=accorded+special+and+separate+treatment+from+the+rest+of+Palestine+and+should+be+placed+under+effective+United+Nations+control}}</ref> | ||
| ===Jordanian era=== | |||
| During the ] ] |
During the ], ] led the residents of Shuafat in an attack against the neighboring Jewish villages of ] and ]. However, the Jews received advanced warning of the attack and fled.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ajhs.org/scholarship/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=285 |title=American Newlyweds in Israel, 1948 |date=11 April 2011 |accessdate=25 April 2011 |publisher=]}}</ref>In April 1948, the ] captured Shuafat in the course of ] but ultimately withdrew following a battle at the ]. On 13 May, the villagers were expelled by the ], which was preparing for battle in the area.<ref>{{cite book | ||
| |author=Benny Morris | |author=Benny Morris | ||
| |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949 | |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949 | ||
| Line 34: | Line 31: | ||
| |isbn=978-0-521-33889-9}}</ref> | |isbn=978-0-521-33889-9}}</ref> | ||
| Shuafat was occupied by ], which unilaterally ] in April 1950. In 1964, the Shuafat refugee camp was built by the UN to alleviate the crowded conditions in the ].<ref>Meron Benvenisti, ''Jerusalem: The Torn City,'' Isratypeset, 1976, p.69</ref> In 1965, on the orders of King Hussein, the ] transferred 500 Arab squatters from hovels in the burnt out ] of Jerusalem, to the camp.<ref></ref><ref>Doson, Nandita and Sabbah, Abdul Wahad (editors) ''Stories from our Mothers'' (2010), pp.18-19 </ref> According to David Bedein, Jordan intended to renovate the Jewish Quarter, but the plan became obsolete in the wake of the ] in 1967.<ref>http://israelbehindthenews.com/Oct-13-98.htm</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| == |
===State of Israel=== | ||
| ⚫ | After the Six-Day War, the town and refugee camp were annexed by Israel and became part of the Jerusalem municipal district.<ref name=Kershner/> The residents were offered Israeli citizenship, but most refused it. Many accepted permanent residency status instead.<ref name=Kershner/> | ||
| According to Isabel Kershner of the ], Shuafat, like most of the other Arab neighborhoods in Jerusalem, suffers from an absence of municipal planning, overcrowding, and potholed roads.<ref name=Kershner/> | |||
| ] | |||
| The Shuafat refugee camp is the only ] located inside Jerusalem or any other Israeli-administered area. While its residents carry Jerusalem identity cards, which |
The Shuafat refugee camp is the only ] located inside Jerusalem or any other Israeli-administered area. While its residents carry Jerusalem identity cards, which grants them the same privileges and rights as regular Israelis, the camp itself is largely serviced by the ], even though 40 - 50% of the camp's population are not registered refugees. The ] was partially constructed between the camp and the rest of Shuafat and Jerusalem. Some health services are provided by Israeli clinics in the camp. The Israeli presence is limited to checkpoints controlling entry and exit. According to ], the camp suffers from high crime because ] rarely enter due to security concerns, while the ] does not operate in Israeli-administered municipalities. Unlike other UN-run refugee camps, residents of Shuafat camp pay taxes to the Israeli authorities.<ref name=jpost1>{{cite web|title=New checkpoint opened at entrance to Shuafat|publisher=]|url=http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=249148|month=December | year=2011|accessdate=2012-02-20}}</ref><ref name=IrAmin>{{cite web|title=Jerusalem Neighborhood Profile: Shuafat Refugee Camp|publisher=]|url=http://www.ir-amim.org.il/Eng/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/ShuafatRefugeeCampEng(1).doc|month=August | year=2006|accessdate=2008-02-01|format=DOC}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| In a survey conducted as part of the research for the book ''Negotiating Jerusalem'' (2000), it was reported that 59% of Israeli Jews supported redefining the borders of the city of Jerusalem so as to exclude Arab settlements such as Shuafat, in order to ensure a "Jewish majority" in Jerusalem.<ref name=Segal>{{cite book|title=Negotiating Jerusalem|author=Jerome M. Segal|year=2000|publisher=SUNY Press|page=127|isbn=0-7914-4537-2|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=fK80bHmpXSUC&pg=PA127&dq=shuafat#PPA127,M1}}</ref> | In a survey conducted as part of the research for the book ''Negotiating Jerusalem'' (2000), it was reported that 59% of Israeli Jews supported redefining the borders of the city of Jerusalem so as to exclude Arab settlements such as Shuafat, in order to ensure a "Jewish majority" in Jerusalem.<ref name=Segal>{{cite book|title=Negotiating Jerusalem|author=Jerome M. Segal|year=2000|publisher=SUNY Press|page=127|isbn=0-7914-4537-2|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=fK80bHmpXSUC&pg=PA127&dq=shuafat#PPA127,M1}}</ref> | ||
| In July 2001, the Israeli authorities destroyed 14 homes under construction in Shuafat on the orders of then mayor ], who said the structures were built without |
In July 2001, the Israeli authorities destroyed 14 homes under construction in Shuafat on the orders of then mayor ], who said the structures were built without permits. No one was yet living in them.<ref></ref> The families acknowledged they do not own the land they built on, but believed they had permission to build there from Islamic Trust religious authorities. Olmert said the houses were being contructed on public land in a "green area." <ref name=LATimes>{{cite news|title=Israel Razes 14 Arab Homes at Refugee Camp|author=Tracy Wilkinson|date=July 10, 2001|page=in print edition A-4|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2001/jul/10/news/mn-20441|accessdate=2008-09-07 | work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>According to Isabel Kershner of the ], Shuafat suffered from an absence of municipal planning, overcrowding, and potholed roads in 2007.<ref name=Kershner/> | ||
| ⚫ | As prime minister, ] questioned whether the annexation of areas like Shuafat into the Jerusalem area was necessary.<ref name=Ynet>{{cite web|title=Olmert hints at possible concessions in Jerusalem|date=October 15, 2007|accessdate=2008-02-01|publisher=]|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3460183,00.html}}</ref> The Israeli initiative to transfer control of the area to the ] led to a split in the community: A camp official favored being under Palestinian sovereignty, while the neighborhood's ] rejected the plan, citing his residents' participation in Israeli elections as well as the danger of ]<ref name=jpost2>{{cite web|title=Shuafat area residents split over plan to divide Jerusalem in two|publisher=]|url=http://www.jpost.com/Features/Article.aspx?id=79115|month=October | year=2007|accessdate=2012-02-20}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ====Urban development==== | |||
| ⚫ | In 2012, Sorbonne scholar Prof. Sylvaine Bulle cited the Shuafat refugee camp for its urban renewal dynamic, seeing it as an example of a creative adaptation to the fragmented space of the camps towards creating a ] city, with businesses relocating from east Jerusalem there and new investment in commercial projects.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/their-shoafat-outshines-her-paris-1.255938 |title=Their Shoafat outshines her Paris |author=Esther Zandberg |date=2008-10-23 |publisher=HAARETZ |accessdate=2012-12-04}}</ref> | ||
| == Transportation == | == Transportation == | ||
Revision as of 13:08, 19 May 2013
Shu'fat (Template:Lang-ar Šuʿafāṭ), also Shuafat and Sha'fat, is a Palestinian Arab neighborhood of East Jerusalem, forming part of north-eastern Jerusalem. Located on the old Jerusalem-Ramallah road about three miles north of the Old City, Shu'fat has a population of 35,000 residents. Shu'fat refugee camp was established by King Hussein in 1965 to house Palestinian squatters from the Moroccan Quarter of the Old City.
Shu'fat borders Pisgat Ze'ev and Beit Hanina on the north, Shu'fat refugee camp on the east, French Hill on the south, and Ramat Shlomo on the west. Shu'fat is located in the part of the West Bank which was included in the municipal boundaries of Jerusalem after its occupation in 1967.
History
Antiquity
The place was known to the Canaanites and Crusaders as Dersophath;. Biblical identifications include Gebim, a village in north Jerusalem whose inhabitants fled the approaching Assyrian army, according to the Book of Isaiah, Mizpah in Benjamin, and Nob. Tell el-Ful, on the neighborhood's outskirts, is believed to have been King Saul's capital of ancient Israel at Gibeah. Jordan's King Hussein also built a palace here. Shuafat has been the site of intermittent habitation since at least 2000 BC, and a number of ancient artifacts have been discovered there.
The remains of a Crusader structure in the center of the village that was possibly a church.
Following a 1991 archaeological dig in Shuafat by Alexander Onn and Tzvi Greenhut, a room dating to the 2nd century BC was identified as a prayer room or synagogue, making one of the oldest ever found. However the site was can no longer be identified and has been questioned.
During an archaeological salvage dig conducted near the Shuafat refugee camp in preparation for the laying of the tracks for the Jerusalem Light Rail system, the remains of an ancient Roman settlement, dating back to the Roman Empire were discovered. The settlement was described as a 'sophisticated community impeccably planned by the Roman authorities, with orderly rows of houses and two fine public bathhouses to the north.' The findings are said be the first indication of an active Jewish settlement in the area of Jerusalem after the city fell in 70 A.D.. The main indication that the settlement was a Jewish one is the assemblage of stone vessels found there. Such vessels, for food storage and serving, were only used by Jews because they were believed not to transmit impurity. Archaeologists believe stone basins discovered at the site were used to hold ashes from the destroyed Temple.
Ottoman era
Local legend holds that the modern settlement was established several hundred years ago by immigrants from the Hejaz.
In 1596, the village was inhabited by eight Muslim families who paid taxes on wheat, barley, vineyards and other agricultural produce. In 1883 it was described as follows: "A small village, standing on a flat spur immediately west of the watershed, surrounded with olive-trees. It has wells to the north. There is a sacred chapel of Sultan Ibrahim in the village." The census of 1931 recorded 539 Muslims living there.
British Mandate era
The town of Shuafat was to be the most northernmost point of the corpus separatum proposed in 1947 for Jerusalem and its surrounding villages, which "in view of its association with three world religions" was to be "accorded special and separate treatment from the rest of Palestine and should be placed under effective United Nations control".
Jordanian era
During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni led the residents of Shuafat in an attack against the neighboring Jewish villages of Neve Yaakov and Atarot. However, the Jews received advanced warning of the attack and fled.In April 1948, the Palmach captured Shuafat in the course of Operation Yevusi but ultimately withdrew following a battle at the Tomb of Samuel. On 13 May, the villagers were expelled by the Arab Legion, which was preparing for battle in the area.
Shuafat was occupied by Jordan, which unilaterally annexed the West Bank and East Jerusalem in April 1950. In 1964, the Shuafat refugee camp was built by the UN to alleviate the crowded conditions in the Askar camp. In 1965, on the orders of King Hussein, the Red Cross transferred 500 Arab squatters from hovels in the burnt out Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, to the camp. According to David Bedein, Jordan intended to renovate the Jewish Quarter, but the plan became obsolete in the wake of the Six Day War in 1967.
State of Israel
After the Six-Day War, the town and refugee camp were annexed by Israel and became part of the Jerusalem municipal district. The residents were offered Israeli citizenship, but most refused it. Many accepted permanent residency status instead.
The Shuafat refugee camp is the only Palestinian refugee camp located inside Jerusalem or any other Israeli-administered area. While its residents carry Jerusalem identity cards, which grants them the same privileges and rights as regular Israelis, the camp itself is largely serviced by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, even though 40 - 50% of the camp's population are not registered refugees. The Israeli West Bank barrier was partially constructed between the camp and the rest of Shuafat and Jerusalem. Some health services are provided by Israeli clinics in the camp. The Israeli presence is limited to checkpoints controlling entry and exit. According to Ir Amim, the camp suffers from high crime because Israeli Police rarely enter due to security concerns, while the Palestinian Civil Police Force does not operate in Israeli-administered municipalities. Unlike other UN-run refugee camps, residents of Shuafat camp pay taxes to the Israeli authorities.
In a survey conducted as part of the research for the book Negotiating Jerusalem (2000), it was reported that 59% of Israeli Jews supported redefining the borders of the city of Jerusalem so as to exclude Arab settlements such as Shuafat, in order to ensure a "Jewish majority" in Jerusalem.
In July 2001, the Israeli authorities destroyed 14 homes under construction in Shuafat on the orders of then mayor Ehud Olmert, who said the structures were built without permits. No one was yet living in them. The families acknowledged they do not own the land they built on, but believed they had permission to build there from Islamic Trust religious authorities. Olmert said the houses were being contructed on public land in a "green area." According to Isabel Kershner of the New York Times, Shuafat suffered from an absence of municipal planning, overcrowding, and potholed roads in 2007.
As prime minister, Ehud Olmert questioned whether the annexation of areas like Shuafat into the Jerusalem area was necessary. The Israeli initiative to transfer control of the area to the Palestinian National Authority led to a split in the community: A camp official favored being under Palestinian sovereignty, while the neighborhood's mukhtar rejected the plan, citing his residents' participation in Israeli elections as well as the danger of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
Urban development
In 2012, Sorbonne scholar Prof. Sylvaine Bulle cited the Shuafat refugee camp for its urban renewal dynamic, seeing it as an example of a creative adaptation to the fragmented space of the camps towards creating a bricolage city, with businesses relocating from east Jerusalem there and new investment in commercial projects.
Transportation
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Three stations of the First 'Red' Line of the Jerusalem Light Rail are situated in Shuafat: Shuafat North, Shuafat Central and Shuafat South.
The neighbourhood’s Main Street, Shuafat Road, was previously part of route 60. In the 1990s a new route was built to the east of the neighbourhood, a dual carriageway with 3 lines in each direction, relieving traffic congestion along the road.
See also
References
- ^ Isabel Kershner (June 5, 2007). "Under a Divided City, Evidence of a Once United One". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
- T. Abowd, The Moroccan Quarter: A History of the Present, in: Jerusalem Quarterly File (Institute of Jerusalem Studies), no. 7 (2000), pp. 6-16 (retrieved October 16, 2012)
- ^ "New checkpoint opened at entrance to Shuafat". The Jerusalem Post. 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - "Jerusalem Neighborhood Profile: Shuafat Refugee Camp" (DOC). Ir Amim. 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Mariam Shahin (2005). Palestine: A Guide. Interlink Books. p. 334. ISBN 1-56656-557-X.
- ^ Denys Pringle (1997). Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological. Cambridge University Press. p. 94. ISBN 0-521-46010-7.
- Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans. 2000. p. 487. ISBN 0-8028-2400-5.
- ^ C. R. Conder, Survey of Western Palestine, Vol. III (1883) pp13-14.
- C. Geikie, The Holy Land and the Bible (1887), pp158–159.
- Discovering the World of the Bible, LaMar C. Berrett
- The Book of Acts in Its Palestinian Setting, Richard Bauckham
- The Cambridge History of Judaism: The late Roman-Rabbinic period, William David Davies, Louis Finkelstein, Steven T. Katz
- The ancient synagogue from its origins to 200 A.D.: Anders Runesson, Donald D. Binder, Birger Olsson
- The Ancient Synagogue: "Birthplace of Two World Religions"
- Amiram Barkat (2 January 2006). "Shuafat dig reveals first sign of Jewish life after destruction of Second Temple". Retrieved 2008-02-01.
- Beit Hanina Community Center
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977), Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century, Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, p. 120
- Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns, and Administrative Areas (1932), p43
- Paul Jacob Ignatius Maria de Waart (1994). Dynamics of Self-Determination in Palestine: Protection of Peoples As a. BRILL. p. 216. ISBN 90-04-08286-7.
- "American Newlyweds in Israel, 1948". American Jewish Historical Society. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
- Benny Morris (1987). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949. Cambridge University Press. pp. ]. ISBN 978-0-521-33889-9.
- Meron Benvenisti, Jerusalem: The Torn City, Isratypeset, 1976, p.69
- Beyond the Wall, Ir Amim Report, January 2007
- Doson, Nandita and Sabbah, Abdul Wahad (editors) Stories from our Mothers (2010), pp.18-19
- http://israelbehindthenews.com/Oct-13-98.htm
- "Jerusalem Neighborhood Profile: Shuafat Refugee Camp" (DOC). Ir Amim. 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Jerome M. Segal (2000). Negotiating Jerusalem. SUNY Press. p. 127. ISBN 0-7914-4537-2.
- Violence flares in Jerusalem as Israeli bulldozers destroy dozen 'illegal' homes
- Tracy Wilkinson (July 10, 2001). "Israel Razes 14 Arab Homes at Refugee Camp". Los Angeles Times. p. in print edition A-4. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
- "Olmert hints at possible concessions in Jerusalem". Ynet. October 15, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
- "Shuafat area residents split over plan to divide Jerusalem in two". The Jerusalem Post. 2007. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Esther Zandberg (2008-10-23). "Their Shoafat outshines her Paris". HAARETZ. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
- Stations
- "The Jerusalem Light Rail Map", Citypass, retrieved 2009-11-08
External links
- Why is the Shuafat Refugee Camp Seething?
- Shu'fat, articles from UNWRA
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31°48′55.00″N 35°13′48.00″E / 31.8152778°N 35.2300000°E / 31.8152778; 35.2300000
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