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Deepak Chopra (/ˈdiːpɑːk ˈtʃoʊprə/) (born October 22, 1947) is an Indian-American alternative-medicine advocate, licensed physician, and New-Age guru known for his view that healing is primarily a mental rather than physical process. The author of several dozen books and videos, he has become one of the best-known and wealthiest figures in the holistic-health movement.

Chopra obtained his medical degree in India before emigrating in 1970 to the United States, where he specialized in endocrinology and became Chief of Staff at the New England Memorial Hospital (NEMH) in Stoneham, Massachusetts. In the 1980s he began practicing transcendental meditation (TM) and in 1985 resigned his position at NEHM after being invited by the leader of the TM movement, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, to establish the Maharishi Ayurveda Health Center in Lancaster, Massachusetts. Chopra left the TM movement in 1994 and, together with neurologist David Simon, founded the Chopra Center for Wellbeing in Carlsbad, California.

Combining principles from Ayurveda (Hindu traditional medicine) and conventional medicine, Chopra's approach to health incorporates ideas about the mind-body relationship and his beliefs about quantum mysticism and focuses on the view that "consciousness creates reality." He has written that his practices can extend the human lifespan and treat AIDS and cancer, a position that has led to criticism from scientists, who say his treatments rely on the placebo effect and that he provides patients with false hope that may lead them away from effective medical treatment.

Early life and education

Chopra was born in New Delhi, India, to Krishan Lal Chopra (1919–2001) and Pushpa Chopra; his mother tongue is Punjabi (his first name, Deepak, means light). His paternal grandfather was a sergeant in the British Army. His father was a prominent cardiologist, head of the department of medicine and cardiology at New Delhi's Mool Chand Khairati Ram Hospital for over 25 years; he was also a lieutenant in the British army, serving as an army doctor at the front at Burma and acting as a medical adviser to Lord Mountbatten, viceroy of India. As of 2014 Chopra's younger brother, Sanjiv, is a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and on staff at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.

Chopra completed his primary education at St. Columba's School in New Delhi and graduated from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in 1969. He spent his first months as a doctor working in rural India, including, he writes, six months in a village where the lights went out whenever it rained. It was during his early career that he was drawn to study endocrinology, triggered by his interest in the biological basis for the influence of the emotions.

After immigrating to the United States in 1970 he undertook a clinical internship at Muhlenberg Hospital in Plainfield, New Jersey, and completed his residency at the Lahey Clinic in Burlington, Massachusetts, and the University of Virginia Hospital. He earned his license to practice medicine in the state of Massachusetts in 1973, becoming board-certified in internal medicine and specializing in endocrinology. He received his California medical licence in 2004.

Career

East Coast years

Chopra taught at the medical schools of Tufts University, Boston University and Harvard University, and became Chief of Staff at the New England Memorial Hospital (later known as the Boston Regional Medical Center) in Stoneham, Massachusetts, before establishing a private practice in Boston in endocrinology.

Visiting New Delhi in 1981, he met the physician Brihaspati Dev Triguna, head of the Indian council for Ayurvedic medicine, whose advice prompted him to begin investigating Ayurvedic medicine. Chopra was smoking heavily at the time and making himself ill: "y days were blurring into nights. I was drinking black coffee by the hour and smoking at least a pack of cigarettes a day. I had acquired a taste for whisky in the evening. My schedule kept my stomach upset all the time." He decided to take up transcendental meditation to help him stop; as of 2006 he continued to meditate for two hours every morning and half an hour in the evening.

His involvement with TM led to a meeting, in 1984, with the leader of the TM movement, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, who asked him to establish an Ayurvedic health center. He left his position at the NEMH to become the founding president of the American Association of Ayurvedic Medicine, one of the founders of Maharishi Ayur-Veda Products International, which sold Ayurvedic remedies, and medical director of the Maharishi Ayur-veda Health Center in Lancaster, Massachusetts. The center charged between $2,850 and $3,950 a week, offering Ayurvedic cleansing rituals such as massage, enemas and oil baths, with an extra charge of $1,000 for lessons in transcendental meditation. Celebrity patients included Elizabeth Taylor.

Chopra said that one of the reasons he left mainstream medicine was his disenchantment at having to prescribe too many drugs: "I think it was just the fact that there is a lot of frustration when all you do is prescribe medication, you start to feel like a legalized drug pusher. That doesn't mean that all prescriptions are useless, but it is true that 80 percent of all drugs prescribed today are of optional or marginal benefit."

In 1989 the Maharishi awarded Chopra the title "Dhanvantari (Lord of Immortality), the keeper of perfect health for the world". That year Chopra's Quantum Healing: Exploring the Frontiers of Mind/Body Medicine was published, followed in 1990 by Perfect Health: The Complete Mind/Body Guide. By 1992 he was serving on the National Institute of Health's ad hoc panel on alternative medicine.

In May 1991 the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) published "Letter from New Delhi," an article by Chopra and two others on Ayurvedic medicine and TM. JAMA subsequently published an erratum stating that the lead author, Hari M. Sharma, had undisclosed financial interests. This was followed in October 1991 by a six-page article by JAMA associate editor Andrew A. Skolnick, who characterized the paper as a "thinly disguised advertisement for the Transcendental Meditation (TM) movement and its products". An article in Science criticized JAMA for accepting the "shoddy science" of the original article. Skolnick later outlined the chain of events in the Newsletter of the National Association of Science Writers. Chopra and two TM groups sued Skolnick and JAMA for defamation, asking for $194 million in damages, but the case was dismissed in March 1993.

West Coast years

In June 1993 Chopra moved to California as executive director of Sharp HealthCare's Institute for Human Potential and Mind/Body Medicine. He led their Center for Mind/Body Medicine, a clinic in an exclusive resort in Del Mar that charged $4,000 a week and included Michael Jackson's family among its clients.

Chopra left the Transcendental Meditation movement around the same time. According to his own account, the Maharishi had accused him of competing for the position of guru. Robert Todd Carroll's view is that Chopra left because being associated with the TM organization had became a hindrance to his success. His name was reportedly removed from the TM movement's literature, as were his books from their health centers.

Chopra's Ageless Body, Timeless Mind: The Quantum Alternative to Growing Old was published in 1993 (he was sued for copyright infringement because the book used a chart of Robert Sapolsky's without proper attribution; the issue was settled out of court). The book and his friendship with Michael Jackson gained him an interview that year on The Oprah Winfrey Show and coverage in People magazine. The Oprah interview made him a household name.

In 1996 Sharp HealthCare changed ownership and broke off its relationship with Chopra. With neurologist David Simon, Chopra founded the Chopra Center for Wellbeing at the Omni La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California. Paul Offit wrote in 2013 that Chopra's business grosses approximately $20 million annually, and is built on the sale of various alternative-medicine products such as herbal supplements, massage oils, books, videos and courses. A year's worth of products for "anti-aging" can cost up to $10,000, Offit wrote. According to medical anthropologist Hans Baer, Chopra has failed to explore the potential benefits of a truly alternative, holistic approach to health. Instead he offers an alternative form of medical hegemony, focusing on the individual and the "worried well", usually well-off members of the upper and middle-classes.

Education, charity and advisory roles

In 2005 Chopra was appointed as a senior scientist at Gallup. As of 2014 he serves as an adjunct professor at Columbia Business School and at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.

He participates annually as a lecturer at the Update in Internal Medicine event sponsored by Harvard Medical School and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. In 2009 he founded the Chopra Foundation, a non-profit that raises funds to promote and research holistic medicine. He founded the American Association for Ayurvedic Medicine (AAAM) and Maharishi AyurVeda Products International, and sits on the board of advisors of the National Ayurvedic Medical Association and the tech startup State.com.

Ideas and reception

Quantum healing

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The basic quest always is "Who am I?" How do you define "I"? The real "I" was never born and never died. It has no definition in space, no boundaries in time, it's eternal, it is unborn and it does not die.

Chopra has been called America's most prominent spokesman for Ayurveda. He has used the metaphor "quantum healing" to describe his approach, using the word quantum to refer to a discrete jump from one level of functioning to another (a quantum leap) and to the idea of thought as an irreducible building block. He defines quantum healing as "the ability of one mode of consciousness (the mind) to spontaneously correct the mistakes in another mode of consciousness (the body)."

Chopra has equated spontaneous remission in cancer to a jump to a new level of consciousness: " knows that he will be healed, and he feels that the force responsible is inside himself but not limited to him – it extends beyond his personal boundaries, throughout all of nature. Suddenly he feels, 'I am not limited to my body. All that exists around me is part of myself.' At that moment, such patients apparently jump to a new level of consciousness that prohibits the existence of cancer." Physicist Robert L. Park writes that if these ideas are substituted for medical intervention, patients may be denied the prospect of effective treatment.

Of the aging process, Chopra has written that it is to some extent reversible – accelerated by the accumulation of toxins in the body (including toxic emotions), and slowed down by physical exercise, good nutrition, meditation and love.

Chopra has described the AIDS virus as emitting "a sound that lures the DNA to its destruction". The condition can be treated, according to Chopra, with "Ayurveda's primordial sound". Taking issue with this view, medical professor Lawrence Schneiderman has said that ethical issues are raised when alternative medicine is not based on empirical evidence and that, "to put it mildly, Dr. Chopra proposes a treatment and prevention program for AIDS that has no supporting empirical data".

Ptolemy Tompkins wrote in Time magazine in 2008 that "Chopra has steadily enlarged his reputation from that of healer to philosopher-at-large," and that the medical and scientific communities' opinion of him ranges from dismissive to "outright damning", particularly because Chopra's claims could lure sick people away from effective treatments. Tompkins concluded that "Chopra is as rich as he is today not because he has been dishonest with anyone, but because his basic message... is one that he wants to believe in just as sincerely as his readers do." According to Robert Carroll, Chopra "charges $25,000 per lecture performance, giving spiritual advice while warning against the ill effects of materialism".

Distance healing

In August 2001 ABC News aired a show segment on distance healing and prayer, in which Chopra attempted to relax a person in another room, whose vital signs were recorded in charts said to show a correspondence between Chopra's periods of concentration and the subject's periods of relaxation. After the show, a poll of its viewers found that 90 per cent believed in distance healing.

Health and science journalist Christopher Wanjek criticized the experiment, saying that any correlation evident from the charts would be coincidental, and that more detailed examination of the timing of the charts showed the correlations were not as close as claimed. Wanjek characterized the broadcast as "an instructive example of how bad medicine is presented as exciting news".

Spirituality and religion

Chopra has written that his thought has been inspired by Jiddu Krishnamurti, a 20th-century speaker and writer on philosophical and spiritual subjects. In August 2005 Chopra wrote a series of articles on the creation-evolution controversy and Intelligent design.

In 2012, reviewing War of the Worldviews, written as a debate between Chopra and physicist Leonard Mlodinow about cosmology, evolution, consciousness and God, physics professor Mark Alford wrote that "the counterpoint to Chopra's speculations is not science, with its complicated structure of facts, theories, and hypotheses," but rather Occam's razor.

Position on skepticism

Paul Kurtz, an American skeptic and secular humanist, has written that the popularity of Chopra's views is associated with increasing antiscientific attitudes in society, and that such popularity represents an assault on the objectivity of science itself by seeking new, alternative, forms of validation for ideas. Michael Shermer, founder of The Skeptics Society, has said that Chopra is "the very definition of what we mean by pseudoscience".

In 2013 Chopra argued that a "stubborn band of militant skeptics" were editing articles on Misplaced Pages to prevent what he believes would be a fair representation of the views of such figures as Rupert Sheldrake, a parapsychology researcher. The result, Chopra argued, was that the encyclopedia's readers were denied the opportunity to read of attempts to "expand science beyond its conventional boundaries". Biologist Jerry Coyne responded that it was Chopra himself who was losing out, as his views were "exposed as a lot of scientifically-sounding psychobabble".

More broadly, Chopra has attacked skepticism as a whole, writing in The Huffington Post that "o skeptic, to my knowledge, ever made a major scientific discovery or advanced the welfare of others". Astronomer Phil Plait said this statement trembled "on the very edge of being a blatant and gross lie", listing Carl Sagan, Richard Feynman, Stephen Jay Gould and Edward Jenner as counterexamples.

Use of scientific terminology

Reviewing Susan Jacoby's book, The Age of American Unreason, Wendy Kaminer sees Chopra's popular reception in America as symptomatic of many Americans' historical inability (as Jacoby puts it) "to distinguish between real scientists and those who peddled theories in the guise of science". Chopra's "nonsensical references to quantum physics" are placed in a lineage of American religious pseudoscience, extending back through Scientology to Christian Science. English professor George O'Har argued that Chopra exemplifies the need of human beings for "magic" in their lives, and placed "the sophistries of Chopra" alongside the emotivism of Oprah Winfrey, the special effects and logic of Star Trek, and the magic of Harry Potter.

Physicists have criticized Chopra's references to the relationship of quantum mechanics to healing processes, arguing that it contributes to the confusion in the popular press regarding quantum measurement, decoherence and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. In 1998 he was awarded the satirical Ig Nobel Prize in physics for "his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness".

In March 2010 Chopra and Jean Houston debated Sam Harris and Michael Shermer at the California Institute of Technology on the question "Does God Have a Future?" Harris criticized Chopra's use of terms from quantum mechanics as "spooky physics," and accused him of merging two language games in a "completely unprincipled way." Interviewed in 2013 by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins for a British documentary, The Enemies of Reason, Chopra said that he used the term quantum as a metaphor and that it had little to do with quantum theory in physics.

Yoga

In April 2010 Aseem Shukla, co-founder of the Hindu American Foundation, criticized Chopra for suggesting that yoga did not have its origins in Hinduism but in an older Indian spiritual tradition. Chopra later said that yoga was rooted in consciousness alone, expounded by Vedic rishis long before Hinduism ever arose. Shukla responded that Chopra was an exponent of the art of "How to Deconstruct, Repackage and Sell Hindu Philosophy Without Calling it Hindu!"

Personal life, other areas of interest

Deepak is married with two children and three grandchildren. A friend of Michael Jackson for 20 years, Chopra said he hoped Jackson's death, attributed to an overdose of a prescription drug, would be a call to action against the "cult of drug-pushing doctors, with their co-dependent relationships with addicted celebrities."

Since 2005 Chopra has been a board member of Men's Wearhouse, Inc., a men's clothing distributor and Fortune 1000 company. In 2006 Chopra launched Virgin Comics LLC with his son Gotham Chopra and entrepreneur Richard Branson.

Select bibliography

Books

• Chopra, Deepak (1987). Creating Health. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-395429-53-6.
• Chopra, Deepak (1989). Quantum Healing. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-05368-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Chopra, Deepak (1991). Perfect Health. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-81367-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Chopra, Deepak (1994). The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success. San Rafael: Amber Allen Publishing. ISBN 1-878424-11-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Chopra, Deepak (1995). The Way of the Wizard. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-517-70434-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Chopra, Deepak (1995). The Return of Merlin. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-59849-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Chopra, Deepak (1995). Ageless Body Timeless Mind. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-59257-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• — (1997). Foreword in Candace Pert, The Molecules of Emotion: The Science Behind Mind-Body Medicine. Scribner.
• Chopra, Deepak (2004). The Book of Secrets. London: Rider. ISBN 1-844-13555-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Chopra, Deepak (2008). The Third Jesus. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-307-33831-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Chopra, Deepak (2008). The Soul of Leadership. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-307-40806-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Chopra, Deepak; Tanzi, Rudolph (2012). Super Brain. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-307-95682-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Chopra, Deepak (2013). What Are You Hungry For?. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-770-43721-4. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

Articles

• "Medicine’s Great Divide—The View from the Alternative Side", Virtual Mentor, American Medical Association Journal of Ethics, 13(6), June 2011, pp. 394–398.
• with S. Dwivedi, "Adverse effects of herbal medicine", Clinical Medicine, 13(4), August 2013, pp. 417–418.
• "Reality and consciousness: A view from the East: Comment on 'Consciousness in the universe: A review of the "Orch OR" theory' by Stuart Hameroff and Roger Penrose", Physics of Life Reviews, 11(1), March 2014, pp. 81–82.

See also

• List of people in alternative medicine
• Andrew Weil
• Hard problem of consciousness
• Idealism
• Panpsychism
• Quantum mysticism
• Spiritual naturalism

References

1. "Deepak Chopra", The Huffington Post, retrieved May 15, 2014; "Deepak Chopra MD", American Medical Association.
   • Deepak Chopra, Quantum Healing: Exploring the Frontiers of Mind Body Medicine, Random House, 2009 , p. 2.
2. John Gamel, "Hokum on the Rise: The 70-Percent Solution", The Antioch Review, 66(1), 2008, p. 130.
3. ^ Hans A. Baer (2003). "The Work of Andrew Weil and Deepak Chopra—Two Holistic Health/New Age Gurus: A Critique of the Holistic Health/New Age Movements". Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 17 (2): 237. doi:10.1525/maq.2003.17.2.233. PMID 12846118.; Hans A. Baer, Toward an Integrative Medicine: Merging Alternative Therapies with Biomedicine, AltaMira Press, 2004, pp. 121–122.
4. Chopra 2009, preface; Brian Goldman, "Ayurvedism: Eastern Medicine Moves West", Canadian Medical Association Journal, 144(2), January 15, 1991, pp. 218–221.
5. Gamel (Antioch Review) 2008; Deepak Chopra, "I Will Not Be Pleased - Your Health and the Nocebo Effect", San Francisco Chronicle, October 17, 2012.
   • For "false hope," see Ptolemy Tompkins, "New Age Supersage", Time, November 14, 2008; Robert L. Park, "Voodoo medicine in a scientific world," in Keith Ashman and Phillip Barringer (eds.), After the Science Wars: Science and the Study of Science, Taylor & Francis, 2000, p. 137.
   • For some of Chopra's views, see Chopra 2009, preface, pp. 2, 16ff.
6. Deepak Chopra; Sanjiv Chopra (2013). Brotherhood: Dharma, Destiny, and the American Dream. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 5, 161. There are a lot of different languages spoken in India. Not just different dialects but different languages. Mine is Punjabi...
7. Michael Schulder (May 24, 2013). "The Chopra Brothers". CNN.; Chopra 2013, pp. 5–6, 11–13.
8. "Chopra, Sanjiv, MD", Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, retrieved May 15, 2014.
9. Deepak Chopra, Return of the Rishi, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1991, p. 1.
10. Carl Lindgren (March 31, 2010). "International Dreamer – Deepak Chopra". Map Magazine's Street Editors.
11. "Deepak K. Chopra, M.D.", Commonwealth of Massachusetts Board of Registration in Medicine. Retrieved May 20, 2014; "Verify a Physician's Certification", American Board of Internal Medicine.
12. "Chopra, Deepak", California Department of Consumer Affairs. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
13. ^ "Deepak Chopra, M.D.", Gallup. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
14. ^ "Deepak Chopra", Woopidoo! Biographies. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
15. Chopra 1991, p. 105ff.
16. Chopra 1988, p. 125.
17. Rosamund Burton (June 4, 2006). "Peace Seeker". Nova Magazine.
18. Chopra 1991, p. 139ff; Baer 2003, p. 237.
19. Elise Pettus, "The Mind–Body Problems," New York Magazine, August 14, 1995, (pp. 28ff, 95), p. 30. Also see Deepak Chopra, "Letters: Deepak responds," New York Magazine, September 25, 1995, p. 16.
20. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed, "The Crisis of Perception", Media Monitors Network, February 29, 2008.
21. Dónal O'Mathúna (2007). Alternative Medicine. Zondervan. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-310-26999-1.
22. ^ Tony Perry (7 September 1997). "So Rich, So Restless". Los Angeles Times. p. 2.
23. Hari M. Sharma; B. D. Triguna; Deepak Chopra (May 22, 1991). "Maharishi Ayur-Veda: Modern insights into ancient medicine". Journal of the American Medical Association. 265 (20): 2633–4, 2637. doi:10.1001/jama.265.20.2633. PMID 1817464.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
24. "Erratum in: JAMA 1991 Aug 14". JAMA. 266 (6): 798. 1991. doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470060060025.
25. Andrew A. Skolnick (1991). "Maharishi Ayur-Veda: Guru's marketing scheme promises the world eternal 'perfect health'". JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association. 266 (13): 1741–2, 1744–5, 1749–50. doi:10.1001/jama.266.13.1741. PMID 1817475.
26. Robert Barnett; Cathy Sears (1991). "JAMA gets into an Indian herbal jam". Science. 254 (5029): 188–9. doi:10.1126/science.1925571. PMID 1925571.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
27. Andrew Skolnick (Fall 1991). "The Maharhish Caper: Or How to Hoodwink Top Medical Journals". ScienceWriters.
28. Pettus (New York Magazine) 1995, p. 31; "Deepak's Days in Court". The New York Times. 18 August 1996.
29. ^ Pettus (New York Magazine) 1995, p. 31.
30. Deepak Chopra, "The Maharishi Years – The Untold Story: Recollections of a Former Disciple", The Huffington Post, February 13, 2008.
31. ^ Robert Todd Carroll (11 January 2011). The Skeptic's Dictionary. John Wiley & Sons. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-118-04563-3.
32. Don Kazak (March 5, 1997). "Book Talk". Palo Alto Weekly.; TNN (April 15, 2001). "The mind-body". The Times of India.
33. "Full Transcript: Your Call with Dr Deepak Chopra", NDTV, January 23, 1991.
34. "Chopra, Deepak (1946–)". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Gale. 1998. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
35. David Ogul (9 February 2012). "David Simon, 61, mind-body medicine pioneer, opened Chopra Center for Wellbeing". U-T San Diego.
36. Paul Offit (2013). Do You Believe in Magic? The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine. HarperCollins. pp. 245–246. ISBN 978-0062222961.
37. Baer 2003, pp. 240–241.
38. "Just Capitalism & Cause Driven Marketing". Columbia University. Spring 2014.; "The Soul of Leadership". Kellogg School of Management, Executive Education. Retrieved May 14, 2014..
39. "Faculty". Update in Internal Medicine.
40. Jane Kelly, "Chopra and Huffington to Hold a Public Meditation on the Lawn Oct. 15", UVA Today, October 9, 2013.
41. ^ J. Thomas Butler (2011). Consumer Health: Making Informed Decisions. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 117–118. ISBN 978-1-4496-7543-1.
42. "NAMA's Board of Advisors", American Association for Ayurvedic Medicine; "Advisors". State. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
43. Gotham Deepak, Decoding Deepak, courtesy of TheLip TV, YouTube, 5:20 mins.
44. Chopra 2009, pp. 15, 241; Deepak Chopra, "Healing wisdom", The Chopra Center, June 12, 2013.
45. Chopra 2009, p. 15.
46. ^ Park 2000, p. 137.
47. Deepak Chopra, Ageless Body, Timeless Mind: The Quantum Alternative to Growing Old, Three Rivers Press, 1994, p. viii.
48. ^ L. J. Schneiderman (2003). "The (alternative) medicalization of life". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 31 (2): 191–7. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00080.x. PMID 12964263.
49. Ptolemy Tompkins (November 14, 2008). "New Age Supersage". Time.
50. ^ Christopher Wanjek (2003). Bad Medicine. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 224, 228ff. ISBN 978-0-471-46315-3.
51. Gary P. Posner (November/December 2001). "Hardly a Prayer on ABC's 20/20 Downtown". Skeptical Inquirer. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
52. Evelyne Blau (1995). Krishnamurti: 100 Years. Stewart, Tabori, & Chang. p. 233. ISBN 978-1-55670-407-9.
53. Deepak Chopra (August 23, 2005). "Intelligent Design Without the Bible". The Huffington Post.
54. Alford, Mark (2012). "Is science the antidote to Deepak Chopra's spirituality?". Skeptical Inquirer. 36 (3): 54.
55. Paul Kurtz (2001). Skepticism and Humanism: The New Paradigm. Transaction Publishers. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-4128-3411-7.
56. ^ "Nightline Face-Off: Does God Have a Future", ABC News, courtesy of YouTube, 17:22 mins; also see Dan Harris and Ely Brown (March 23, 2010). "Nightline Face-Off: Does God Have a Future". ABC News.
57. Michael Shermer (March 28, 2008). "Skyhooks and Cranes: Deepak Chopra, George W. Bush, and Intelligent Design". The Huffington Post.
58. Deepak Chopra, "The Rise and Fall of Militant Skepticism", deepakchopra.com, November 3, 2013.
59. Jerry A. Coyne (8 November 2013). "Pseudoscientist Rupert Sheldrake Is Not Being Persecuted, And Is Not Like Galileo". The New Republic.
60. Deepak Chopra (30 November 2009). "The Perils Of Skepticism". The Huffington Post.
61. Phil Plait (1 December 2009). "Deepak Chopra: redefining 'wrong'". Discover.
62. Wendy Kaminer (2008). "The Corrosion of the American Mind (reviewing The Age of American Unreason by Susan Jacoby)". The Wilson Quarterly. 32 (2): 92. JSTOR 40262377. Then came Scientology, the "science" of positive thinking, and, more recently, New Age healer Deepak Chopra's nonsensical references to quantum physics
63. George M. O'Har (2000). "Magic in the Machine Age". Technology and Culture. 41 (4): 862. doi:10.1353/tech.2000.0174.
64. Victor J. Stenger (2007). "Quantum Quackery". Skeptical Inquirer. 27 (1): 37-.
    • Brian Cox says that "for some scientists, the unfortunate distortion and misappropriation of scientific ideas that often accompanies their integration into popular culture is an unacceptable price to pay." See Brian Cox (February 20, 2012). "Why Quantum Theory Is So Misunderstood". The Wall Street Journal.
    • The main criticism revolves around the fact that macroscopic objects are too large to exhibit inherently quantum properties like interference and wave function collapse. Most literature on quantum healing is almost entirely theosophical, omitting the rigorous mathematics that makes quantum electrodynamics possible. See Doug Bramwell. "'Magic' of Quantum Physics". Association for Skeptical Enquiry. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
65. "Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize". Improbable Research. Retrieved December 1, 2008.
66. "The Enemies of Reason". Channel 4. Retrieved September 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
67. Aseem Shukla (April 28, 2010). "Dr. Chopra: Honor thy heritage". Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive.; Aseem Shukla. "On Faith Panelists Blog: Hinduism and Sanatana Dharma: One and the same – Aseem Shukla". Washingtonpost.Newsweek Interactive. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
68. Eloise King (March 28, 2010). "Dad in profile - Deepak Chopra". Sunday Herald Sun.
69. Gerald Posner, "Deepak Chopra: How Michael Jackson Could Have Been Saved", The Daily Beast, July 2, 2009, p. 4.
70. "Men's Wearhouse Inc". Business Week. July 10, 2013.; Beth Belton (June 25, 2013). "Men's Wearhouse fires back at George Zimmer". USA Today.

Further reading

• Official website
• Aravamudan, Srinivas (2006). Chapter 6: New Age Enchantments. Princeton University Press. pp. 257–. ISBN 1-4008-2685-3. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
• Butler, Kurt and Barrett, Stephen (1992). A Consumer's Guide to "Alternative Medicine": A Close Look at Homeopathy, Acupuncture, Faith-healing, and Other Unconventional Treatments. Prometheus Books, pp. 110–116. ISBN 978-0-87975-733-5.
• Kaeser E (July 2013). "Science kitsch and pop science: A reconnaissance". Public Underst Sci. 22 (5): 559–69. doi:10.1177/0963662513489390. PMID 23833170.
• Nacson, Leon (1998). Deepak Chopra: How to Live in a World of Infinite Possibilities. Random House. ISBN 0-09-183673-5.

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