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| The '''Farman III''', also known as '''Henry Farman 1909 biplane''', was an early French aircraft, designed and built by ]<ref> History and photos</ref><ref name=f235>http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1909/1909%20-%200233.html Flight April 24, 1909, p. 235].</ref> in 1909. Its design was widely imitated, so much so that aircraft of similar layout were generally referred to as being of the |
The '''Farman III''', also known as '''Henry Farman 1909 biplane''', was an early French aircraft, designed and built by ]<ref> History and photos</ref><ref name=f235>http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1909/1909%20-%200233.html Flight April 24, 1909, p. 235].</ref> in 1909. Its design was widely imitated, so much so that aircraft of similar layout were generally referred to as being of the Farman type. | ||
| ==Design and development== | ==Design and development== | ||
| Henry Farman's first aircraft had been bought from the ] brothers in 1907. Soon after his first flights Farman begun to modify and improve the design of the aircraft which was known as either the |
Henry Farman's first aircraft had been bought from the ] brothers in 1907. Soon after his first flights Farman begun to modify and improve the design of the aircraft which was known as either the Farman I or ]. During 1908 Farman re-covered the aircraft with 'Continental' rubberized fabric and added the side -curtains and it was re-designated the Farman I-bis.<ref>Opdycke, 1999, p. 264.</ref> During 1908 the Voisin brothers built him another aircraft, to be called the Farman II, incorporating refinements of the design to Farman's specification. However, Voisin sold this aircraft to ].<ref>, ] 28 May 1964, p. 895.</ref> Brabazon subsequently exported the aircraft to England, where it became known as the ''Bird of Passage''. | ||
| This episode naturally angered Farman, and caused him to break his association with Voisin in early 1909 and start aircraft construction for himself, and he designed and built the |
This episode naturally angered Farman, and caused him to break his association with Voisin in early 1909 and start aircraft construction for himself, and he designed and built the Farman III. The Farman III was also a pusher biplane with a single forward elevator and originally had a cellular tailplane and ] on all four wing panels. It first flew in April 1909 powered by a 50 hp (37 kW) Vivinus 4-cylinder inline engine. Farman soon introduced an open tailplane with trailing rudders and an extended-span upper wing and a lightweight four-wheel landing gear. Farman also replaced the engine with the new and more reliable 50 hp (37 kW) ] ]. | ||
| The Farman III had enormous influence on European aircraft design, especially in England. Drawings and details of the aircraft were published in England by ]<ref> ] 26 October 1909</ref> and it was so widely imitated that its layout became referred to as the |
The Farman III had enormous influence on European aircraft design, especially in England. Drawings and details of the aircraft were published in England by '']'' magazine,<ref> '']'' magazine 26 October 1909</ref> and it was so widely imitated that its layout became referred to as the Farman Type. Among these aircraft are the ], the ] and the ]; the Bristol aircraft was so close to Farman's design that he considered legal action.<!-- but why? wheels? ailerons? Gnome? sources needed --Probably because Bristol had enough money behind them to be worth suing. Of course that also meant they could afford good lawyers--> | ||
| Farman was rewarded by commercial success, and many examples of the type were sold. Farman III aircraft were also built in Germany by the albatros FlugzeugWerke at Jonannistal as the |
Farman was rewarded by commercial success, and many examples of the type were sold. Farman III aircraft were also built in Germany by the albatros FlugzeugWerke at Jonannistal as the Albatros F-2. | ||
| ==Records== | ==Records== | ||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
| ==Differences from Maurice Farman biplane== | ==Differences from Maurice Farman biplane== | ||
| Henry Farman's brother, ], constructed his own biplane slightly earlier in 1909.<ref name=f78>.</ref> It first flew in February 1909.<ref>http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1909/1909%20-%200090.html</ref> Both machines were derived from the ], all having similar configurations.<ref name=f78/> Henry's aircraft differed from Maurice's in lacking the pilot's ], and not using Renault inline engine.<ref name=f78/><ref name=cts>{{cite book|pages=42–45|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tDmR7DhM_uEC&pg=PA43|title=Contact! The Story of the Early Aviators|isbn=978-0-486-42327-2|author1=Villard|first1=Henry|date=2002-12-11}}</ref> Maurice and Henry |
Henry Farman's brother, ], constructed his own biplane slightly earlier in 1909.<ref name=f78>.</ref> It first flew in February 1909.<ref>http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1909/1909%20-%200090.html</ref> Both machines were derived from the ], all having similar configurations.<ref name=f78/> Henry's aircraft differed from Maurice's in lacking the pilot's ], and not using Renault inline engine.<ref name=f78/><ref name=cts>{{cite book|pages=42–45|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tDmR7DhM_uEC&pg=PA43|title=Contact! The Story of the Early Aviators|isbn=978-0-486-42327-2|author1=Villard|first1=Henry|date=2002-12-11}}</ref> Maurice and Henry began to collaborate closely in 1912.<ref name=cts/> | ||
| ==Specifications (1909 standard type)== | ==Specifications (1909 standard type)== | ||
Revision as of 01:26, 27 October 2013
| Farman III | |
|---|---|
| |
| Louis Paulhan in his Farman III at Dominguez Field, Los Angeles 1910 | |
| Role | Pusher biplaneType of aircraft |
| National origin | France |
| Manufacturer | Farman |
| Designer | Henry Farman |
| First flight | April 1909 |
The Farman III, also known as Henry Farman 1909 biplane, was an early French aircraft, designed and built by Henry Farman in 1909. Its design was widely imitated, so much so that aircraft of similar layout were generally referred to as being of the Farman type.
Design and development
Henry Farman's first aircraft had been bought from the Voisin brothers in 1907. Soon after his first flights Farman begun to modify and improve the design of the aircraft which was known as either the Farman I or Voisin-Farman I. During 1908 Farman re-covered the aircraft with 'Continental' rubberized fabric and added the side -curtains and it was re-designated the Farman I-bis. During 1908 the Voisin brothers built him another aircraft, to be called the Farman II, incorporating refinements of the design to Farman's specification. However, Voisin sold this aircraft to J.T.C. Moore-Brabazon. Brabazon subsequently exported the aircraft to England, where it became known as the Bird of Passage.
This episode naturally angered Farman, and caused him to break his association with Voisin in early 1909 and start aircraft construction for himself, and he designed and built the Farman III. The Farman III was also a pusher biplane with a single forward elevator and originally had a cellular tailplane and "single-acting" ailerons on all four wing panels. It first flew in April 1909 powered by a 50 hp (37 kW) Vivinus 4-cylinder inline engine. Farman soon introduced an open tailplane with trailing rudders and an extended-span upper wing and a lightweight four-wheel landing gear. Farman also replaced the engine with the new and more reliable 50 hp (37 kW) Gnome Omega rotary engine.
The Farman III had enormous influence on European aircraft design, especially in England. Drawings and details of the aircraft were published in England by Flight magazine, and it was so widely imitated that its layout became referred to as the Farman Type. Among these aircraft are the Bristol Boxkite, the Short S.27 and the Howard Wright 1910 Biplane; the Bristol aircraft was so close to Farman's design that he considered legal action. Farman was rewarded by commercial success, and many examples of the type were sold. Farman III aircraft were also built in Germany by the albatros FlugzeugWerke at Jonannistal as the Albatros F-2.
Records
In late 1909, Henry Farman established two world distance records with flights of 180 km (110 mi) in just under 3 hours 5 minutes at Rheims on August 27 and 232 km (144 mi) in 4 hours 17 minutes and 53 seconds at Mourmelon on November 3.
Differences from Maurice Farman biplane
Henry Farman's brother, Maurice Farman, constructed his own biplane slightly earlier in 1909. It first flew in February 1909. Both machines were derived from the Voisin 1907 biplane, all having similar configurations. Henry's aircraft differed from Maurice's in lacking the pilot's nacelle, and not using Renault inline engine. Maurice and Henry began to collaborate closely in 1912.
Specifications (1909 standard type)
Data from
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
Performance
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References
Notes
- Monash University: Hardgrave Histories - Heny Farman History and photos
- http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1909/1909%20-%200233.html Flight April 24, 1909, p. 235].
- Opdycke, 1999, p. 264.
- "Brab's" First Flights, Flight magazine 28 May 1964, p. 895.
- Drawing of Farman Biplane Flight magazine 26 October 1909
- ^ Flight February 6, 1909, p. 78.
- http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1909/1909%20-%200090.html
- ^ Villard, Henry (2002-12-11). Contact! The Story of the Early Aviators. pp. 42–45. ISBN 978-0-486-42327-2.
- Orbis 1985, p. 1734
Bibliography
- Opdycke, Leonard E French Aeroplanes Before the Great War Atglen, PA: Schiffer 1999 ISBN 0-7643-0752-5
- Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions.
- The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). Orbis Publishing.
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External links
| Aviation lists | |
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| General | |
| Military | |
| Accidents / incidents | |
| Records | |