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	'''Arab Winter'''<ref name=telegraph>{{cite web\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/9753123/Middle-East-review-of-2012-the-Arab-Winter.html\|title=Middle East review of 2012: the Arab Winter - Telegraph\|publisher=telegraph.co.uk\|accessdate=2014-07-19}}</ref> or '''Islamist Winter''' is the term for the wide-scale violence and instability, evolving in the aftermath of the ] protests in ] countries. The Arab Winter is referring to post-2012 violent developments across the Arab World,<ref name=telegraph/> including the ], ], ], ] and other smaller-scale events. The Arab Winter is characterized by extensive civil wars, general regional instability, economic and demographic decline of the Arab League and overall religious wars between Sunni and Shia Muslims. As of summer 2014, the Arab Winter has produced about quarter a million deaths and millions of refugees.		'''Arab Winter'''<ref name=telegraph>{{cite web\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/9753123/Middle-East-review-of-2012-the-Arab-Winter.html\|title=Middle East review of 2012: the Arab Winter - Telegraph\|publisher=telegraph.co.uk\|accessdate=2014-07-19}}</ref> or '''Islamist Winter''' is the term for the wide-scale violence and instability, evolving in the aftermath of the ] protests in ] countries. The Arab Winter is referring to post-2012 violent developments across the Arab World,<ref name=telegraph/> including the ], ], ], ] and other smaller-scale events. The Arab Winter is characterized by extensive civil wars, general regional instability, economic and demographic decline of the Arab League and overall religious wars between Sunni and Shia Muslims. As of summer 2014, the Arab Winter has produced about quarter a million deaths and millions of refugees.

			==By country==
			{\|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"
			\|-
			! scope="col" style="width:10%;"\| Country
			! scope="col" style="width:10%;"\| Date started
			! scope="col" style="width:16%;"\| Status of protests
			! scope="col" style="width:40%;" class="unsortable"\| Outcome
			! scope="col" style="width:10%;"\| Death toll
			! scope="col" style="width:14%;"\| Situation
			\|-
			\|{{flag\|Egypt}}
			\|{{dts\|format=dmy\|2012\|11\|22}}
			\|Massive protests pro and against Islamists, government overthrown on July 2013. Ongoing violence.
			\|<nowiki></nowiki>
			'''Protests over the imposition of an Islamist-backed constitution by the ] and ] lead to a ].'''
			*] held to replace Mubarak as the new president of Egypt; ] elected and inaugurated<ref name="Mohammed Morsi sworn in as Egypt's president"/>
			*Morsi removed by military in a ] following a ] that came after months of ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/03/mohamed-morsi-egypt-second-revolution\|title=Mohamed Morsi ousted in Egypt's second revolution in two years\|date=4 July 2013\|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref>
			*Crackdown on the ] and other Islamists:
			**Senior Islamist figures have been arrested and face trial.{{#tag:ref\|See <ref>{{cite web\|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/76158/Egypt/Politics-/Prosecution-orders-arrest-of-leading-Brotherhood-m.aspx\|title=Prosecution orders arrest of leading Brotherhood members\|date=10 July 2013\|publisher=Ahram Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/75721/Egypt/Politics-/Former-Brotherhood-supreme-guide-Akef-arrested-.aspx\|title=Former Brotherhood supreme guide Akef arrested\|date=4 July 2013\|publisher=Ahram Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/75815/Egypt/Politics-/Muslim-Brotherhoods-secondman-ElShater-arrested-Se.aspx\|title=Muslim Brotherhood's second-man El-Shater arrested: Security official\|date=6 July 2013\|publisher=Ahram Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/08/21/egypt-arrests-2-more-islamist-figures-hard-line-cleric-spokesman-for-muslim/\|title=Egypt arrests 2 more Islamist figures: hard-line cleric, a spokesman for Muslim Brotherhood\|date=21 August 2013\|publisher=Fox News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/egypt-police-arrest-muslim-brotherhood-chiefs-mohammed-elbeltagy-and-khaled-alazhari-8790828.html\|title=Egypt: Police arrest Muslim Brotherhood chiefs Mohammed el-Beltagy and Khaled Al-Azhari\|date=30 August 2013\|publisher=The Independent\|location=London}}</ref>}}
			**] of pro-Morsi sit-ins on August 14, 2013.
			**A court bans all Muslim Brotherhood activities nationwide and its assets are confiscated.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/23/us-egypt-brotherhood-idUSBRE98M0QR20130923\|title=Egyptian court bans Muslim Brotherhood\|date=23 September 2013\|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> The government eventually designates the group as a ] on December 25, 2013.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/90037.aspx\|title=Egypt government declares Muslim Brotherhood 'terrorist group'\|date=26 December 2013\|publisher=Al-Ahram}}</ref>
			**Sentencing to death of hundreds of Muslim Brotherhood supporters.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26712124\|title=Egypt court sentences 528 Morsi supporters to death\|date=March 24, 2014\|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/28/world/africa/egypt-politics/\|title=Egypt court sentences hundreds of Muslim Brotherhood supporters to death\|date=April 29, 2014\|publisher=CNN}}</ref>
			**] in response to the coup.
			*] becomes president following a ].
			;]:
			*] launch anti-terror military operations in the Sinai.
			*Increase in violence and attacks by insurgents since the ouster of Morsi.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/75792/Egypt/Politics-/Clashes-in-Sinai-over-Morsi-removal.aspx\|title=Clashes in Sinai over Morsi removal\|publisher=Ahram Online\|date=5 July 2013\|accessdate=5 July 2013}}</ref>
			\|{{ntsh\|3500}} 3,500+{{#tag:ref\|See <ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/06/02/anhri-releases-names-of-dead/\|title=ANHRI releases names of dead\|date=June 2, 2013\|publisher=Daily News Egypt}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-21289729\|title=Egypt protesters clash with police at presidential palace\|date=February 1, 2013\|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/jul/08/egypt-dead-injured-toll-so-far\|title=Egypt's dead and injured: the toll so far\|date=July 8, 2013\|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/03/24/egypt-s-unprecedented-instability-by-numbers/h5j3\|title=Egypt’s Unprecedented Instability by the Numbers\|date=March 24, 2014\|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}</ref>}}
			! style="color:#fff; background:#00112b;"\|]<br><small>(])</small>
			\|-
			\|{{flag\|Yemen}}
			\|{{dts\|format=dmy\|2012\|2\|28}}
			\|Country on the verge of civil war
			\|<nowiki></nowiki>
			*Occupation of several areas of Yemeni territory by ] and ] rebels
			*Restructure of the ] by sacking several of its leaders<ref name="commentmideast"/>
			\|{{nts\|2000}} 2,000<ref name="2,000killed"/>
			! style="color:#fff; background:#00112b;"\|]
			\|-
			\|{{flag\|Somalia}}
			\|{{dts\|format=dmy\|2011\|1\|28}}
			\|Continuing ]
			\|<nowiki></nowiki>
			\|{{nts\|0}}
			! style="color:#fff; background:#eac27c;"\|<span style="display:none;">A </span><span style="color:black;">Civil War</span>
			\|-
			\|{{flag\|Sudan}}
			\|{{dts\|format=dmy\|2011\|1\|30}}
			\|Ongoing
			\|<nowiki></nowiki>
			*Ongoing ] by SRF
			\|{{nts\|1500}} 1,500+<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/10/04/un-rights-monitor-condemns-deadly-sudan-crackdown/\|title=UN rights monitor condemns deadly Sudan crackdown\|date=4 October 2013\|publisher=Daily News Egypt}}</ref>
			! style="color:#fff; background:#d64400;"\|]
			\|-
			\|{{flag\|Iraq}}
			\|{{dts\|format=dmy\|2012\|12\|23}}
			\|Ongoing
			\|<nowiki></nowiki>
			*] on the verge of civil war
			\|{{ntsh\|16027}} 16,027+
			! style="color:#fff; background:#d64400;"\|]
			\|-
			\|\|{{flag\|Libya\|1977}}
			\|{{dts\|format=dmy\|2011\|8\|23}}
			\|Intra-factional violence, on the verge of civil war
			\|<nowiki></nowiki>
			*]<ref name="Fighters clash again near Tripoli, several dead"/>
			*] to a ] on 7 July 2012
			\|{{ntsh\|1500}} 1,500 killed
			! style="color:#fff; background:#00112b;"\|]
			\|-
			\|{{flag\|Lebanon}}
			\|{{dts\|format=dmy\|2011\|6\|17}}
			\|Ongoing violence
			\|
			\|{{nts\|457}} 457-474 killed
			! style="color:#fff; background:#00bff3;"\|]
			\|-
			\|{{flag\|Syria}}
			\|{{dts\|format=dmy\|2011\|3\|15\|}}
			\|Ongoing
			\|<nowiki></nowiki>
			*Large defections from the Syrian army and clashes between soldiers and defectors<ref name="Syrian army units 'clash over crackdown'"/>
			*Formation of the ]
			*The Free Syrian Army takes controls of large swathes of land across Syria.
			*Battles between the Syrian government's army and the ] in many governorates.
			*Formation of the ]<ref name="Syrian dissidents form national council"/>
			*Syria suspended from the ]
			*Several countries recognize ] ]
			*Kurdish fighters enter the war by mid-2013
			\|{{ntsh\|150000}} 160,000+<ref>{{cite news\| url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/syria-war-death-toll-tops-160-000-1.2647285 \| agency=Associated Press \| title=Syria war death toll tops 160,000 \| date=19 May 2014}}</ref>
			! style="color:#fff; background:#950000;"\|]
			\|-
			\|colspan=4; style="text-align:right;"\|'''''Total death toll and other consequences:'''''
			\|'''189,670–194,702+''' (International estimate, ongoing, > 80% in Syria)'''
			\|}
	==See also==		==See also==
	{{div col\|\|25em}}		{{div col\|\|25em}}
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	*]		*]
	{{div col end}}		{{div col end}}
	{{Portal bar\|Middle East\|Africa\|Politics\|Social movements\|2010s}}		{{Portal bar\|Middle East\|Africa\|Politics\|Social movements\|2010s\|Syrian Civil War}}

	==References==		==References==

Revision as of 15:46, 11 August 2014

Arab Winter or Islamist Winter is the term for the wide-scale violence and instability, evolving in the aftermath of the Arab Spring protests in Arab League countries. The Arab Winter is referring to post-2012 violent developments across the Arab World, including the Syrian Civil War, Iraqi insurgency, Egyptian Crisis, Post-civil war violence in Libya and other smaller-scale events. The Arab Winter is characterized by extensive civil wars, general regional instability, economic and demographic decline of the Arab League and overall religious wars between Sunni and Shia Muslims. As of summer 2014, the Arab Winter has produced about quarter a million deaths and millions of refugees.

By country

Country	Date started	Status of protests	Outcome	Death toll	Situation
Egypt	22 November 2012	Massive protests pro and against Islamists, government overthrown on July 2013. Ongoing violence.	Protests over the imposition of an Islamist-backed constitution by the Muslim Brotherhood and Mohamed Morsi lead to a coup d'état. Democratic election held to replace Mubarak as the new president of Egypt; Mohamed Morsi elected and inaugurated Morsi removed by military in a coup d'état following a second revolution that came after months of protests. Crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamists: Senior Islamist figures have been arrested and face trial. Violent dispersal of pro-Morsi sit-ins on August 14, 2013. A court bans all Muslim Brotherhood activities nationwide and its assets are confiscated. The government eventually designates the group as a terrorist organization on December 25, 2013. Sentencing to death of hundreds of Muslim Brotherhood supporters. Ongoing Islamist unrest in response to the coup. Abdel Fattah el-Sisi becomes president following a second election. Sinai insurgency Egyptian Armed Forces launch anti-terror military operations in the Sinai. Increase in violence and attacks by insurgents since the ouster of Morsi.	3,500+	EOngoing crisis (EIslamist government overthrown)
Yemen	28 February 2012	Country on the verge of civil war	Occupation of several areas of Yemeni territory by Ansar al-Sharia and Houthi rebels Restructure of the military forces by sacking several of its leaders	2,000 2,000	E Insurgency
Somalia	28 January 2011	Continuing civil war		0	A Civil War
Sudan	30 January 2011	Ongoing	Ongoing insurgency by SRF	1,500 1,500+	A Insurgency
Iraq	23 December 2012	Ongoing	insurgency on the verge of civil war	16,027+	B Insurgency
Libya	23 August 2011	Intra-factional violence, on the verge of civil war	Sporadic low-level fighting and clashes Elections to a General National Congress on 7 July 2012	1,500 killed	E Insurgency
Lebanon	17 June 2011	Ongoing violence		457 457-474 killed	D Insurgency
Syria	15 March 2011	Ongoing	Large defections from the Syrian army and clashes between soldiers and defectors Formation of the Free Syrian Army The Free Syrian Army takes controls of large swathes of land across Syria. Battles between the Syrian government's army and the Free Syrian Army in many governorates. Formation of the Syrian National Council Syria suspended from the Arab League Several countries recognize Syrian government in exile Kurdish fighters enter the war by mid-2013	160,000+	Ongoing civil war
Total death toll and other consequences:	189,670–194,702+ (International estimate, ongoing, > 80% in Syria)

References

^ "Middle East review of 2012: the Arab Winter - Telegraph". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-07-19.
Cite error: The named reference Mohammed Morsi sworn in as Egypt's president was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
"Mohamed Morsi ousted in Egypt's second revolution in two years". The Guardian. 4 July 2013.
"Prosecution orders arrest of leading Brotherhood members". Ahram Online. 10 July 2013.
"Former Brotherhood supreme guide Akef arrested". Ahram Online. 4 July 2013.
"Muslim Brotherhood's second-man El-Shater arrested: Security official". Ahram Online. 6 July 2013.
"Egypt arrests 2 more Islamist figures: hard-line cleric, a spokesman for Muslim Brotherhood". Fox News. 21 August 2013.
"Egypt: Police arrest Muslim Brotherhood chiefs Mohammed el-Beltagy and Khaled Al-Azhari". London: The Independent. 30 August 2013.
See
"Egyptian court bans Muslim Brotherhood". Reuters. 23 September 2013.
"Egypt government declares Muslim Brotherhood 'terrorist group'". Al-Ahram. 26 December 2013.
"Egypt court sentences 528 Morsi supporters to death". BBC. March 24, 2014.
"Egypt court sentences hundreds of Muslim Brotherhood supporters to death". CNN. April 29, 2014.
"Clashes in Sinai over Morsi removal". Ahram Online. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
"ANHRI releases names of dead". Daily News Egypt. June 2, 2013.
"Egypt protesters clash with police at presidential palace". BBC. February 1, 2013.
"Egypt's dead and injured: the toll so far". The Guardian. July 8, 2013.
"Egypt's Unprecedented Instability by the Numbers". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. March 24, 2014.
See
Cite error: The named reference commentmideast was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: The named reference 2,000killed was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
"UN rights monitor condemns deadly Sudan crackdown". Daily News Egypt. 4 October 2013.
Cite error: The named reference Fighters clash again near Tripoli, several dead was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: The named reference Syrian army units 'clash over crackdown' was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: The named reference Syrian dissidents form national council was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
"Syria war death toll tops 160,000". Associated Press. 19 May 2014.

v t e Arab Spring
"Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam"
Events by country	Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco Oman Palestine Saudi Arabia Sudan Syria Tunisia Western Sahara Yemen
Groups	Bahrain: Al Wefaq February 14 Youth Coalition Egypt: April 6 Youth Movement Kefaya Muslim Brotherhood (FJP) National Association for Change National Democratic Party National Salvation Front Revolutionary Socialists Shayfeencom Ultras Ahlawy Libya: National Liberation Army National Transitional Council Mauritania: February 25th Movement Saudi Arabia: Women to drive movement CDHRAP Society for Development and Change Syria: Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Regional Command National Command National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces Free Syrian Army Syrian Revolution General Commission Syrian National Council National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change Hizb ut-Tahrir Foreign fighters Tunisia: Constitutional Democratic Rally Ennahda Popular Front Tunisian General Labour Union Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet Yemen: Alliance of Yemeni Tribes Al-Islah Hashid Houthis General People's Congress Hiraak
Notable people	Women in the Arab Spring Algeria: Abdelaziz Bouteflika Ahmed Ouyahia Bahrain: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Hasan Mushaima Ali Salman Ali Jawad al-Sheikh Egypt: Hosni Mubarak Omar Suleiman Mohamed Hussein Tantawy Ahmed Nazif Ahmed Shafik Wael Ghonim Kamal Ganzouri Khaled Mohamed Saeed Essam Sharaf Mohamed ElBaradei Mohamed Morsi Hesham Qandil Bassem Youssef Jordan: King Abdullah II Marouf al-Bakhit Samir Rifai Libya: Muammar Gaddafi Saif al-Islam Gaddafi Mustafa Abdul-Jelil Mahmud Gebril Mohammed Nabbous Mauritania: Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf Morocco: Mohammed VI Abbas El Fassi Saudi Arabia: Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Khaled al-Johani Manal al-Sharif Nimr al-Nimr Sudan: Omar al-Bashir Hassan al-Turabi Syria: Bashar al-Assad Muhammad Naji al-Otari Adel Safar Riyad Farid Hijab Wael Nader al-Halqi Maher al-Assad Burhan Ghalioun Moaz al-Khatib Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb Tunisia: Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Mohamed Ghannouchi Moncef Marzouki Rashid al-Ghannushi Fouad Mebazaa Beji Caid Essebsi Hamadi Jebali Mohamed Bouazizi Chokri Belaid United Arab Emirates: UAE Five Yemen: Ali Abdullah Saleh Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi Tawakkol Karman Abdul Majeed al-Zindani Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar Sadiq al-Ahmar Abdul-Malik al-Houthi Mohammed Ali al-Houthi
Impact	Occupy movement Albania Armenia Azerbaijan 2011 2013 Belarus Burkina Faso China Greece India 2011 2012 Iran Iraqi Kurdistan Israel Maldives Mali Mexico 2011 2012 Portugal Russia Spain Turkey 2011–2012 2013 United Kingdom United States Libyan civil war (2011–present) Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)
UN Resolutions	65/265 1970 1973 2009 2014 2016
International reactions	Bahrain Egypt Libya civil war military intervention death of Muammar Gaddafi Syria Tunisia Yemen
Domestic reactions	Egypt Libya domestic responses Syria
Timelines by country	Bahrain Egypt Libya Saudi Arabia Syria Yemen Yemen Libya Egypt
Category

Categories:

Revision as of 15:46, 11 August 2014

By country

See also

References