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Revision as of 08:57, 11 June 2013 editIncnis Mrsi (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers11,646 edits I thought about the comprehensive list for 3 and 4 year and, surprisingly, nobody did not come first with it← Previous edit Revision as of 14:04, 11 June 2013 edit undoIncnis Mrsi (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers11,646 edits betterNext edit →
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A '''spectral color''' is a ] that is evoked by a single ] of ] in the ], or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths. Every wavelength of light is perceived as a spectral color, in a continuous spectrum; the colors of sufficiently close wavelengths are indistinguishable. A '''spectral color''' is a ] that is evoked by a single ] of ] in the ], or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths. Every wavelength of light is perceived as a spectral color, in a continuous spectrum; the colors of sufficiently close wavelengths are indistinguishable.


The spectrum is often divided up into named colors, though any division is somewhat arbitrary: the spectrum is continuous. Traditional colors include: ], ], ], ], ], and ]. The spectrum is often divided up into named colors, though any division is somewhat arbitrary: the spectrum is continuous. Traditional colors include: ], ], ], ], ], and ].


The division used by ], in his ], was Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet; a ] for this order is ]. In modern divisions of the spectrum, ] is often omitted; see The division used by ], in his ], was Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet; a ] for this order is ]. In modern divisions of the spectrum, ] is often omitted; see
] for details. ] for details.

In ] color models a spectral color has the maximal ] among all colors of the same ].


==Non-spectral colors== ==Non-spectral colors==
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{{clear}} {{clear}}
== Table of spectral and near-spectral colors == == Table of spectral or near-spectral colors ==
Most of colors listed are not usually seen with the maximal ], but can be saturated enough to be perceived very nearly to their ] spectral color. Ranges of wavelengths and frequencies are only approximate. The only ]-implemented colors which might be spectral are its primaries: red, green, and blue. Most of colors listed do not reach the maximal (spectral) ], or are not usually seen with it, but they can be saturated enough to be perceived closely to their ] spectral colors. Ranges of wavelengths and frequencies are only approximate. The only ]-implemented colors which might be really spectral are its primaries: red, green, and blue.
{|class=wikitable align="center" {|class=wikitable align="center"
|  | 
!]!!Sample !]!!Sample
! Wavelength, ] ! ], ]
! ], ] ! ], ]
! ] ! ]
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| bgcolor="#CC3333" rowspan=2 |  | bgcolor="#CC3333" rowspan=2 | 
! colspan=2 style="text-align: left" |] ! colspan=2 style="text-align: left" |]
| align="right" |740–630 <ref>Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. N. Svoronos. ''CRC Handbook of Fundamental Spectroscopic Correlation Charts.'' CRC Press, 2005.<br>[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/specol.html#c1 Color</ref>
| align="right" |700–630 &nbsp;
| align="right" |430–480 &nbsp; | align="right" |405–480 &nbsp;
|<!-- range needed --> |<!-- range needed -->
|A traditional, broad color term |A traditional, broad color term, which includes some nearby non-spectral hues
|- |-
|• red (RGB) |• red (RGB)
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|- |-
| bgcolor="#FF8000" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#FF8000" |&nbsp;
! style="text-align: left" |]<br/>] ! style="text-align: left" |]<br/>&nbsp; ]
| bgcolor="#FF8000" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#FF8000" |&nbsp;
| align="right" |620–585 &nbsp; | align="right" |620–585 &nbsp;
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| align="right" |≈ 30° | align="right" |≈ 30°
|- |-
| bgcolor="#EEEE33" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#EEEE33" rowspan=5 |&nbsp;
! style="text-align: left" |] ! style="text-align: left" colspan=2 |]
| bgcolor="#FFFF00" |&nbsp;
| align="right" |585–560 &nbsp; | align="right" |585–560 &nbsp;
| align="right" |512–540 &nbsp; | align="right" |512–540 &nbsp;
|<!-- range needed -->
| align="right" |≈ 60°
|A traditional color term |A traditional color term
|-
|• yellow (])
| bgcolor="#FFD300" |&nbsp;
|?
|?
| align="right" |50°
|Munsell yellow and ] have almost identical chroma at h = 51°
|-
|• ] (canary) yellow
| bgcolor="#FFEF00" |&nbsp;
|?
|?
| align="right" |56°
|-
|• yellow (RGB)
| bgcolor="#FFFF00" |&nbsp;
|?
|?
| align="right" |60°
|-
|• ] yellow
| bgcolor="#DFFF00" |&nbsp;
|?
|?
| align="right" |68°
|- |-
| bgcolor="#BFFF00" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#BFFF00" |&nbsp;
!style="text-align: left"|] !style="text-align: left"|&nbsp; ]
| bgcolor="#BFFF00" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#BFFF00" |&nbsp;
| align="right" |564 &nbsp; | align="right" |≈ 564 &nbsp;
|? &nbsp; |? &nbsp;
| align="right" |≈ 75° | align="right" |≈ 75°
|May be classified as either green or yellow |May be classified as either green or yellow
|-
|-<!-- to be expanded. sorry, do not have time just now -->
| bgcolor="#33EE33" rowspan=1 |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#33EE33" rowspan=6 |&nbsp;
!style="text-align: left"|] ! style="text-align: left" colspan=2 |]
| bgcolor="#00FF00" |&nbsp;
| align="right" |560–??? &nbsp; | align="right" |560–??? &nbsp;
| align="right" |540–??? &nbsp; | align="right" |540–??? &nbsp;
|<!-- range needed -->
|≈ 120°
|A traditional, broad color term |A traditional, broad color term
|- |-
|• ] green
| bgcolor="#7FFF00" |&nbsp;
|?
|?
| align="right" |90°
|-
|• Bright green
| bgcolor="#66FF00" |&nbsp;
| align="right" |≈ 556 &nbsp;
|?
| align="right" |96°
|-
|-
|• ]
| bgcolor="#3FFF00" |&nbsp;
| align="right" |≈ 552 &nbsp;
|?
| align="right" |105°
|-
|• green (RGB)
| bgcolor="#00FF00" |&nbsp;
|?
|?
| align="right" |120°
|-
|• green (])
| bgcolor="#009F6B" |&nbsp;
|?
|?
| align="right" |160°
|Munsell green at h = 163° is nearby
|-
| bgcolor="#33CCCC" rowspan=5 |&nbsp;
! style="text-align: left" colspan=2 |&nbsp; ]
| align="right" |505–480 <ref name="cyan"> </ref>
| align="right" |593–624 &nbsp;
| align="right" |
|Sometimes included (or overlaps) with blue, terminological distinction between the two is inconsistent
|-
|• ] ''Blue''<sup></sup>
| bgcolor="#00FFEF" |&nbsp;
|?
|?
| align="right" |≈ 175°
|Most of "turquoise" lies far away of the spectrum
|-
|• cyan (RGB)
| bgcolor="#00FFFF" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#00FFFF" |&nbsp;
|?
!style="text-align: left"|]
|?
| bgcolor="#00FFFF" |&nbsp;
| align="right" |≈ 505 <ref name="cyan"> </ref>
| align="right" |≈ 593 &nbsp;
| align="right" |180° | align="right" |180°
|Sometimes classified as blue
|- |-
|• ''Blue''<sup></sup> of ]
| bgcolor="#3399FF" rowspan=4 |&nbsp;
!style="text-align: left" colspan=2 |]
| align="right" |490–450 &nbsp;
| align="right" |610–670 &nbsp;
|<!-- range needed -->
|A traditional, broad color term
|-
|• blue (])
| bgcolor="#0093AF" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#0093AF" |&nbsp;
|? &nbsp; |? &nbsp;
|? &nbsp; |? &nbsp;
| align="right" |190° | align="right" |190°
|-
|• ] cyan
| bgcolor="#00B7EB" |&nbsp;
|?
|?
| align="right" |193°
|-
| bgcolor="#3399FF" rowspan=3 |&nbsp;
!style="text-align: left" colspan=2 |]
| align="right" |490–450 &nbsp;
| align="right" |610–670 &nbsp;
|<!-- range needed -->
|A traditional, broad color term, which used to include cyan
|- |-
|• ] |• ]
| bgcolor="#007FFF" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#007FFF" |&nbsp;
| align="right" |≈ 488 <ref name="007fff">http://encycolorpedia.com/007fff</ref> | align="right" |≈ 488 <ref name="007fff">http://encycolorpedia.com/007fff</ref>
| align="right" |≈ 614 &nbsp; | align="right" |≈ 614 &nbsp;
| align="right" |≈ 210° | align="right" |≈ 210°
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|- |-
| bgcolor="#4000FF" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#4000FF" |&nbsp;
!style="text-align: left"|] !style="text-align: left"|&nbsp; ]
| bgcolor="#4000FF" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#4000FF" |&nbsp;
| colspan=4 align=center style="letter-spacing:0.125em"|definition is controversial | colspan=4 align=center style="letter-spacing:0.125em"|definition is controversial
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| bgcolor="#7F00FF" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#7F00FF" |&nbsp;
!style="text-align: left"|] !style="text-align: left"|]
| bgcolor="#7F00FF" |&nbsp; | bgcolor="#440099" |&nbsp;
| align="right" |450–400 &nbsp; | align="right" |450–400 &nbsp;
| align="right" |670–750 &nbsp; | align="right" |670–750 &nbsp;
|? |?
|Very dim and rarely seen |As spectral, is very dim and rarely seen. The term also extends to ]
|} |}


Revision as of 14:04, 11 June 2013

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Find sources: "Spectral color" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
The CIE xy chromaticity diagram. The spectral colors are the colors on the horseshoe-shaped curve on the outside of the diagram. All other colors are not spectral: the bottom straight line is the line of purples, while within the interior of the diagram are unsaturated colors that are various mixtures of a spectral color or a purple color with white, a grayscale color. White is in the central part of the interior of the diagram, since when all colors of light are mixed together, they produce white.

A spectral color is a color that is evoked by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths. Every wavelength of light is perceived as a spectral color, in a continuous spectrum; the colors of sufficiently close wavelengths are indistinguishable.

The spectrum is often divided up into named colors, though any division is somewhat arbitrary: the spectrum is continuous. Traditional colors include: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.

The division used by Isaac Newton, in his color wheel, was Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet; a mnemonic for this order is Roy G. Biv. In modern divisions of the spectrum, indigo is often omitted; see indigo #Classification as a spectral color for details.

In HSL and HSV color models a spectral color has the maximal saturation among all colors of the same hue.

Non-spectral colors

Among some of the colors that are not spectral colors are:

  • Grayscale (achromatic) colors, such as white, gray, and black
  • Any color obtained by mixing a gray-scale color and yet another color (either spectral one or not spectral), such as pink, which is a mixture of a reddish color and white.
  • Purple colors, which in color theory also include magenta colors, rose colors, and other colors on the line of purples, which are various mixtures of violet and red light.
  • Any CMYK color.

Table of spectral or near-spectral colors

Most of colors listed do not reach the maximal (spectral) colorfulness, or are not usually seen with it, but they can be saturated enough to be perceived closely to their dominant wavelength spectral colors. Ranges of wavelengths and frequencies are only approximate. The only RGB-implemented colors which might be really spectral are its primaries: red, green, and blue.

  Color term Sample Wavelength, nm Frequency, THz Hue Comments
  Red 740–630  405–480   A traditional, broad color term, which includes some nearby non-spectral hues
• red (RGB)   ? ? 0°
  Orange
  Amber 		  620–585   483–512   ≈ 30°
  Yellow 585–560   512–540   A traditional color term
• yellow (NCS)   ? ? 50° Munsell yellow and gold have almost identical chroma at h = 51°
• process (canary) yellow   ? ? 56°
• yellow (RGB)   ? ? 60°
• Chartreuse yellow   ? ? 68°
    Lime   ≈ 564   ?   ≈ 75° May be classified as either green or yellow
  Green 560–???   540–???   A traditional, broad color term
• Chartreuse green   ? ? 90°
• Bright green   ≈ 556   ? 96°
• Harlequin   ≈ 552   ? 105°
• green (RGB)   ? ? 120°
• green (NCS)   ? ? 160° Munsell green at h = 163° is nearby
    Cyan 505–480  593–624   Sometimes included (or overlaps) with blue, terminological distinction between the two is inconsistent
• Turquoise Blue   ? ? ≈ 175° Most of "turquoise" lies far away of the spectrum
• cyan (RGB)   ? ? 180°
• Blue of Munsell   ?   ?   190°
• process cyan   ? ? 193°
  Blue 490–450   610–670   A traditional, broad color term, which used to include cyan
• Azure   ≈ 488  ≈ 614   ≈ 210°
• blue (RGB)   ≈ 445   ≈ 674   240°
    Indigo   definition is controversial
  Violet   450–400   670–750   ? As spectral, is very dim and rarely seen. The term also extends to purples

See also

References

  1. Thomas J. Bruno, Paris D. N. Svoronos. CRC Handbook of Fundamental Spectroscopic Correlation Charts. CRC Press, 2005.
    [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/specol.html#c1 Color
  3. http://encycolorpedia.com/007fff
Category: