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Kameradschaft
Swedish theatrical release poster by Eric Rohman
Directed by	G. W. Pabst
Screenplay by	Peter Martin Lampel Karl Otten Ladislaus Vajda
Produced by	Seymour Nebenzal
Starring	Ernst Busch
Cinematography	Robert Baberske Fritz Arno Wagner
Edited by	Jean Oser Marc Sorkin
Music by	G. von Rigelius
Production companies	Nero-Film AG Gaumont-Franco Film-Aubert
Distributed by	Vereinigte Star-Film Cineldé Associated Cinemas
Release dates	November 17, 1931 (1931-11-17) (Germany) January 29, 1932 (1932-01-29) (France) November 8, 1932 (1932-11-08) (US)
Running time	93 minutes (Germany) 86 minutes (Janus)
Countries	Weimar Republic France
Languages	German French

Comradeship (Template:Lang-de, known in France as La Tragédie de la mine, is a 1931 dramatic film directed by German director G. W. Pabst. The French-German co-production is noted for combining expressionism and realism.

The picture concerns a mine disaster where German miners rescue French miners from an underground fire and explosion. The story takes place in the Lorraine/Saar region, along the border between France and Germany.

Plot

After the end of World War I, due to the Treaty of Versailles, an old German mine is split in two because of the new border, and the mine is closed off at the border, including an underground mine. The economic downturn and employment situation adds to tension between the two countries as German workers seek employment with the French but are turned away.

In the French part of the mine a fire breaks out and they try to contain the fire by building brick walls. The Germans continue to work on their side.

Nonetheless the fire gets out of control, causing an explosion that traps many French miners. In response, Wittkopp (Ernst Busch) appeals to his bosses to send a rescue team. As they ride out of town to help, the leader of the German rescue effort explains to his wife that the French are men with women and children and he would hope that they would come to his aid in similar circumstances.

Meanwhile, a trio of German miners breaks through a set of steel bars that mark the 1919 border. On the French side, an old retired miner (Alex Bernard) sneaks into the shaft hoping to rescue his young grandson (Pierre-Louis).

The miners forget their nationalities and past troubles and try to build a new camaraderie on the foundation of human solidarity.

The Germans successfully rescue the French miners, not without some interesting difficulties. After all the survivors are rescued, there's a big party with speeches about friendship between the French and Germans. The film shows a new idealistic unity between the miners, despite the political and nationalistic obstacles that still remain.

At the end, ironically, French officials rebuild the mining gate, and return to the status quo ante.

Cast

Background

Pabst took an actual historical event, a mining accident in 1906 in Courrières, France, where rescue efforts were hampered by the lack of trained mine rescuers. Expert teams from Paris and Germany (miners from the Westphalia region) came to the assistance of the French miners. There were 1,099 fatalities, including children.

Title

Kameradschaft in German means a bond between soldiers or those who have similar opinions and are in friendship. The word is similar to comradeship.

Reception

Critical response

Film critic Daniel Curran calls the film "A heartfelt plea for peace and internationalism." While calling the narrative over-sentimental, Curran appreciated the film, writing, "Pabst's plea for a peaceful future is both noble and honest, his direction of the heartbreak and devastation enhanced by the brilliant cinematography by Fritz Arno Wagner and Robert Baberske, and the frighteningly real set design by Erno Metzner and Karl Vollbrecht."

When the film was released in the United States in 1932, Mordaunt Hall, film critic for The New York Times, reviewed the film and liked the realism and the screenplay, writing, " one of the finest examples of realism that has come to the screen... scenes in the mine are so real that one never thinks of them as being staged... hroughout the length of this tale of horror one feels as though one were permitted through some uncanny force to look into all parts of the mine... all the noises and sounds are wonderfully natural."

The staff at Variety magazine also gave the film a positive review. They appreciated the direction, story, and cinematography, writing, "Pabst has made it a powerful recounting and accentuates more the happenings than the men ... Photography and architecture are excellent and the sound is clear. Picture sometimes abrupt and there are some superfluous scenes but this is an outstanding film."

Awards

Wins

• National Board of Review: Top Foreign Films; 1932.

See also

• List of German films 1919-1933

References

1. Steffen, James. Turner Movie Classics, review and analysis, 2007. Last accessed: December 11, 2007.
2. Curran, Daniel, ed. Foreign Films, film review and analysis, page 85, 1989. Evanston, Illinois: Cinebooks. ISBN 0-933997-22-1.
3. Hall, Mourdaunt. The New York Times, film review, November 9, 1932. Last accessed: December 11, 2007.
4. Variety, staff film review, 1931. Last accessed: December 11, 2007.
5. National Board of Review awards database and web site. Last accessed: December 12, 2007.

External links

• Kameradschaft at IMDb
• Template:Allmovie title
• Kameradschaft at the TCM Movie Database
• Kameradschaft at Film Reference
• Kameradschaft at Cinegraph (German)
• Kameradschaft opening titles on YouTube

• 1931 films
• 1930s drama films
• Black-and-white films
• Films directed by Georg Wilhelm Pabst
• Films of the Weimar Republic
• French films
• French-language films
• German-language films
• Mining in film