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* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1965}}|end_date={{End date|1966}}|location=}} {{nowrap|(Linz version)}} * {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1965}}|end_date={{End date|1966}}|location=}} {{nowrap|(Linz version)}}
* {{nowrap|{{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1890}}|end_date={{End date|1891}}|location=}} (Vienna version)}} * {{nowrap|{{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1890}}|end_date={{End date|1891}}|location=}} (Vienna version)}}
* {{Start date|1893}} (first edition)
}}
⚫ | performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1868|05|09|df=y}}|location=]}}, {{nowrap|Bruckner conducting}}
⚫ | published = {{plainlist|
* 1893
* 1935 ed. Robert Haas
* 1953 Leopold Nowak
* 1980 ed. Günther Brosche
* ed. William Carragan
}} }}
⚫ | performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1868|05|09|df=y}}|location=]}}
⚫ | published = 1893
| first_recording = ], Austria State Symphony Orchestra, 1950 | first_recording = ], Austria State Symphony Orchestra, 1950
}} }}

Revision as of 02:55, 23 July 2013

Symphony No. 1
by Anton Bruckner
A portrait of Anton Bruckner, c. 1860
KeyC minor
CatalogueWAB 101
Composed
  • 1965 (1965) – 1966 (1966): (Linz version)
  • 1890 (1890) – 1891 (1891): (Vienna version)
DedicationUniversity of Vienna
Performed9 May 1868 (1868-05-09): Linz
Published1893
RecordedVolkmar Andreae, Austria State Symphony Orchestra, 1950
Movements4

Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 1 in C minor (WAB 101) was the first symphony the composer thought worthy of performing, and bequeathing to the Vienna national library. Chronologically, it comes after the Study Symphony in F minor and before Symphony in D minor ("No. 0"). The first version of the Symphony No. 2 in C minor was completed after the Symphony in D minor.

The Symphony No. 1 was premiered under Bruckner in 1868. It was dedicated to the University of Vienna, after Bruckner was granted an honorary doctorate in 1891.

Bruckner gave it the nickname "das kecke Beserl", roughly translated as "saucy maid".

Description

The symphony has four movements.

  1. Allegro (C minor)
  2. Adagio (A-flat major)
  3. Scherzo: Lebhaft (G minor) – Trio: Langsam (G major)
  4. Finale: Bewegt und feurig (C minor)

The choice of keys for the first two movements mirrors Beethoven's choice for his Fifth Symphony, but Bruckner has the timpani retune to A flat and E flat.

Versions

Early draft (1865/1866)

Prior to the completion of the 1866 version, Bruckner composed earlier forms of the Adagio and the Scherzo. These earlier Adagio and Scherzo were edited in 1995 by Wolfgang Grandjean.

The Adagio was first conceived in classical sonata form with development, but Bruckner finally decided in favour of a three-part structure with an elaborately composed middle section. This early Adagio is partially orchestrated (no trumpets or trombones). The recapitulation of the second subject is only sketched by the woodwinds, and three bars are missing before the—on the contrary—fully orchestrated close of the movement.

In the leaflet of his recording of the 1866 Version Tintner mentions: "he earlier very short Scherzo, which Bruckner discarded before 1866 (because of its brevity?) with chromatic syncopation, is perhaps more interesting ". The early Scherzo is also not fully orchestrated (no trumpets or trombones). For the Linz version Bruckner wrote a completely new Scherzo, but kept the Trio unchanged.

1866 version

The first version of the symphony, written by Bruckner in Linz and first performed under his baton in 1868. Sometimes known as the unrevised Linz version, this is available in an edition by William Carragan. It has been recorded by Georg Tintner.

1877 version

Although often also called the "Linz" version, this was in fact made in Vienna. It is available in editions by Robert Haas (published 1935) and Leopold Nowak (published 1953). The vast majority of recordings, including the famous one featuring Eugen Jochum conducting the Dresden Staatskapelle, are of one of these two editions.

1891 version

Known as the "Vienna" version, this is considerably different from the 1877 and 1866 versions. It is available in an edition by Günther Brosche, published in 1980. It has been recorded by Riccardo Chailly, Gennadi Rozhdestvensky and Günter Wand.

1893 first published edition

Edited by Doblinger under the supervision of Cyrill Hynais, this has very few differences from the 1891 version. It has been recorded by F. Charles Adler, Volkmar Andreae and Fritz Zaun (scherzo only).

Instrumentation

The score calls for a pair each of flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, timpani, and strings, with an extra flute in the Adagio.

Discography

The first commercial recording was by Fritz Zaun with the Berlin State Opera Orchestra in 1934. It included only the scherzo, in the 1893 first published version.

The first commercial recording of the entire symphony was by Volkmar Andreae with the Lower Austrian Tonkünstler Orchestra in 1950, also using the first published version.

Notable recordings

Early draft of 1865/1866

There is no commercially available recording yet of the early Adagio and Scherzo. Midi-files have been prepared by Joan Schukking. A synth version of the Scherzo can also be heard at Classical Composers.

Version of 1866 (Linzer)

Version of 1877 (Linzer revised)

Version of 1891 (Wiener)

  • Volkmar Andreae conducting the Austria State Symphony Orchestra, Forgotten Records, 1950 (Doblinger/1893)
  • Charles Adler conducting the Vienna Orchestra Society, Forgotten Records, 1955 (Doblinger/1893)
  • Günter Wand conducting the Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra, EMI, 1981 (Brosche/1980)
  • Leon Botstein conducting the American Symphony Orchestra, American Symphony Download, 2003 (Brosche/1980)

References

  1. ^ Anton Bruckner Critical Complete Edition - Symphony No. 1 in C minor
  2. William Carragan - Time analysis versions 1866 and 1877
  3. Midi-files of the early Adagio and Scherzo
  • Kraus (1997) Joseph C. "Phrase rhythm in Bruckner's early orchestral scherzi" Cambridge. Bruckner Studies edited by Timothy L. Jackson and Paul Hawkshaw. Cambridge University Press

External links

Template:Bruckner symphonies

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