| Revision as of 20:14, 15 June 2013 editRjwilmsi (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers932,080 editsm cleanup of Category:Pages with citations having redundant parameters, using AWB (9262)← Previous edit | Revision as of 22:25, 8 July 2013 edit undoSpshu (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users30,712 edits →Executives: Ungar & AradNext edit → | ||
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| ===CEO=== | ===CEO=== | ||
| *] (?-November 1993) | |||
| *Avi Arad (November 1993-)<ref name=bc>Freeman, Mike. [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-14701883.html New world of animation: former Marvel Entertainment chief Rick Ungar will head new division concentrating on original animated series, including upcoming 'Stealth Warriors.' November 1, 1993. Broadcasting & Cable.</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | *William Bevins Jr.<ref name=cta>{{cite news|title=Company Town Annex: Marvel Entertainment President Quits| date=October 20, 1994 | url=http://articles.latimes.com/1994-10-20/business/fi-52641_1_bruce-stein|accessdate=November 5, 2011|newspaper=]|archiveurl=http://liveweb.archive.org/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-10-20/business/fi-52641_1_bruce-stein | archivedate=November 5, 2011|deadurl=no}}</ref> | ||
| *], Chief Executive Officer & Chairman October 1996-<ref name=chacb>{{cite book |title=A Complete History of American Comic Books |last=Rhoades |first=Shirrel |year= 2008|publisher=Peter Lang Publishing |location=New York City, New York |isbn= 978-1-4331-0107-6|pages=X–XI |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=O16BXbITZwEC&lpg=PP1&dq=A%20complete%20history%20of%20American%20comic%20books&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=2011-03-18 }}</ref> | *], Chief Executive Officer & Chairman October 1996-<ref name=chacb>{{cite book |title=A Complete History of American Comic Books |last=Rhoades |first=Shirrel |year= 2008|publisher=Peter Lang Publishing |location=New York City, New York |isbn= 978-1-4331-0107-6|pages=X–XI |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=O16BXbITZwEC&lpg=PP1&dq=A%20complete%20history%20of%20American%20comic%20books&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=2011-03-18 }}</ref> | ||
| *], CEO, October 1998<ref>{{cite web|title=Marvel Enterprises Announces New Board of Directors and Search for New CEO. |url = http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Marvel+Enterprises+Announces+New+Board+of+Directors+and+Search+for...-a053084801 | publisher=Marvel Entertainment Group ] | accessdate=13 April 2011}}</ref> - November 24, 1998 (from ToyBiz) | *], CEO, October 1998<ref>{{cite web|title=Marvel Enterprises Announces New Board of Directors and Search for New CEO. |url = http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Marvel+Enterprises+Announces+New+Board+of+Directors+and+Search+for...-a053084801 | publisher=Marvel Entertainment Group ] | accessdate=13 April 2011}}</ref> - November 24, 1998 (from ToyBiz) | ||
| Line 195: | Line 198: | ||
| *] 1975-1991<ref>{{cite news|last=Foerster|first=Jonathan|title=Business Monday: Marvel Comics' miracle man set up business' success | url = http://www.naplesnews.com/news/2010/may/30/business-monday-marvel-comics-miracle-man-set-busi/ |accessdate=31 August 2011 |newspaper=]|location = ], ] |date=May 30, 2010}}</ref> | *] 1975-1991<ref>{{cite news|last=Foerster|first=Jonathan|title=Business Monday: Marvel Comics' miracle man set up business' success | url = http://www.naplesnews.com/news/2010/may/30/business-monday-marvel-comics-miracle-man-set-busi/ |accessdate=31 August 2011 |newspaper=]|location = ], ] |date=May 30, 2010}}</ref> | ||
| *], ] (COO), 1993<ref>{{cite web|title=Marvel, Toy Biz & Avi Arad Form New Toy Company|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/MARVEL,+TOY+BIZ+%26+AVI+ARAD+FORM+NEW+TOY+COMPANY-a013130675|work=|publisher=Marvel Entertainment Group ]|accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> | *], ] (COO), 1993<ref>{{cite web|title=Marvel, Toy Biz & Avi Arad Form New Toy Company|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/MARVEL,+TOY+BIZ+%26+AVI+ARAD+FORM+NEW+TOY+COMPANY-a013130675|work=|publisher=Marvel Entertainment Group ]|accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> | ||
| *] (?-November 1993) | |||
| ⚫ | * |
||
| *Avi Arad (November 1993-)<ref name=bc/> | |||
| *Bruce Stein (-Nov. 1994) | |||
| *William Bevins Jr. (Nov. 1994-)<ref name=cta/> | |||
| *] (and vice chairman) - May 1995<ref name=chacb/> | *] (and vice chairman) - May 1995<ref name=chacb/> | ||
| *] May 1995-Mid 1996 & October 1998-November 1998<ref name=chacb/> | *] May 1995-Mid 1996 & October 1998-November 1998<ref name=chacb/> | ||
Revision as of 22:25, 8 July 2013
 | |
| Company type | Limited liability company Subsidiary |
|---|---|
| Industry | Entertainment |
| Predecessor | Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc. ToyBiz |
| Founded | June 1998 (1998-06) |
| Headquarters | New York City |
| Number of locations | Manhattan Beach, California & West Palm Beach, Florida, US City of Westminster, London, UK |
| Area served | US, UK |
| Key people | Isaac Perlmutter (CEO) EVP, Office of the Chief Executive: Alan Fine, John Turitzin Joe Quesada(CCO) |
| Products | Comics, Animation, Film |
| Services | Licensing |
| Number of employees | 255 |
| Parent | NYSE listed (1998-2009) The Walt Disney Company (2009-present) |
| Divisions | Marvel Toys |
| Subsidiaries | Marvel Studios Marvel Worldwide Marvel Characters More |
| Website | www |
Marvel Entertainment, LLC, formerly Marvel Enterprises and Toy Biz, Inc., is an American entertainment company formed from the merger of Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc. and Toy Biz, Inc. The company is known for its comic books and, as of the 2000s, films via its Marvel Studios.
In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Inc. for $4.24 billion. It has been a limited liability company (LLC) since then.
History
Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc.
| |
| Company type | Subsidiary then Public subsidiary (NYSE:MRV) |
|---|---|
| Industry | Entertainment |
| Genre | Superhero |
| Predecessor | Magazine Management |
| Defunct | June 1998 (1998-06) |
| Fate | bankrupt, merger |
| Successor | Marvel Enterprises |
| Products | Comics |
| Services | Licensing |
| Parent | Cadence Industries (1968-1986) New World Pictures (1986-1989) Andrews Group (1989–1997) Icahn Enterprises (1997) |
| Subsidiaries | Marvel Productions ToyBiz |
| Website | www |
Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc. (Marvel or MEG), the parent company of Marvel Comics and Marvel Productions, was put up for sale as part of the liquidation of its then parent corporation, Cadence Industries, and sold in 1986 to New World Pictures. In 1989, Ronald Perelman's MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings group of companies bought Marvel Entertainment Group from New World for $82.5 million, not including Marvel Productions, which was folded into New World's TV and movie business.
"It is a mini-Disney in terms of intellectual property," said Perelman. "Disney's got much more highly recognized characters and softer characters, whereas our characters are termed action heroes. But at Marvel we are now in the business of the creation and marketing of characters."
Going Public and acquisition
Marvel made an initial public offer of 40% of the stock (ticker symbol NYSE:MRV) in July 1991, giving $40 million from the proceeds to Andrews Group, Marvel's then direct parent corporation within MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings. Marvel purchased the trading card company Fleer within a year of going public. In April 1993, Marvel acquired 46% of ToyBiz, for the rights to make Marvel toys. The Andrews Group named Avi Arad of ToyBiz as the president and CEO of the Marvel Films division and of New World Family Filmworks, Inc., a New World Entertainment subsidiary. New World later became a fellow subsidiary of the Andrews Group.
In 1993 and 1994, Marvel's holding companies — Marvel Holdings, Inc. and Marvel Parent Holdings, Inc. — were formed between Andrews Group and MEG and issued over half a billion dollars in bonds under the direction of Perelman, secured by Marvel's rising stock, which was passed up in dividends to Perlman's group of companies. Marvel continued acquisitions with Panini, an Italian sticker-maker, in August 1994, and SkyBox International in April 1995.
Marvel also purchased Heroes World Distribution, a regional distributor to comic-book shops. Marvel's attempt to distribute its products directly led to a decrease in sales and aggravated the losses which Marvel suffered when the comic book bubble popped, the 1994 Major League Baseball strike massacred the profits of the Fleer unit, and Panini, whose revenue depended largely on Disney licensing, was hobbled by poor Disney showings at the box office.
While licensing revenue reached $50 million in 1995, MEG laid off 275 employees on January 4, 1996. Perelman offered to have the Andrews Group purchase additional shares with an issue for $350 million in November 1996 (the "Andrews Plan"), which would have required ToyBiz to become a wholly owned subsidiary of Marvel. Meanwhile, Carl Icahn began buying Marvel's bonds at 20% of their value and moved to block Perelman's plan. The Marvel group of companies filed for bankruptcy on December 27, 1996, but the noteholders, led by Icahn, blocked this.
Marvel Studios and bankruptcy
In August 1996, Marvel created Marvel Studios, an incorporation of Marvel Films, due to the sale of its film and TV sister company, New World Communications Group, to News Corporation/Fox. Filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to raise money to finance the new corporation, Marvel, Isaac Perlmutter's Zib, Inc. and Avi Arad sold Toy Biz stocks, which Marvel had started and took public in February 1995.
Icahn fought to take control of the company from Perelman, finally becoming Marvel's chairman on June 20, 1997. Bankruptcy proceedings continued with multi-way arguments among Perelman, Icahn, Toy Biz and the banks. Toy Biz owners Ike Perlmutter and Avi Arad, with the banks on their side, snatched Marvel from Perelman and Icahn, in order to protect their own financial interests. Comic-book analyst Chuck Rozanski estimated that Perelman made $200 to $400 million from Marvel, while Forbes magazine believes he made nothing; and the judge in the Marvel bankruptcy trial estimated that Perelman made $280 million plus various tax advantages. The judge ousted Icahn as Marvel's chairman in December 1997, naming a trustee to run Marvel while discussion continued between the various factions.
In June 1997, Marvel formed its Marvel Enterprise division, headed by president and CEO Scott C. Marden, to manage its trading card and sticker businesses, as well as Marvel Interactive, an Internet-entertainment and software-publishing company.
A lawsuit by bond holders and Marvel's litigation trustees was filed in 1997, accusing Perelman and other Marvel Board Directors of diverting $553.5 million in proceeds from 1993 and 1994 notes to other MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings' companies, prior to Marvel's 1996 bankruptcy. The lawsuit asked for $470.8 million in damages. The appellate court ruled that, “None of the proceeds went to Marvel, or were used for Marvel’s benefit”, but instead improperly enriched the directors. While denying any wrongdoing, Perelman agreed in August 2008 to settle for $80 million, which the trustees accepted. The settlement fund, after paying off trustees' and legal fees, administrative expenses and a $2 million loan, had $50 million to distribute to some Marvel Entertainment Group shareholders and unsecured creditors.
On February 18, 1998, Marvel and co-owner Universal Studios Hollywood opened Marvel Mania Restaurant near Universal Studios in California, as well as Planet Hollywood. However, Planet Hollywood had financial problems due to expanding too quickly, and closed Marvel Mania.
Marvel Enterprises
ToyBiz and Marvel Entertainment Group were merged into Marvel Enterprises to bring it out of bankruptcy in June 1998. As part of this merger plan, Fleer/SkyBox and Panini would be auctioned off separately.
Later, the rights to names like "Spider-Man" were being challenged. Toy Biz hired an attorney to review its license agreement. Los Angeles patent attorney Carole E. Handler found a legal loophole in the licensing of the Marvel name and was successful in reclaiming Marvel Enterprises' movie rights to its character Spider-Man.
In 2003, Bill Stine purchased back Quest Aerospace, a 1995 Toy Biz acquisition, from Marvel. In summer 2003, Marvel places an offer for Artisan Entertainment. A new unit, Marvel International, was set up in London under a president, Bruno Maglione, to extend the company's operation and presence in major overseas markets in November 2003. In December 2003, Marvel Entertainment acquired Cover Concepts from Hearst Communications, Inc. In November 2004, Marvel consolidated its children's sleepwear-apparel licensing business with American Marketing Enterprises, Inc.
In November 2004, the corporation sued South Korea-based NCSoft Corp. and San Jose, California-based Cryptic Studios Inc. over possible trademark infringement in their City of Heroes massive multiplayer online game. Marvel settled a film-royalties lawsuit in April 2005 with its former editor-in-chief and publisher, Stan Lee, paying him $10 million and negotiating an end to his royalties.
Marvel Entertainment
In September 2005, Marvel Enterprises changed its name to Marvel Entertainment to reflect the corporation's expansion into financing its own movie slate.
In 2007, several Stan Lee Media related groups filed lawsuits against Marvel Entertainment for $1 billion and for Lee's Marvel creations in multiple states most of which have been dismissed. Additionally, a lawsuit over ownership of the character Ghost Rider was filed on March 30, 2007, by Gary Friedrich and Gary Friedrich Enterprises, Inc.
Disney subsidiary
On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Entertainment for $4.24 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and about 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. The voting occurred on December 31, 2009 and the merger was approved. The acquisition of Marvel was finalized hours after the shareholder vote, therefore giving Disney full ownership of Marvel Entertainment. The company was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange under its ticker symbol (MVL), due to the closing of the deal.
On June 2, 2010 Marvel announced that it promoted Joe Quesada to Chief Creative Officer of Marvel Entertainment. In June 2010, Marvel set up a television division headed by Jeph Loeb as executive vice president. Three months later, Smith & Tinker licensed from Marvel the character rights for a superhero digital collectible game for Facebook and Apple's mobile platform. On October 1, 2010, Marvel moved its offices to a 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m) suite at 135 W. 50th Street, New York City, New York, under a nine-year sublease contract.
Stan Lee Media's lawsuit against Marvel was dismissed again in February 2011.
In July 2011, a U.S. District Court judge ruled that Marvel characters co-created by Jack Kirby would remain the property of Marvel.
In March 2013, Feld Entertainment agreed with Marvel to produce a Marvel Character based live arena show. Marvel was also launching a new pop culture and lifestyle web show, “Earth’s Mightiest Show”.
Units
Former
- Marvel Merchandising department/Heroes World Distribution Co. (early 1970s-1975/1994-1996)
- Malibu Comics (1994–1997)
- Marvel Books division (c.1985)
- Marvel Comics Ltd. (1972–1995; UK subsidiary)
- Marvel Films (1993-1996) (later Marvel Studios 1996–present)
- Marvel Mania Restaurant (Marvel Restaurant Venture Corp.)
- Marvel Enterprise division
- Marvel Interactive
- Online Entertainment (Marvel Zone)
- Software Publishing
- Fleer Corporation
- Panini Group: Italian sticker manufacturer
- SkyBox International
- Marvel Interactive
- Marvel Music Groups (1981-1989) music publishing subsidiary
- Marvel Productions (1981-1989)
- Mighty Marvel Music Corporation (1981-1989) music publishing subsidiary
- MLG Productions (2006-2011), Marvel & Liongate's subsidiary group for Marvel Animated Features
- Spider-Man Merchandising, L.P. (-2011): A joint venture of Marvel and Sony Pictures Consumer Products Inc. that owns the rights to Spider-Man movie related licensed products.
- Welsh Publishing: comic book publisher
As of 2012
The company's operating units include:
Divisions
- Marvel Toys (formerly Toy Biz)
- Marvel Custom Solutions, customized comic books
Subsidiaries
- Asgard Productions LLC (Delaware)
- Cover Concepts, Inc.
- Green Guy Toons LLC (Delaware)
- Marvel Entertainment International Limited (United Kingdom)
- Marvel Film Productions LLC (Delaware)
- Marvel Internet Productions LLC (Delaware)
- Marvel Studios (1996-) : a film and television production company
- Marvel Television (2010-)
- Marvel Animation (2008-): Subsidiary charged with oversight of Marvel's animation productions.
- MVL Productions LLC: film slate subsidiary
- Marvel Music (2005-)
- Marvel Television (2010-)
- Marvel Toys Limited (Hong Kong)
- Marvel Worldwide, Inc. publisher of Marvel Comics;
- MRV, Inc. (Delaware)
- MVL International C.V. (The Netherlands)
- MVL Film Finance LLC: holder of Marvel's Movie debt and theatrical film rights to the twelve characters and supporting characters as collateral.
- MVL Iron Works Productions Canada, Inc. (Province of Ontario)
- MVL Incredible Productions Canada, Inc. (Province of Ontario)
- Squad Productions LLC (Delaware)
- Intellectual property holding companies
- Iron Works Productions LLC, movie rights subsidiary
- Incredible Productions LLC (Delaware), movie rights subsidiary
- Marvel Characters, Inc.
- MVL Rights, LLC: subsidiary holding movie rights of all Marvel Characters with film slate on contract with MVL Film Finance
- Marvel Characters B.V. (The Netherlands)
- Marvel International Character Holdings LLC (Delaware)
- Marvel Property, Inc. (Delaware) incorporated 12/2/1986 (formerly Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc.)
- MVL Development LLC (Delaware), rights subsidiary
Executives
CEO
- Rick Ungar (?-November 1993)
- Avi Arad (November 1993-)
- William Bevins Jr.
- Scott Sassa, Chief Executive Officer & Chairman October 1996-
- Joseph Ahearn, CEO, October 1998 - November 24, 1998 (from ToyBiz)
- Eric Ellenbogen, CEO, November 24, 1998 - ?
- F. Peter Cuneo, CEO, July 1999 - December 2002
- Allen Lipson, CEO (December 2002 - January 1, 2005)
- Office of the Chief Executive
- Isaac Perlmutter, CEO, (January 1, 2005-present)
- Executive Vice Presidents:
- Alan Fine (April 2009 – present) also, chair of Marvel's Creative Committee
- John Turitzin (September 2006 – present)
- David Maisel (September 2006-December 31, 2009)
President
- Stan Lee 1972-1973
- Al Landau 1973-1977
- Jim Galton 1975-1991
- Terry Stewart, Chief Operating Officer (COO), 1993
- Rick Ungar (?-November 1993)
- Avi Arad (November 1993-)
- Bruce Stein (-Nov. 1994)
- William Bevins Jr. (Nov. 1994-)
- Terry Stewart (and vice chairman) - May 1995
- Jerry Calabrese May 1995-Mid 1996 & October 1998-November 1998
- Scott C. Marden (interim) Mid 1996-September 1996
- David Schreff (Chief Operating Officer) September 1996 -
- Joseph Calamari - October 1998
- Eric Ellenbogen November 1998 - July 1999
- F. Peter Cuneo (July 1999-February 2000)
- Bill Jemas February 2000 -2003
Others
- See subsidiaries' articles for their executives.
- Bruno Maglione, President of Marvel International November 2003 -
- Morton E. Handel, Chairman of the board, October 1998 – 2009
- Joe Quesada, Chief Creative Officer (2010–present)
See also
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References
- ^ Raviv, Dan (April 2002). Comic Wars. Broadway Books, Random House, Heroes Books. ISBN 0-7679-0830-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link) page numbers? - ^ Fritz, Ben (September 23, 2009). "Disney tells details of Marvel Entertainment acquisition in a regulatory filing". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
{{cite news}}:|archive-url=is malformed: liveweb (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Hicks, Jonathan (November 8, 1988). "The Media Business; Marvel Comic Book Unit Being Sold for $82.5 Million". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings Inc.". International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 28. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale / St. James Press, via FundingUniverse.com. 1999. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "Marvel Entertainment and Avi Arad to Develop Media Projects". Marvel Entertainment Group press release. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
- ^ "Perelman to Settle Marvel Suit". The New York Times. Bloomberg News. August 7, 2008. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
- A minority of dissidents maintain no bubble existed. Rozanski, Chuck. "The Vicious Downward Spiral of the 1990s". Tales from the Database. Mile High comics. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
- Lott, Jeremy (2002). "Smash! Pow! Bam!". Reason Magazine. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
- ^ Raviv, pp. 38-39
- Leonhardt, David (22 January 1996). "What Evil Lurks in the Heart of Ron?". Business Week. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Hass, Nancy (1996-08-11). "Marvel sets up division to put its own characters into movies". The New York Times.
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- Roznski, Chuck. "Perelman's Team Nearly Destroyed the Entire World of Comics". Mile High Comics. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
- Miller, Matthew (2005). "Don't Mess With Me". The Forbes 400. Forbes Publishing. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
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- Rhoades, Shirrel. Comic Books: How the Industry Works. New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing. p. 204.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - "Marvel & Toy Biz Sign Letter of Intent". Marvel Entertainment Group press release. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
- Carole E. Handler
- Shprintz, Janet. "Spider-Man's legal web may finally be unraveled, Judge tying up Marvel's loose ends", Variety, August 19, 1998.
- Comics 2 Film
- Guardian Unlimited, Court web snares Spider-Man, April 27, 2003
- Bing, Jonathan. "Inside Move: Rights snares had Spidey suitors weaving", Variety, May 19, 2002: "Marvel lawyer Carole Handler found a legal loophole: The original sale to Cannon hadn't been registered with the U.S. Copyright Office, so rights reverted to Marvel."
- "NARCON 2011 Presentations". NARCON. Washington Aerospace Club. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- Farrow, Boyd (April 16, 2004). "New York-Based Marvel Enterprises Launches London-Based International Division". Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
- ^ "Publishing Industry Soundbytes: People". The Write News. November 21, 2003. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
- "Marvel Acquires Cover Concepts to Extend Demographic Reach; Acquisition Extends Reach of Marvel's Publishing Operations to 30 Million Public School Children". BNet. 2003-12-18. Retrieved 2008-05-14.
- "Marvel Consolidates Sleepwear Licensing Business with Industry Leader American Marketing Enterprises -AME-". Business Wire. FindArticles.com. 04 March 2011.
- "Marvel sues over online role-playing game". msnbc.com. NBC. 12. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=and|year=/|date=mismatch (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - "Marvel Settles Suit With Lee". Los Angeles Times. Bloomberg News. April 29, 2005. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- Vincent, Roger (September 06, 2005|). "Marvel to Make Movies Based on Comic Books". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Gardner, Eriq. "Marvel Dodges Bullet as $1 Billion Lawsuit over Stan Lee Company Is Dismissed", The Hollywood Reporter, February 9, 2011.
- "'Ghost Rider' creator sues over copyright". Reuters. 2007-04-10.
- Wilkerson, David B. "Disney to acquire Marvel Entertainment for $4B". MarketWatch.com. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
- Donley, Michelle (December 31, 2009). "Marvel Shareholders OK Disney Acquisition". MarketWatch.com.
- Disney Completes Marvel Acquisition, Fox Business, December 31, 2009
- "Marvel's Joe Quesada Promoted to Chief Creative Officer", Newsarama, June 2, 2010
- Andreeva, Nellie (June 28, 2010). "Marvel Entertainment Launches TV Division". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "Smith & Tinker to Unleash Marvel Collectible Game Online". Market Wire. FindArticles.com. 04 March 2011.
- "Marvel Signs 60,000 S/F Sublease". Real Estate Weekly via FindArticles.com. September 22, 2010. Retrieved March 04, 2011.
{{cite magazine}}:|archive-url=is malformed: liveweb (help); Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Neumeister, Larry (July 28, 2011). "NY judge: Marvel wins Spider-Man, X-Men lawsuit". Eagle Herald. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- "Marvel, circus company join forces for superhero arena show". Los Angeles Times. March 13, 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
- Schmuckler, Eric (February 11–22, 1985). "Clash of the Comic Book Giants". New York City Business. New York, NY. p. 28. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Keppel, Bruce (November 21, 1986). "Cadence Selling Comic-Book, Animation Unit : New World Pictures to Acquire Marvel". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
{{cite news}}:|archive-url=is malformed: liveweb (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "New World Entertainment Inc. Completes Sale of Marvel for $82.5 Million; Company Begins 1989 With Busy Schedule and Further Debt Reduction". PR Newswire. January 25, 1989. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^ "NWCG [New World Communications Group] Holdings Corp. Form 10-K405". SEC Info, Fran Finnegan & Company. Retrieved 2011-11-05.
- DeMott, Rick (December 3, 2007). "Ratatouille Cooks Up Most Annie Nominations". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "Marvel Animation: The Future". ComicsContinuum.com. January 23, 2007. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Kim, Susanna (8 June 8, 2013). "Captain America Comic Pitches Skin Care Products". ABC News. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Phegley, Kiel (2 July 2010). "Jeph Loeb Talks Marvel TV". comicbookresources.com. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
- Moody, Annemarie (April 21, 2008). "Marvel Promotes Eric Rollman To President, Marvel Animation". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "Marvel Animation, Inc". Division of Corporations Entity database. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ "Form 8-K SEC File 1-13638". SEC Info, Fran Finnegan & Company. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
- ^ "EXCLUSIVE LICENSE AGREEMENT BETWEEN MVL RIGHTS LLC AND MARVEL CHARACTERS, INC". RealDealDocs. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
- "2010 Amended Annual Franchise Tax Report, Marvel Music, Inc". State of Delaware: Department of State: Division of Corporations. Retrieved 4 October 2011. Note: Secure site: File number 4034835 must be entered.
- "Marvel Launches Independent Film Slate". Marvel Entertainment, Inc. press release. September 5, 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-11-11. Retrieved 2007-11-26.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Marvel Entertainment FORM 8-K". RealDealDocs. 29. p. 6. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
Sec.3 (d) a fully-executed assignment agreement, in substantially the form of the Assignment Agreement dated as of August 30, 2005 by and among MEI, Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc. and MCI, assigning MEI's, Marvel Property, Inc.'s (formerly known as Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc.) and MVL Development LLC 's rights in the Unencumbered Characters to MCI;
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=and|year=/|date=mismatch (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - "Form 10-K 2/28/08 EX-21 • Subsidiaries of the Registrant". SEC Info, Fran Finnegan & Company. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
- "MARVEL PROPERTY, INC". General Information Name Search. State of Delaware Department of State: Division of Corporations. Retrieved 25 June 2012. Note: Secure site: File number 2109460 must be entered.
- ^ Freeman, Mike. [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-14701883.html New world of animation: former Marvel Entertainment chief Rick Ungar will head new division concentrating on original animated series, including upcoming 'Stealth Warriors.' November 1, 1993. Broadcasting & Cable.
- ^ "Company Town Annex: Marvel Entertainment President Quits". Los Angeles Times. October 20, 1994. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
{{cite news}}:|archive-url=is malformed: liveweb (help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Rhoades, Shirrel (2008). A Complete History of American Comic Books. New York City, New York: Peter Lang Publishing. pp. X–XI. ISBN 978-1-4331-0107-6. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
- "Marvel Enterprises Announces New Board of Directors and Search for New CEO". Marvel Entertainment Group press release. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
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- "Marvel Enterprises Names New CEO". Bloomberg News. September 17, 2002. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
- ^ Weiland, Jonah (2004-10-15). "Isaac Perlmutter New CEO Marvel Enterprises". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved 2008-03-18.
- "Marvel Promotes Alan Fine". ICV2. 2009-04-28. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- ^ Szalai, Georg. "Marvel GC Upped to Shared Executive Post". AllBusiness.com. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
- "Marvel Studios' David Maisel to step down after Disney deal". Los Angeles Times. December 7, 2009. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
- Ro, Ronin (2004). Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee and the American Comic Book Revolution. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-58234-566-6.
- Lee, Stan, and Mair, George. Excelsior!: The Amazing Life of Stan Lee (Fireside, 2002), p.5. ISBN 0-684-87305-2
- Foerster, Jonathan (May 30, 2010). "Business Monday: Marvel Comics' miracle man set up business' success". Naples Daily News. Naples, Florida. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
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- Langshaw, Mark (Oct 25 2011). "Wizard Comics joins forces with ex-Marvel president Bill Jemas". Digital Spy. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
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