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| |+<big><big>'''''Република Српска'''<br>'''Republika Srpska'''''</big></big> | |||
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| | style="background: #ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 | | |||
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| | align=center width=142px | {{border|]}} | |||
| | align=center width=142px | ] | |||
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| | align=center width=142px | (]) | |||
| | align=center width=142px | (]) | |||
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| <small> Note: The flag, the coat of arms and the anthem of Republika Srpska have been deemed unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of ] and are due to be replaced by September 2006 </small> | |||
| |} | |||
| |- style="border-top: 2px solid gray;" | |||
| | style="background: #f9f9f9;" align=center colspan=2 | | |||
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| | valign=top | ''']s''' | |||
| | ], ] and ] <br> <small>Note: The ] avoids naming the languages, and lists the "languages of Serbs, Bosniaks, and Croats."</small> | |||
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| | valign=top | ''']''' | |||
| | ], ] | |||
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| | ''']''' | |||
| | ''de jure'' ] ''de facto'' ] | |||
| |- | |||
| | ''']'''<br/> – Total<br/> – % water | |||
| | <br/> 24,811 km²<br/> n/a | |||
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| | valign=top | ''']'''<br/> – Total (])<br/> – ] | |||
| | <br/> 1,411,000<br/> 60/km² | |||
| |- | |||
| | ''']'''<br/>(] est.) | |||
| | ]: 88.4% {{fact}}<br/>]s: 10.7%{{fact}}<br/>]s: 0.9%{{fact}}<br/> | |||
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| | ''']''' | |||
| | ] | |||
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| | ''']''' | |||
| | ] | |||
| |- | |||
| | ''']''' | |||
| | '']''<br/>(God of Justice) | |||
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| | ''']''' | |||
| | ] +1 | |||
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| | ''']''' | |||
| | ] (KM) | |||
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| |} | |||
| The '''Republika Srpska''' (]: ''Република Српска (РС)''; ]: ''Republika Srpska (RS)'')</sup> is one of the two ] that together constitute the state of ], the other entity being the ]. | |||
| == Demographics == | |||
| Republika Srpska comprises 49% of the land area of ] and is home to about 34% of the population. All data dealing with population, including ethnic distributions, are subject to considerable error because of the lack of official census figures and the forced removal of minority ethnic groups during the war. In 2005, the population of Republika Srpska was estimated to stand at about 1,411,000 people, of whom ] constituted 1,247,900 people or 88.4% of the overall population, followed by 150,390 ] at 10.7%, and ] constituted 12,710 people or 0.9%. The population of non-Serbs has declined significantly since 1991, while the number of Serbs increased dramatically. This was caused by the ] of non-Serb population by the Bosnian Serb authorities, the influx of ] ] from the ] due to the ] (1992-1995) and ] refugees from Croatia due to the ] (1991-1995). Bosnian Serb government resettlement policy also played a part, and some resettlement took place after the war following the ], subsequent to setting political boundaries (]). | |||
| == Name == | |||
| The word "Srpska" can be interpreted as an ] ("Serb"), and, bearing in mind language rules for the creation of names of countries in ] and other ], also as a proper ]. The Serbian name for several countries is analogous: ] - ''Republika Francuska'', which is also the official French name for France (Republique Française); ] - ''Republika Hrvatska''; ] - ''Republika Bugarska'', and so on. However, in these cases there has long existed an appropriate ]ized translation of the name to English. | |||
| ] | |||
| "Republika Srpska" is translated by some as "Serb Republic" in ], though it is often left untranslated, including in the constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the official version of which is in English. Because of the potential for confusion between "Serb Republic" (''Република Српска / Republika Srpska'') and the "]" (''Република Србија / Republika Srbija''), the name "Republika Srpska" is often used in its untranslated form in non-] countries. This article follows that convention. The government of Republika Srpska uses the term "Republic of Srpska" in ] translations of official documents, while some translate it as "Serb Republic". It should also be noted that RS is not a republic in the sense of a sovereign country as the term "Republika" (Republic) may imply, since the entity's name was agreed in its untranslated version at the ]. It is also commonly referred to as "the smaller ] entity" to differentiate it from the "the larger BiH entity" (the ]), as the latter covers 51% of BiH's territory, to the former's 49%. | |||
| == History == | |||
| * ''Main article: ]'' | |||
| === Creation of the Republika Srpska === | |||
| During the political crisis that followed the secession of Slovenia and Croatia from the former ] on ] ], a separate ] was founded on ], 1991, as the representative body of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most ] opposed any suggestion that Bosnia should also leave Yugoslavia. At this point, Serbs constituted about 33% of the population of Bosnia, with Croats and Bosniaks making up the rest of the population. | |||
| The leading Serb political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the ], led by ], organized the creation of "Serb autonomous provinces" (SAOs) within Bosnia and the establishment of an assembly to represent them. In November 1991, the Bosnian Serbs held a referendum which resulted in an overwhelming vote in favour of staying in a common state with ] and ]. On ], ], the Bosnian Serb Assembly proclaimed the Republic of the Serb people of Bosnia and Herzegovina (''Република српског народа Босне и Херцеговина / Republika srpskog naroda Bosne i Hercegovine''). On ], 1992, the constitution of the Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was adopted and declared that the state's territory included Serb autonomous regions, municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in ], and it was declared to be a part of the federal Yugoslav state. | |||
| The referendum and creation of SARs were proclaimed ] by the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and declared illegal and invalid. However, from ] to ], 1992 the government held a referendum on Bosnian independence from Yugoslavia. That referendum was in turn declared contrary to the BiH and Federal constitution by the Yugoslav Federal Constitutional court and rebel Bosnian Serb authorities; it was largely boycotted by the Bosnian Serbs. The turnout was somewhere between 64-67% and 98% of the voters voted for independence. It was unclear what the two-thirds majority requirement actually meant and whether it was satisfied.{{fact}} Almost all Bosnian Serbs boycotted the vote on the grounds that it was unconstitutional because the referendum bypassed the veto power of the representatives of the Serb people in the Bosnian parliament. An independent Bosnia was proclaimed in March, by which time the country had already plunged into ethnic conflict, caused by the secession. The resistance to the secession of Bosnia-Herzegovina was assisted by the Yugoslav National Army (JNA)and paramilitary forces from Serbia. On ] 1992, the ] formally recognised the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence on ] 1992. On ] 1992, the reference to ] was dropped from the name, and it became simply ''Republika Srpska''. | |||
| === Republika Srpska and the Bosnian War === | |||
| During the next three years, Republika Srpska was one of the three warring sides in the ], the others being the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) dominated Bosnian government and the Bosnian Croat statelet of ]. At the start of the war, the RS was in a much stronger military position compared to the other two sides. Its army, the VRS (]), was created from Bosnian Serb members of the ] (JNA) and was armed and equipped from JNA stockpiles in Bosnia. It also had the support of volunteers and various paramilitary forces from Serbia. In addition, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia provided extensive humanitarian, logistical and financial support for the Republika Srpska and its military. | |||
| The VRS and the political leadership of Republika Srpska have been proved in a series of cases at the Hague Tribubnal to have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide (see: the ]), the ] of the non-Serb population , of killing, torturing and raping at concentration/detention camps , the long ] of ], and the destruction of Bosnian-Herzegovinian cultural and historical heritage , . Many of them have been convicted of war crimes. | |||
| By 1994, the ] estimated that more than half a million non-Serbs had been driven out from the territory controlled by Republika Srpska and by the spring of 1996, a ] census indicated that Serbs constituted 96.8% of the population of the republic. However, the republic's actions produced worldwide condemnation, the establishment of the ] in ] and the eventual indictment of the Republika Srpska military and civilian leadership for ]. | |||
| In ], Republika Srpska came close to collapse in the face of Bosniak/Croat military offensives and a concerted two-week campaign of ] air strikes. Bosnian territory under RS control was reduced by one third and it later acceded to the ], accepted on its behalf by President Milošević (RS leaders not able to attend talks having being indicted for war crimes by the ICTY). Under this accord, RS was recognized as one of two entities that would constitute a newly configured state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total area of Republika Srpska is 49% of Bosnia's territory, with the Bosniak/Croat Federation constituting the other 51%. | |||
| The legal existence of Republika Srpska was postulated by the Agreed Basic Principles issued on ] ], and the Further Agreed Basic Principles issued on ] 1995, and was confirmed by the ]. According to this peace agreement, the Republika Srpska was recognized as one of the two entities that compose the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. | |||
| === The post-war Republika Srpska === | |||
| Since the war, Republika Srpska has undergone many changes. Several of its wartime leaders were arrested or went into hiding following ]s indictments, although in practice Radovan Karadžić continued to exert a degree of influence for years after the war's end. Some of the non-Serbs expelled during the war have returned to their former homes in Republika Srpska; the non-Serb population has increased to about 10% of the total. However, as in many other former communist countries, both of Bosnia's entities have experienced severe economic problems and widespread ] during the transition to a market economy. This has seriously hampered Bosnia's recovery from the conflict. | |||
| The ]-appointed ] has greatly influenced the post-war development of Republika Srpska. Several of its wartime aspects of ], such as a separate ], have been abolished. A number of senior Republika Srpska officials have been removed from their posts by the High Representative after being accused of corruption and blocking the process of reform and reconstruction. It is likely that the powers of the republic will be further reduced in future, along with those of its Muslim/Croat counterpart, as a more centralized Bosnian-Herzegovinian state is further re-established by the international community. However, due to the referendum in Montenegro and increasing dissatisfaction displayed by the Serbs of Republika Srpska, many of the citizens would like a referendum through which an independent Republika Srpska would be created, although the international community deems that entities do not have a right to hold a referendum. | |||
| == Geography == | |||
| ]]] | |||
| ] | |||
| === Boundary === | |||
| The ] (IEBL) that distinguishes Bosnia and Herzegovina's two entities essentially runs along the military front lines as they existed at the end of the ], with adjustments (most importantly in the western part of the country and around Sarajevo) made at the Dayton peace conference. The total length of the IEBL is approximately 1,080 km and is not controlled by the military or police. | |||
| === Municipalities === | |||
| * ''Main article: ]'' | |||
| Under the Law on Territorial Organization and Local Self-Government adopted in 1994, Republika Srpska was divided into 80 municipalities. After the conclusion of the Dayton Peace Agreement, the law was amended in 1996 to reflect the changes to the country's borders and now provides for the division of Republika Srpska into 63 municipalities. | |||
| === Cities === | |||
| List of largest cities in Republika Srpska (with population figures in 2006): | |||
| * ] (232,419) | |||
| * ] (134,800) | |||
| * ] (39,339) | |||
| * ] (38,696) | |||
| * ] (37,116) | |||
| * ] (34,946) | |||
| * ] (27,911) | |||
| * ] (15,370) | |||
| * ] (14,824) | |||
| * ] (13,827) | |||
| * ] (13,342) | |||
| Note: the town of Brčko is part of the ], which is part of both, Republika Srpska and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. | |||
| == Politics == | |||
| Under its constitution, Republika Srpska has a president, parliament (the ]), executive (with a prime minister and several ministries), supreme court and lower courts, customs service (under the state-level customs service), and postal service. It also has its own coat of arms, flag (the Serbian tricolour), and national anthem. Its flag airline, ], ceased operations in ]. | |||
| After the war, Republika Srpska retained its army, but in August ], under considerable foreign pressure (acting primarily through the Office of the High Representative), the parliament consented to transfer control of ] to a state-level ministry and abolish the republic's defense ministry and army by ], ]. These reforms were required by ] as a precondition of Bosnia and Herzegovina's admission to the ]. | |||
| Republika Srpska has its own police force, but in October 2005, again under pressure, the parliament consented to the creation over a five-year period of a single integrated police service at the state level, with local police areas that may cross the Inter-Entity Boundary Line if required based on technical considerations. These reforms were insisted upon by the ] as a condition for the negotiation of a ] with Bosnia and Herzegovina. | |||
| Although the constitution names ] as the capital of Republika Srpska, the northwestern city of ] is the headquarters of most of the institutions of government — including the parliament — and is the ''de facto'' capital. | |||
| === Presidents === | |||
| *] (7 April 1992 to 19 July 1996) (SDS)'' (indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia)'' | |||
| *] (19 July 1996 to 4 November 1998) (SDS/SNS RS) ''(expelled from SDS in July 1997 and formed SNS RS) (convicted of crimes against humanity by the ICTY)'' | |||
| *] (4 November 1998 to 26 January 2000) (SRS RS) ''(removed by High Representative on 5 March 1999; removal enforced on 2 September 1999)'' | |||
| *] (26 January 2000 to 28 November 2002 (SDS) ''(not recognized as president by High Representative until 16 December 2000)'' | |||
| *] (28 November 2002 to present) (SDS) | |||
| === Legislative Assembly === | |||
| The current National Assembly of Republika Srpska (''Народна Скупштина Републике Српске/Narodna Skupština Republike Srpske'') is the sixth since the founding of the Republika Srpska. | |||
| *First Assembly (24 October 1991 to 14 September 1996) | |||
| *Second Assembly (19 October 1996 to 27 December 1997) ''(election of 4 September 1996)'' | |||
| *Third Assembly (27 December 1997 to 19 October 1998) ''(election of 14 September 1997)'' | |||
| *Fourth Assembly (19 October 1998 to 16 December 2000) ''(election of 13 September 1998)'' | |||
| *Fifth Assembly (16 December 2000 to 28 November 2002) ''(election of 11 September 2000)'' | |||
| *Sixth Assembly (from 28 November 2002) ''(election of 5 October 2002)'' | |||
| The political composition of the Sixth Assembly of the National Assembly of Republika Srpska: | |||
| * ] 26 | |||
| * ] 18 | |||
| * ] 9 | |||
| * ] 6 | |||
| * ] 3 | |||
| * ] 4 | |||
| * Democratic People's Union 3 | |||
| * ] 3 | |||
| * Other parties (or independent representatives) 11 | |||
| == Executive == | |||
| The government of Republika Srpska is composed of the prime minister and the heads of the sixteen ministries. The National Assembly also selects two deputy prime ministers from among the ministers from different constituent peoples (Serbs, Croats, and Bosniaks) on the recommendation of the prime minister. | |||
| The law requires that eight ministers be elected from the Serb population, five from the Bosniak population, and three from the Croat population. The prime minister may also appoint one minister from among the "others" population (out of the largest constituent ethnic group). | |||
| Under the Law on Ministries adopted in October 2002, the "tasks of the administration" of Republika Srpska are carried out by ministries, republican administrative units, and republican administrative organizations. | |||
| === Executive Administrations === | |||
| The following is a list of the executive administrations of Republika Srpska with the name of the prime minister, the date on which the administration was formed by the National Assembly, and the political party of the chief minister: | |||
| *Branko Đerić (22 April 1992) (SDS) | |||
| *Vladimir Lukić (20 January 1993) (SDS) | |||
| *Dušan Kozić (18 August 1994) (SDS) | |||
| *Rajko Kasagić (17 December 1995) (SDS) | |||
| *Gojko Kličković I (18 May 1996) (SDS) | |||
| *Gojko Kličković II (27 November 1996) (SDS) | |||
| *Milorad Dodik I (18 January 1998) (SNSD) | |||
| *Mladen Ivanić (12 January 2001) (PDP) | |||
| *Dragan Mikerević (17 January 2003) (PDP) | |||
| *Pero Bukejlović (17 February 2005) (SDS) | |||
| *Milorad Dodik II (28 February 2006) (SNSD) | |||
| === Ministries === | |||
| The following are the sixteen ministries: | |||
| *Ministry for Economy, Energy and Development | |||
| *Ministry of Finance | |||
| *Ministry of Education and Culture | |||
| *Ministry of Justice | |||
| *Ministry of Internal Affairs | |||
| *Ministry of Administration and Local Self-Governance | |||
| *Ministry of Health and Social Protection | |||
| *Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Resources | |||
| *Ministry of Transport and Communications | |||
| *Ministry of Trade and Tourism | |||
| *Ministry of Urban Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology | |||
| *Ministry of Labor and Soldiers and Invalid Protection | |||
| *Ministry for Economic Relations and Coordination | |||
| *Ministry for Refugees and Displaced Persons | |||
| *Ministry of Science and Technology | |||
| *Ministry without Portfolio | |||
| === Administrative Units in RS === | |||
| Administrative units in RS are administrative bodies within the ministries, and are established for the purpose of performing certain activities from within the sphere of activity of the administration, which, due to their nature, entirety and way of performing, require independence and special organization (administration, inspectorates, and other forms). Administrative units are under the direct supervision of the ministry to which they belong. | |||
| The following are the administrative units and the ministries to which they belong: | |||
| *Administrative Unit for Geodetic and Legal-Property Issues ''(responsible to the Government of Republika Srpska)'' | |||
| *Administrative Unit for the RS Customs ''(Ministry of Finance)'' | |||
| *Tax Administration ''(Ministry of Finance)'' | |||
| *Foreign Currency Inspectorate ''(Ministry of Finance)'' | |||
| *Unit for Civil Defense ''(Ministry of Administration and Local Self-Governance)'' | |||
| === Administrative Organizations in RS === | |||
| Administrative organizations in RS are established for the purpose of performing professional duties and duties of the republican administration (institutions, directorates, secretariats, agencies, commissariats, funds, centers and other forms). Administrative organizations may have the attributes of a legal entity. | |||
| The following are the republican administrative organizations and the ministries to which they belong: | |||
| *Institute for Statistics ''(Ministry of Finance)'' | |||
| *Institute for Protection of Cultural, Historical and Natural Heritage ''(Ministry of Education and Culture)'' | |||
| *Hydro Meteorological Institute ''(Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Resources)'' | |||
| *Institute for Geological Research ''(Ministry for Economy, Energy and Development)'' | |||
| *Institute for Prices ''(Ministry of Trade and Tourism)'' | |||
| *Institute for Planning ''(Ministry for Economy, Energy and Mining)'' | |||
| *Institute for Standardization and Metrology ''(Ministry for Economy, Energy and Development)'' | |||
| *Secretariat for Sport and Youth ''(Ministry of Education and Culture)'' | |||
| *Secretariat for Religions ''(Ministry of Education and Culture)'' | |||
| *Secretariat for Legislation ''(responsible to the Government of Republika Srpska)'' | |||
| *Secretariat for Relationships with ICT in The Hague and Investigation of War Crimes ''(responsible to the Government of Republika Srpska)'' | |||
| *Archive of Republika Srpska ''(Ministry of Education and Culture)'' | |||
| *Civil Service Agency ''(responsible to the Government of Republika Srpska)'' | |||
| *RS Agency for Medicines ''(Ministry of Health and Social Protection)'' | |||
| *Agency for Recognizing and Improvement of Quality of Health Protection in Republika Srpska ''(Ministry of Health and Social Protection)'' | |||
| *Commissioners Office for Refugees and Humanitarian Aid ''(Ministry for Refugees and Displaced Persons)'' | |||
| *Directorate for Commodity Reserves ''(Ministry of Trade and Tourism)'' | |||
| *Directorate for Water ''(Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Resources)'' | |||
| *Directorate for Civilian Air Traffic ''(Ministry of Transport and Communications)'' | |||
| *Directorate for Reconstruction and Construction ''(Ministry for Urban Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology)'' | |||
| *Directorate for Privatization ''(responsible to the Government of Republika Srpska)'' | |||
| *Fund for Development and Employment of Republika Srpska ''(responsible to the Government of Republika Srpska)'' | |||
| *Republika Srpska Habitation Fund ''(responsible to the Government of Republika Srpska)'' | |||
| *Republic of Srpska Pedagogic Institute ''(responsible to the Ministry of Education and Culture)'' | |||
| *Republic of Srpska Institute for books and education facilities ''(responsible to the Ministry of Education and Culture)'' | |||
| *Agency for Cattle Breeding and Selection ''(responsible to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management)'' | |||
| *Academy of Science and Art of Republic of Srpska ''(responsible to the Ministry of Science and Technology)'' | |||
| *Animal Identification Agency ''(responsible to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management)'' | |||
| *Agency for supplying of professional services in the agriculture sector ''(responsible to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management)'' | |||
| *Agency for Accrediting and improvement of the health care quality ''(Ministry of Health and Social Protection)'' | |||
| *Agency for Medicines ''(Ministry of Health and Social Protection)'' | |||
| *Banking Agency ''(Ministry of Finance)'' | |||
| *Civil Service Agency | |||
| *Republic Secretariat for Legislation | |||
| *Inspectorate for Foreign Exchange ''(Ministry of Finance)'' | |||
| *Agency for civil protection | |||
| == Economic Analysis == | |||
| Republika Srpska uses the ] currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. | |||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina, and therefore also Republika Srpska as one of its two entities, has been recognized e.g. by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, as a country which has achieved major improvements in implementation of reforms: the EBRD writes | |||
| "''BiH continues to make progress in macroeconomic stabilisation and structural reforms, but the pace of progress has sometimes lagged behind expectations. The macroeconomic environment remains very stable, with annual growth of around 4-5 per cent, inflation in low single-digits, and strong reserve coverage underpinning the currency board. There have been significant and necessary reforms in the public sector over the past couple of years, and prospects for fiscal sustainability are improved, following the move in both Entities towards balanced budgets, although the process of building state-level institutions is presenting new fiscal challenges. However, trade and current account deficits remain large, with the latter estimated close to 20 per cent of GDP. Notwithstanding the evident progress of recent years, critical challenges remain to be tackled. On the macroeconomic front, poor data quality hampers consistent policy-making, while the size of the public sector remains too large and needs to be further reduced. Corruption is still prevalent and major fundamental reforms to public administration and the judiciary are required. Living standards are low and unemployment is widespread.''" Also "''the internal political situation continues to be complex, especially in connection to disputes with the International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the failed negotiations to enter NATO’s Partnership for Peace Programme (PfP).''" | |||
| The positive dynamic of development in Republika Srpska can be illustrated by the inflow of foreign investment doubled from 2000 to 2003, when it amounted to nearly 5% of GDP. In 2004, Republika Srpska received more foreign investment than in all previous years. An agreement on strategic partnership was concluded between the Iron Ore Mine Ljubija Prijedor and the ] company ], a leading world steel producer. The ] company Južuralzoloto also signed a strategic partnership with the ] and ] Mine Sase Srebrenica. | |||
| Since 2001, Republika Srpska initiated significant reforms in the sector of the tax system, which lowered the tax burden to 28.6%, one of the lowest in the region. The 10% rate of capital gains tax and income tax are the lowest in Europe and highly stimulating for foreign investment, and there are no limits on the amount of earnings. Increasing the number of taxpayers and budgeted incomes, and creating a stable fiscal system, were necessary for further reforms in the fields of taxation and duties; this area is a priority goal of the RS authorities. Introduction of the VAT, expected in 2005, is one of the most demanding projects for the government. | |||
| The average salary in August 2004 was 660KM (around 340 EUR). From 1998-2003, the average monthly salary in Republika Srpska increased from 280 to 660KM, according to the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Hercegovina. | |||
| == Miscellaneous == | |||
| ] | |||
| ]]] | |||
| ] banknote showing ]]] | |||
| In 1992, the new government of Republika Srpska issued postage stamps and currency -- prized abroad by collectors. From ]-] Republika Srpska had its own currency, the ]. | |||
| Republika Srpska does not have its own Internet ] and its institutions do not prefer the Bosnia-Herzegovina ] (.BA) or indeed any other single TLD. Third parties offer the subdomain .RS under either one of the ]s .BA (Bosnia & Herzegovina) or .SR (], but resembling ], which actually uses .YU) . | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] | |||
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| == Official pages == | |||
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| == External links== | |||
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| == Gallery == | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| Image:Bl-1903.jpg|] at the turn of 20th century | |||
| Image:Ferhadija.jpg|Ferhat-Pasha "Ferhadija" mosque in ] | |||
| Image:Visegrad-bridge-1900.jpg|The bridge in ] (around 1890) | |||
| Image:Bosanska dubica-center.jpg|] | |||
| Image:Unibl2.jpg|] | |||
| Image:Doboj stari grad.gif|] at the beginning of the 20th Century | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| {{Political Divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} | |||
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