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10199 Chariklo

A comparison of 10199 Chariklo (left), Pluto (center), and the Moon (right), based on mean radius.
Discovery
Discovered by	James V. Scotti, Spacewatch
Discovery date	February 15, 1997
Designations
Named after	Chariclo
Alternative names	1997 CU26
Minor planet category	Centaur
Orbital characteristics
Epoch November 25, 2005 (JD 2453700.0)
Aphelion	18.66 AU
Perihelion	13.08 AU
Semi-major axis	15.87 AU
Eccentricity	0.17534
Orbital period (sidereal)	63.17 a (23,087.2 d)
Mean anomaly	10.6°
Inclination	23.375°
Longitude of ascending node	300.451°
Argument of perihelion	242.361°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	258.6 ± 10.3 km
Albedo	0.05–0.06
Spectral type	B-V=0.84; V-R=0.50
Apparent magnitude	~18.3
Absolute magnitude (H)	6.4

10199 Chariklo (/kəˈrɪkloʊ/ kə-RIK-loh, /ˈkærkloʊ/ KARR-i-kloh; Template:Lang-el; provisional designation: 1997 CU₂₆) is the largest known centaur. It orbits the Sun between Saturn and Uranus, grazing Uranus.

Chariklo was discovered by James V. Scotti of the Spacewatch program on February 15, 1997. Chariklo is named after the nymph Chariclo (Χαρικλω), the wife of Chiron and the daughter of Apollo.

A photometric study in 2001 was unable to find a definite period of rotation. Infrared observations of Chariklo indicate water ice on the surface. Mike Brown's website lists it as a possible dwarf planet with a measured diameter of 258 km. On 26 March 2014 a team lead by Brazilian astronomers announced the discovery of rings around Chariklo by observing a stellar occultation.

Size

If one knows the absolute magnitude (H) and the albedo of an object, one can estimate the size. But since centaurs are icy comet-like bodies that may outgas, it is very difficult to estimate their albedos. It is also likely that the albedos of some centaurs vary with time and activity levels.

With an absolute magnitude (H) of 6.4 and an albedo of 0.06, Chariklo is currently the largest known centaur with an estimated diameter of 258 km. 2060 Chiron (230 km / H=6.5 / albedo=0.07) is likely a close second. The lost centaur 1995 SN55 (H=6.0) may even be larger, with an estimated diameter very close to 300 km.

Orbit

Centaurs are believed to have originated from the Kuiper belt and are in dynamically unstable orbits that will lead either to ejection from the Solar System, an impact with a planet or the Sun, or evolution into a short-period comet.

The orbit of Chariklo is more stable than Nessus, Chiron, and Pholus. Chariklo lies within 0.09 AU of the 4:3 resonance of Uranus and is estimated to have a long orbital half-life of about 10.3 Myr. Orbital simulations of twenty clones of Chariklo suggest that Chariklo will not start to regularly come within 3AU (450Gm) of Uranus for about thirty thousand years.

During the perihelic oppositions of 2003–4, Chariklo had an apparent magnitude of +17.7. As of 2012, Chariklo is 14.1 AU from the Sun.

Rings

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By observing a stellar occultation in 2014 with seven different telescopes, astronomers were able to determine that Chariklo has at least two rings.

References

1. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 10199 Chariklo (1997 CU26)". 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
2. ^ John Stansberry, Will Grundy, Mike Brown, Dale Cruikshank, John Spencer, David Trilling, Jean-Luc Margot (2007). "Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope". arXiv:astro-ph/0702538. {{cite arXiv}}: |class= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ^ "AstDys (10199) Chariklo Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
4. Peixinho; Doressoundiram (2000-11-09). "Photometric study of Centaurs 10199 Chariklo (1997CU26) and 1999UG5". Retrieved 2006-11-09.
5. Jewitt; Brown (2001-04-17). "Infrared Observations of Centaur 10119 Chariklo with possible surface variation" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-11-09.
6. Michael E. Brown. "How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system? (updates daily)". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2012-04-28.
7. "First Ring System Around Asteroid" (Press release). European Southern Observatory. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 2014-03-26.
8. Sheppard, Scott S.; Jewitt, David C.; Trujillo, Chadwick A. (2000). "A WIDE-FIELD CCD SURVEY FOR CENTAURS AND KUIPER BELT OBJECTS". The Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): 2687–2694. arXiv:astro-ph/0008445. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2687S. doi:10.1086/316805. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
9. Horner, J.; Evans, N.W.; Bailey, M. E. (2004). "Simulations of the Population of Centaurs I: The Bulk Statistics". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 354 (3): 798–810. arXiv:astro-ph/0407400. Bibcode:2004MNRAS.354..798H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08240.x.
10. "Twenty clones of Centaur 10199 Chariklo making passes within 450Gm". Archived from the original on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-05-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) (Solex 10). Accessed 2009-05-10.
11. "AstDys (10199) Chariklo (March 2003) Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Retrieved 2009-04-03.
12. "First Ring System Around Asteroid" (Press release). European Southern Observatory. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 2014-03-26.

External links

• 37th DPS: Albedos, Diameters (and a Density) of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects
• AstDys orbital elements
• Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris
• Chariklo Photo (February 1999)
• Chariklo's orbit between Saturn and Uranus.
• Demonstration of how centaur 10199 Chariklo is currently controlled by Uranus (Solex 10)

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