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{{BLP primary sources|date=December 2013}} {{BLP primary sources|date=December 2013}}
===Autism === ===Autism ===
Baron-Cohen was lead author of the first<ref name=sfari>{{cite web |url= https://sfari.org/news-and-opinion/classic-paper-reviews/2008/1985-paper-on-the-theory-of-mind-commentary-by-rebecca-saxe |title= 1985 paper on the theory of mind |author= Saxe, Rebecca |date= 2008-05-09 |accessdate= 2013-12-28 |publisher= SFARI: Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative}} </ref> study of children with ] and delays in the development of a ].<ref name=sfari/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Baron-Cohen S, Leslie AM, Frith U|title=Does the autistic child have a 'theory of mind'? |journal=Cognition |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=37–46 |year=1985 |doi=10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 |pmid=2934210 |url=http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/~aleslie/Baron-Cohen%20Leslie%20&%20Frith%201985.pdf |format = PDF }}</ref> His doctoral research was in collaboration with his supervisor ].<ref name=PMC2409181/> Baron-Cohen was lead author of the first<ref name=sfari>{{cite web |url= https://sfari.org/news-and-opinion/classic-paper-reviews/2008/1985-paper-on-the-theory-of-mind-commentary-by-rebecca-saxe |title= 1985 paper on the theory of mind |author= Saxe, Rebecca |date= 2008-05-09 |accessdate= 2013-12-28 |publisher= SFARI: Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative}} </ref> study of children with ] and delays in the development of a ].<ref name=sfari/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Baron-Cohen S, Leslie AM, Frith U|title=Does the autistic child have a 'theory of mind'? |journal=Cognition |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=37–46 |year=1985 |doi=10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 |pmid=2934210 |url=http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/~aleslie/Baron-Cohen%20Leslie%20&%20Frith%201985.pdf |format = PDF }}</ref> His doctoral research was in collaboration with his supervisor ].<ref name=PMC2409181/> Baron-Cohen's research over the subsequent 10 years provided much of the evidence for the ToM deficit hypothesis, <ref>http://www.amazon.co.uk/Autism-An-Introduction-Psychological-Theory/dp/1857282302</ref> <ref> {{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}}http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19338503</ref> culminating in three edited anthologies (Understanding Other Minds, 1993, 2000, 2013).<ref>http://www.amazon.co.uk/Understanding-Other-Minds-Perspectives-Developmental/dp/0198524455</ref><ref> {{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}} http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199692972.do</ref> His research group linked the origins of the ToM deficit to joint attention (Brit J. Dev Psychol, 1987) and proposed that absence of joint attention at 18 months is a predictor of later autism.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=baron-cohen+1996+british+journal+of+psychiatry</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=baron-cohen+1992+british+journal+of+psychiatry</ref> Based on these and other findings, he proposed a model of the development of 'mindreading' in the monograph 'Mindblindness' (1995, MIT Press). In the late 1990s Baron-Cohen developed the hypothesis that typical sex differences may provide a ] and psychological understanding of autism (the ]). The theory proposes that autism is an extreme of the male brain.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=baron-cohen+2011+plos+biology </ref><ref> {{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}} http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12039606</ref> This led to him situating ToM within the broader domain of ], and to the development of a new construct (systemizing).<ref>http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Essential-Difference-Female-Brains/dp/046500556X</ref><ref> {{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}} http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19338503</ref>

Baron-Cohen's research over the subsequent 10 years provided much of the evidence for the ToM deficit hypothesis,{{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}}<ref> {{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}}http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19338503</ref> culminating in three edited anthologies (Understanding Other Minds, 1993, 2000, 2013).{{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}}<ref> {{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}} http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199692972.do</ref> His research group linked the origins of the ToM deficit to joint attention (Brit J. Dev Psychol, 1987) and said that absence of joint attention at 18 months is a predictor of later autism (], 1992, 1996).{{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}}<ref>{{dl|date=December 2013}} University of Washington. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.</ref> Based on these and other findings, he proposed a model of the development of 'mindreading' in the monograph 'Mindblindness' (1995, MIT Press). In the late 1990s Baron-Cohen developed the hypothesis that typical sex differences may provide a ] and psychological understanding of autism (the ]). The theory proposes that autism is an extreme of the male brain.{{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}} <ref> {{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}} http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12039606</ref> This led to him situating ToM within the broader domain of ], and to the development of a new construct (systemizing).{{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}}<ref> {{primary source-inline|date=December 2013}} http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19338503</ref>


In 2008, Baron-Cohen confirmed the ] diagnosis of ], the British computer hacker accused of breaking into United States military and NASA computer networks.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19946902 |date= 2012-12-14 |title= Profile: Gary McKinnon |publisher= BBC News| accessdate= 2013-12-28}}</ref> In 2008, Baron-Cohen confirmed the ] diagnosis of ], the British computer hacker accused of breaking into United States military and NASA computer networks.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19946902 |date= 2012-12-14 |title= Profile: Gary McKinnon |publisher= BBC News| accessdate= 2013-12-28}}</ref>
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=== Organizations === === Organizations ===
Baron-Cohen is co-] of the journal ''Molecular Autism''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.molecularautism.com/ |title= Molecular Autism: brain, cognition and behavior |publisher= BioMed Central Ltd |accessdate= 2013-12-28}}</ref> and was the 2012 Chair of the ] (NICE) Guideline Development Group for adults with autism.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://publications.nice.org.uk/autism-recognition-referral-diagnosis-and-management-of-adults-on-the-autism-spectrum-cg142/appendix-a-the-guideline-development-group-national-collaborating-centre-and-nice-project-team |title= Autism: recognition, referral, diagnosis and management of adults on the autism spectrum |publisher= ] |accessdate= 2013-12-28}}</ref> He is a ] (NHS) Consultant Clinical Psychologist{{cn|date=December 2013}} and Director{{cn|date=December 2013}} of the Cambridge Lifespan Asperger Syndrome Service (CLASS) clinic,<ref>http://www.clahrc-cp.nihr.ac.uk/research-themes-2/child-theme/adult-autism-clinical-pathways</ref> which he established in 1999{{cn|date=December 2013}} to pioneer diagnosis of ] in adults.{{cn|date=December 2013}} Baron-Cohen is co-] of the journal '']''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.molecularautism.com/ |title= Molecular Autism: brain, cognition and behavior |publisher= BioMed Central Ltd |accessdate= 2013-12-28}}</ref> and was the 2012 Chair of the ] (NICE) Guideline Development Group for adults with autism.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://publications.nice.org.uk/autism-recognition-referral-diagnosis-and-management-of-adults-on-the-autism-spectrum-cg142/appendix-a-the-guideline-development-group-national-collaborating-centre-and-nice-project-team |title= Autism: recognition, referral, diagnosis and management of adults on the autism spectrum |publisher= ] |accessdate= 2013-12-28}}</ref> He is a ] (NHS) Consultant Clinical Psychologist{{cn|date=December 2013}} and Director{{cn|date=December 2013}} of the Cambridge Lifespan Asperger Syndrome Service (CLASS) clinic,<ref>http://www.clahrc-cp.nihr.ac.uk/research-themes-2/child-theme/adult-autism-clinical-pathways</ref> which he established in 1999{{cn|date=December 2013}} to pioneer diagnosis of ] in adults.{{cn|date=December 2013}}


Baron-Cohen was President of the ] Section for Psychology in 2007,{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}and was Vice President of the International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) for 2009–11.{{failed verification|date=December 2013}}<ref> {{failed verification|date=December 2013}} http://www.bu.edu/autism/2011/10/03/helen-tager-flusberg-newly-elected-president-of-insar/</ref> He is a Vice President of the National Autistic Society (UK).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.autism.org.uk/news-and-events/about-the-nas/who-we-are/structure/vice-presidents.aspx |title= Vice presidents |publisher= National Autistic Society |accessdate= 2013-12-28}}</ref> He is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society,{{cn|date=December 2013}} the British Academy,<ref name=BAFellow/> and the Association of Psychological Science.{{cn|date=December 2013}} Baron-Cohen was President of the ] Section for Psychology in 2007,{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}and was Vice President of the International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) for 2009–11.{{failed verification|date=December 2013}}<ref> {{failed verification|date=December 2013}} http://www.bu.edu/autism/2011/10/03/helen-tager-flusberg-newly-elected-president-of-insar/</ref> He is a Vice President of the National Autistic Society (UK).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.autism.org.uk/news-and-events/about-the-nas/who-we-are/structure/vice-presidents.aspx |title= Vice presidents |publisher= National Autistic Society |accessdate= 2013-12-28}}</ref> He is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bps.org.uk/news/chartered-psychologist-emphasises-importance-empathy` | title=Chartered Psychologist emphasises the importance of empathy | work=British Psychological Society website | date=28 April 2011 | accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> the British Academy,<ref name=BAFellow/> and the Association of Psychological Science.{{cn|date=December 2013}}


==Media== ==Media==

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Simon Baron-Cohen
BornLondon, England
NationalityBritish
CitizenshipBritish and Canadian
Alma materNew College, Oxford
King's College London
University College London
Known forAutism research
AwardsKanner-Asperger Medal 2013 (WGAS)
Scientific career
FieldsPsychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, and Psychiatry
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge
Doctoral advisorUta Frith

Simon Baron-Cohen FBA is Professor of Developmental Psychopathology at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. He is the Director of the University's Autism Research Centre, and a Fellow of Trinity College. He is best known for his work on autism, including the theory that autism involves degrees of mind-blindness (or delays in the development of theory of mind, known as TOM) and his later theory that autism is an extreme form of what he calls the "male brain", which involved a re-conceptualisation of typical psychological sex differences in terms of empathizing–systemizing theory.

Education

Baron-Cohen completed a BA in Human Sciences at New College, Oxford, and an MPhil in Clinical Psychology at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. He did his PhD in Psychology at University College London under the supervision of Professor Uta Frith.

Professional

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Autism

Baron-Cohen was lead author of the first study of children with autism and delays in the development of a theory of mind. His doctoral research was in collaboration with his supervisor Uta Frith. Baron-Cohen's research over the subsequent 10 years provided much of the evidence for the ToM deficit hypothesis, culminating in three edited anthologies (Understanding Other Minds, 1993, 2000, 2013). His research group linked the origins of the ToM deficit to joint attention (Brit J. Dev Psychol, 1987) and proposed that absence of joint attention at 18 months is a predictor of later autism. Based on these and other findings, he proposed a model of the development of 'mindreading' in the monograph 'Mindblindness' (1995, MIT Press). In the late 1990s Baron-Cohen developed the hypothesis that typical sex differences may provide a neurobiological and psychological understanding of autism (the empathizing–systemizing theory). The theory proposes that autism is an extreme of the male brain. This led to him situating ToM within the broader domain of empathy, and to the development of a new construct (systemizing).

In 2008, Baron-Cohen confirmed the Asperger syndrome diagnosis of Gary McKinnon, the British computer hacker accused of breaking into United States military and NASA computer networks.

Foetal testosterone research

Baron-Cohen launched the Cambridge Longitudinal Foetal Testosterone Project in the late 1990s, a research program following children of mothers who had amniocentesis to study the effects of individual differences in foetal testosterone (FT) on later child development. With Mike Lombardo he conducted the first study in humans of where FT influences grey matter in the brain.

Special education

Baron-Cohen developed the Mindreading software for special education and The Transporters, an animation series to teach children with autism to recognise and understand emotions, both of which were nominated for awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.

Organizations

Baron-Cohen is co-editor in chief of the journal Molecular Autism and was the 2012 Chair of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guideline Development Group for adults with autism. He is a National Health Service (NHS) Consultant Clinical Psychologist and Director of the Cambridge Lifespan Asperger Syndrome Service (CLASS) clinic, which he established in 1999 to pioneer diagnosis of Asperger syndrome in adults.

Baron-Cohen was President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science Section for Psychology in 2007,and was Vice President of the International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) for 2009–11. He is a Vice President of the National Autistic Society (UK). He is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society, the British Academy, and the Association of Psychological Science.

Media

In 2008 Baron-Cohen appeared on Private Passions, the biographical music discussion programme hosted by Michael Berkeley on BBC Radio 3.

In 2011 Time magazine featured Baron-Cohen's 'assortative mating' theory of autism, which was also covered in Scientific American in 2012.

Baron-Cohen says that high-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome can lead to talent; he explored this in a talk at the Wired 2012 Conference. In 2012 he also presented a TEDx talk on the causes of cruelty at Parliament UK entitled "The erosion of empathy".

Baron-Cohen appeared in the television documentary Brainman in which he diagnosed Daniel Tammet (who has extreme memory) with both synaesthesia and Asperger syndrome.

Personal life and awards

Baron-Cohen was awarded the Spearman Medal from the British Psychological Society (BPS), the McAndless Award from the American Psychological Association, the 1993 May Davidson Award for Clinical Psychology from the BPS, and the Presidents Award from the BPS.

He was awarded the Kanner-Asperger Medal in 2013 by the WGAS (Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Autismus-Spektrum) as a Lifetime Achievement Award for his contributions to autism research internationally.

Baron-Cohen's cousin is Sacha Baron Cohen.

Selected publications

Baron-Cohen's single-authored books:

  • Baron-Cohen, S (1995) Mindblindness: an essay on autism and theory of mind. MIT Press/Bradford Books.
  • Baron-Cohen, S (2003) The Essential Difference: men, women and the extreme male brain. Penguin/Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-7139-9671-5
  • Baron-Cohen, S (2008) Autism and Asperger Syndrome: The Facts. OUP.
  • Baron-Cohen, S (2011) Zero Degrees of Empathy: A new theory of human cruelty. Penguin/Allen Lane. This appears under a different title in the US:
  • Baron-Cohen, S (2011) The Science of Evil: On empathy and the origins of human cruelty. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02353-0

His multi-authored and edited books include:

  • Baron-Cohen, S, and Bolton, P, (1993) Autism: the facts. Oxford University Press.
  • Baron-Cohen, S, Tager-Flusberg, H, and Cohen, D.J. (eds,) (1993) Understanding other minds: perspectives from autism. Oxford University Press.
  • Baron-Cohen, S, & Harrison, J, (eds: 1997) Synaesthesia: classic and contemporary readings. Blackwells.
  • Baron-Cohen S, ed. (1997). The maladapted mind: classic readings in evolutionary psychopathology. East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press/Taylor Francis Group. ISBN 0-86377-460-1. Retrieved 21 January 2011Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • Howlin, P, Baron-Cohen, S, Hadwin, J, & Swettenham, J, (1999). Teaching children with autism to mind-read. Wiley.
  • Robertson, M, & Baron-Cohen, S, (1998) Tourette Syndrome: The facts. Oxford University Press.
  • Baron-Cohen, S, Tager-Flusberg, H, & Cohen, D, (eds. 2000). Understanding other minds: perspectives from developmental cognitive neuroscience. Oxford University Press.
  • Baron-Cohen, S & Wheelwright, S, (2004) An exact mind. Jessica Kingsley Ltd. Artwork by Peter Myers.
  • Baron-Cohen, S, Lutchmaya, S, & Knickmeyer, R, (2005) Prenatal testosterone in mind: Studies of amniotic fluid. MIT Press/Bradford Books.
  • Baron-Cohen, S, Tager-Flusberg, H, and Cohen, D.J. (eds,) (2007) Understanding other minds: perspectives from developmental cognitive neuroscience – 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press.
  • Baron-Cohen, S, Tager-Flusberg, H, and Lombardo, M.V. (eds) (2013) Understanding other minds: perspectives from social cognitive neuroscience – 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press.
  • Hadwin, J, Howlin, P, & Baron-Cohen, S, (2008) Teaching children with autism to mindread: a handbook. Wiley.

Selected Journal Articles:

  • Nunn, J, Gregory, L, Morris, R, Brammer, M, Bullmore, E, Harrison, J, Williams, S, Baron-Cohen, S, and Gray, J, (2002) Functional magnetic resonance imaging of synaesthesia: activation of colour vision area V4/V8 by spoken words. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 371-375.
  • Baron-Cohen, S, Knickmeyer, R, & Belmonte, M (2005) Sex differences in the brain: implications for explaining autism. Science, 310, 819-823.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Awardees". Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Autismus-Spektrum (WGAS). Retrieved 2013-12-18.
  2. ^ "Seven Cambridge academics elected as Fellows of The British Academy". Cambridge University. 2009-07-17. Retrieved 2013-12-27.
  3. ^ "ARC people: Professor Simon Baron-Cohen". Autism Research Center, University of Cambridge. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  4. "ARC researchers, collaborators and staff". Autism Research Center, University of Cambridge. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  5. ^ Bishop DV (2008). "Forty years on: Uta Frith's contribution to research on autism and dyslexia, 1966-2006". Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 61 (1): 16–26. doi:10.1080/17470210701508665. PMC 2409181. PMID 18038335. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Saxe, Rebecca (2008-05-09). "1985 paper on the theory of mind". SFARI: Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  7. Baron-Cohen S, Leslie AM, Frith U (1985). "Does the autistic child have a 'theory of mind'?" (PDF). Cognition. 21 (1): 37–46. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8. PMID 2934210.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Autism-An-Introduction-Psychological-Theory/dp/1857282302
  9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19338503
  10. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Understanding-Other-Minds-Perspectives-Developmental/dp/0198524455
  11. http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199692972.do
  12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=baron-cohen+1996+british+journal+of+psychiatry
  13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=baron-cohen+1992+british+journal+of+psychiatry
  14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=baron-cohen+2011+plos+biology
  15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12039606
  16. http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Essential-Difference-Female-Brains/dp/046500556X
  17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19338503
  18. "Profile: Gary McKinnon". BBC News. 2012-12-14. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23588379
  20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15113628
  21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22238103
  22. "Mind Reading: Frequently Asked Questions: Who developed it?". Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  23. "BAFTA nomination for university autism film" (Press release). University of Cambridge. Retrieved 2013-12-28.U
  24. "New Media Production" (Press release). RGB Research Limited. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
  25. "Molecular Autism: brain, cognition and behavior". BioMed Central Ltd. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  26. "Autism: recognition, referral, diagnosis and management of adults on the autism spectrum". National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  27. http://www.clahrc-cp.nihr.ac.uk/research-themes-2/child-theme/adult-autism-clinical-pathways
  28. http://www.bu.edu/autism/2011/10/03/helen-tager-flusberg-newly-elected-president-of-insar/
  29. "Vice presidents". National Autistic Society. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  30. "Chartered Psychologist emphasises the importance of empathy". British Psychological Society website. 28 April 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
  31. Radio 3: "Private Passions".
  32. Warner, Judith (2011-08-29). "Autism's lone wolf". Time. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  33. Baron-Cohen, Simon (2012-11-09). "Are geeky couples more likely to have kids with autism?". Scientific American. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  34. Steadman, Ian. "Watch Simon Baron-Cohen's full Wired 2012 talk about autism". Wired.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  35. "Simon Baron-Cohen: The erosion of empathy". TED Conferences LLC. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  36. http://hopc.bps.org.uk/histres/bpshistory/awards/spearman.cfm
  37. http://www.apa.org/about/awards/div-7-mccandless.aspx
  38. "Previous winners: May Davidson Award". British Psychological Society. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  39. http://hopc.bps.org.uk/histres/bpshistory/awards/awards_home.cfm
  40. "Time Out with Nick Cohen". New Statesman. 2007-02-26. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
  41. Szalavitz, Maia (2011-05-30). "Q&A: Psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen on empathy and the science of evil". Time Magazine.

External links

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